Month: December 2019

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GIBBS FREE ENERGY OF NATURAL GAS COMPONENTS FORMATION IN SEDIMENTARY STRATA

Home > Archive > No. 2 (179) 2019 > 37-46

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 2 (179) 2019, 37-46.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2019.02.037

Yuri KHOKHA, Oleksandr LYUBCHAK, Myroslava YAKOVENKO

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

The main methods of calculating the composition of geochemical systems in the thermodynamic equilibrium state were considered in the article. It was shown that the basis for such calculations was the determination of the Gibbs Free Energy of each system components at given temperatures and pressures. The methods of Gibbs Free Energy calculation at standard pressure and under conditions that are realized within the sedimentary strata were analyzed. The equations of state for natural gas individual components were selected and their Gibbs Free Energies for heat fluxes ranging from 40 to 100 mW/m2 and depths of 0–20 km were calculated. The results showed that the pressure significantly affects the value of Gibbs Free Energies formation of natural gas components within the sedimentary strata. Changes of the Gibbs Free Energies of natural gas components formation, as a function of depth, subordinated to the same laws for each compound. This regularity was better expressed in more heated areas.
It was shown that with depth increasing the Gibbs Free Energy of natural gas components formation first rapidly decreases and reaches its minimum ranging from 2 to 6 km. Moreover, as the value of the heat flux increases, the maximum value of the Gibbs Free Energy of formation of natural gas components, expressed in kilometers, decreases. With further immersion/deepening to depths greater than 6 km, the Gibbs Free Energy of the formation of natural gas components gradually increases, and in areas with greater heat flux, a sharp increase was characteristic, and with less, it was slow and weakly expressed. There is a stability area for hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon components of natural gas ranging from 2 to 6 km. With the increase of Carbon number in the hydrocarbon chain, the value of Gibbs Free Energy of the natural gas hydrocarbon components formation decreases, which indicates the presence of a stability zone for heavy natural gas components (it should be expected that oil also) within the depths of 2–6 km.

Full Text

Keywords

Gibbs Free Energy, heat flow, natural gas, sedimentary strata.

REFERENCES

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ON THE LITHOFLUID AHD THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM IN GEOLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY

Home > Archive > No. 2 (179) 2019 > 28-36

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 2 (179) 2019, 28-36.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2019.02.028

Іhor NAUMKO

ІInstitute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

The researcher’s approaches to the term “fluid systems” as a prototype of the fluid medium of crystallization of minerals, naturally preserved relics – inclusions of fluids reflect the features of the fluid regime of mineralogenesis of rock-ore complexes are analyzed. It is emphasized that the term “fluid” characterizes the main property of the substance of the medium of mineralogenesis, the most important substance of the Earth’s crust, its highest mobility, the maximum disorder of structure, fluidity, and covers the liquid or gas state of the lightweight components (gas, aqueous solution), as well as the melt of magmatic (silicate, salt, carbonate) substance. Under the fluid regime, the author understands the physical and chemical nature, the spatial-temporal sequence of manifestation and the variability of the parametric characteristics of the fluids, that is, the entire set of physico-chemical and geological phenomena and processes that determine the regular (discrete, periodic, evolutionary) changes in aggregate state, PT-parameters and the composition of the fluid medium of crystallization of minerals and their identified (certain, specific) parageneses. Our long-term studies show that the physico-chemical system of the fluid medium of mineral-ore-narhtidgenesis should cover lithoid (rocky), fluid (genetic) and thermodynamic (temperature, pressure, concentration) components that determine the mass, heat and the energy exchange between the fluid and of its host rock. In view of this, we define this physico-chemical system as a “lithofluid and thermodynamic system” and we believe that this definition takes into account all known phenomena of generation, migration, differentiation and accumulation of fluids, in particular hydrocarbons (hydrocarbon-containing), in the lithosphere of the Earth. An example of such a lithofluid and thermodynamic system in the Earth’s bowels – the natural high-energy physicochemical reactor is the hydrocarbon-generating and mineral-ore-forming system of the deep abiogenic high-termobaric fluid.

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Keywords

inclusion in minerals, fluid systems, fluids, fluid regime, lithofluid and thermodynamic system, lithosphere of the Earth.

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PROSPECTS OF THE POTENTIAL FOR OIL AND GAS PRESENCE IN THE NORTH-WESTERN PART OF INNER FLYSH COVERS OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS

Home > Archive > No. 2 (179) 2019 > 5-27

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 2 (179) 2019, 5-27.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2019.02.005

Myroslav PAVLYUK, Volodymyr SHLAPINSKY, Olesya SAVCHAK, Myroslav TERNAVSKY

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

Here the Cretaceous and Paleogene flysh of the Duklya-Chornohora, Burkut, Magura, Marmarosh and Pieniny covers was studied that in the north-western sector of the Ukrainian Carpathians near the border of Poland and Slovakia (Lemkivsky segment) distinguish themselves by very inclined thrusts. Spatially the given tectonic units are within the limits of so called hydrothermal field unfavourable as a whole, as to the presence of hydrocarbons on a large scale here. But there were distinguished small plots with prevalence of hydrocarbons in the gas composition. Prospects of the potential for gas presence in the region should be connected with the areas that spatially gravitate towards Transcarpathian deep. Studied area consists of several tectonic units of the first order. These are covers located farther south-west of Krosno cover: Duklya-Chornohora, Burkut (Porkulets), Magura, Marmarosh and Pieniny covers, in the south-west the studied terrane is limited by the Transcarpathian deep, and farther west – by the state border of Ukraine and Slovakia, in the south-east – by the Rika Rriver, in the north-east – by the zone of joining of Duklya-Chornohora and Krosno covers. Prospects of the potential for oil end gas presence in the given area, as in the Folded Carpathians on the whole, should be determined by the complex of all accompanying parameters: structural, collecting and covering, hadrochemical and geochemical. For the given area of the Carpathians the geochemical factor is the most important.

Full Text

Keywords

inner flysh covers, hydrothermal fluid, composition of free gases, oil and gas presence, perspective areas, Transcarpathian deep.

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