Category: Tectonics

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GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE RAVINE- BEAM SYSTEM AREA ALONG KRYMSKA STREET (LVIV)

Home > Archive > No. 1 (201) 2026 > 21–36

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1 (201) 2026, 21–36

ISSN 0869-0774 (Print), ISSN 2786-8621 (Online)

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2026.201.021

Leonid KHOMYAKa, Milena BOHDANOVAb

Lviv Ivan Franko National University, Lviv, Ukraine

a e-mail: leonid.khomyak@lnu.edu.ua, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5944-9684
b e-mail: milena.bohdanova@lnu.edu.ua, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7850-4482

Abstract

In the technologically altered landscapes of residential areas of Lviv, there are areas with complex erosional and erosional-denudational relief, where information about the geological structure of the area can be obtained. The aim of the proposed study was to investigate the geological and geomorphological structure of the northern part of Snopkivsky Park, located near the ravine on Krymska Street. The objects of the study were deposits of the Cretaceous and Neogene periods, the groundwater horizon, and meso- and microforms of relief. The main objectives of the study were to determine the geological structure of the specified territory, to investigate the structure of the section and the lithological composition of Neogene deposits, their facies type, the hydrogeological conditions of groundwater occurrence, as well as the role of structural and lithological factors in the formation of the relief. Field geological and geomorphological methods allowed us to establish that the lower part of the ravine is covered with Upper Cretaceous marls, and the watershed spurs of the Lviv Plateau consist of Neogene deposits. The section of the Neogene system here is formed by three layers of constant stratigraphic sequence: I – sandy lithothamnion limestones (Baranivka layers), II – sands of the Mykolaiv layers with a large number of lithothamnion limestone fragments in the upper part, III – lithothamnion limestones of the Naraiv layers. Neogene thicknesses are disrupted by low‑amplitude faults with differential vertical displacements, imparting a block‑tectonic style. Enhanced fracturing and improved water permeability of rocks within areas of dynamic fault influence determined the locations of erosion relief forms and their development. These observations clarify the interplay of lithology, facies, and neotectonic segmentation in shaping erosional landforms on the Lviv Plateau.

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Keywords

Badenian regional stage, lithothamnic limestone, structural and geomorphic analysis, facies

Referenses

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Received: December 09, 2025
Accepted: February 27, 2026
Published: April 21, 2026

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PLATE-TECTONIC GEODYNAMICS OF THE TISZA–DACIA TERRAIN, UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS

Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (191–192) 2023 > 61–73

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (191–192) 2023, 61–73

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2023.191-192.061

Oleh HNYLKO

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: ohnilko@yahoo.com

Abstract

In the work, the knowledge about the geological structure and evolution of the Marmarosh Massif (part of the Dacia terrane or the larger Tisza–Dacia terrane) of the Ukrainian Carpathians is supplemented and summarized. The geodynamic conditions of the formation of the Marmarosh massif are reconstructed in the context of the general evolution of the folded border of the East European craton on the basis of the author’s geological observations and with taking into account previous data. Detailed geological mapping was carried out to identify some areas, the results of which are partially published on the State Geological Map of Ukraine. The Marmarosh massif of the Central Eastern Carpathians is represented by a crystalline basement, which includes pre-Hercynian and Hercynian metamorphosed complexes, and a late Paleozoic – Cenozoic cover of unmetamorphosed or weakly metamorphosed sediments. The Precambrian basement Bilyi Potik and Dilove formations are metamorphosed up to amphibolite (possibly to granulite?) facies. Vendian – Early Paleozoic volcanogenic-terrigenous and carbonate weakly metamorphosed Berlebash and Megura formations are correlated with the Tulghes Formation (Romania), that compared with the remains of an ancient accretionary prism and volcanic arc. This prism/arc could belong to the Avalonia microcontinent, which collided with Baltica in the Early Paleozoic. The collision caused the formation of the pre-Alpine Caledonian thrust structure of the Marmarosh massif basement. Paleozoic volcanogenic-sedimentary, carbonate, and terrigenous complexes (Kuzya Formation in Ukraine, and Rusaia, Repedea and Cimpoiasa formations in Romania) were accumulated in a rift basin, the closure of which caused the Hercynian tectogenesis. Late Paleozoic coal-bearing Kvasnyi Formation and red-colored Krasnyi Pleso Formation are belonged to epi-Hercynian molasse and to the cover of the Marmarosh crystalline massif.

