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ENERGY COMPONENTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND IN UKRAINE

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (189–190) 2023 > 92–112


Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (189–190) 2023, 92–112

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2023.189-190.092

Myroslav PODOLSKY, Dmytro BRYK, Lesia KULCHYTSKA-ZHYHAILO

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: cencon@ukr.net

Abstract

The energy components of sustainable development in the countries of the European Union have been analyzed, in particular according to goal 7 “Affordable and clean energy”, directions of the European Green Deal, taking into consideration synergies and compromises, as well as cross-cutting factors in achieving the specified indicators. It is shown that in 2019, the EU’s energy dependence on energy imports by types of fuel was: oil and oil products – more than 90 %, natural gas – about 80 %, solid fossil fuels – about 40 %. During 2014–2019, the decrease in the use of solid fuels (−4.9 %) was compensated by the increase in the use of renewable energy sources and biofuels (+2 %), as well as by the increase in the use of natural gas (+3.4 %), which could not cause a significant reduction in the share of fossil fuel use and a reduction in emissions of greenhouse gas – carbon dioxide CO2