Jurassic rifting and spreading led to the separation of the Dacia microcontinent and the formation of a (sub)oceanic basin between Dacia microcontinent and Eurasia. This basin is now marked by the Fore-Marmarosh suture zone. The dipping of the Dacia into the subduction zone, which was inclined to the west, could have caused the formation of the Marmarosh basement nappes and their thrust eastward towards the Fore-Marmarosh basin (future Carpathian flysch basin). An accretionary flysch prism grew in front of the Marmarsh nappes, a significant part of the prism sank under the Marmarosh nappes (=crystalline massif) where it could generate hydrocarbons, which allows us to support the assumption about the prospects of the under Marmarosh nappes flysch autochthon.

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Keywords

Ukrainian Carpathians, Tisza–Dacia terrain, Marmarosh Massif, basement nappes

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MARMAROSH KLIPPEN BELT IN STRUCTURE OF UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS Article 2. Tectonic-magmatic position and views of the zone structure

Home > Archive > No. 2 (179) 2019 > 55-67

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 2 (179) 2019, 55-67.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2019.02.055

Mykhaylo YAREMOVYCH

ТзОВ «Геол-тех», Львів, e-mail: mishayaremovich@gmail.com

Abstract

The paper describes the tectonic position of Marmarosh zone of rocks and determine its place in the structure of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Shown is the history of the study of igneous rocks. The comparative analysis of the views on the structure and position of the Marmarosh klippen belt in the structure of the Carpathians processed by the literature was carried out. At the end of the article the researchers compared views on the structure of Foreign Affairs, highlighted the main features of the geological structure and tectonic zoning area.

Some similar features of  rocks composed of Marmarosh klippen belt, namely formational, to a lesser extent, the morphology of the folded and dislocations with a break of continuity history of even-aged species of complexes the Marmarosh zone of rocks is considered as NW continuation of Marmarosh massif that was torn from its substratum in the tectonic evolution of the region. These tectonic elements of different times and different phases of folding, but the final phase of tectonogenesis was manifested are almost simultaneously during the Miocene. MKB is a special category of tectonic structures associated with faults, of considerable length and long stage of development, is so-called near-fracture or suture structures and delineates two different areas with sharply different geological development history, geodynamic conditions of formation, stratified formations, independent tectonic regime. The structure is characteristed by the set of formations – sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic.

As a result of structural and tectonic studies the Marmarosh klippen belt is a consequence of Albian movements where appeared blocky dislocation and Post-Oligocene folding and formation of small intrusive bodies. Modern look of the band was formed in Oligocene time at neotectonic stage of development of the Carpathians. MKB is not correlated with any of the Carpathians area, although it has similarities with some elements, such as Marmarosh massif, but it different by a character of section and especially by peculiarity of the section of the Lower Cretaceous.

One of the conditions for further study of Marmarosh klippen belt is integrated research, including the study of facies changes of the nature of the thickness, more mapping of folded and discontinuous structures, further development of stratigraphic scheme of the area, the analogy of even-aged sediments and similar genesis formations of adjorning the territories both on the – territory and abroad of Ukraine. In this comprehensive analysis the Marmarosh klippen belt may get a proper understanding of its nature and place in the structure of folded Carpathians.

Full Text

Keywords

Marmarosh klippen belt, tectonics, overthrust, landslide, nappe, olistostrome, horst-anticlinorium, magmatism, ophiolite complexes.

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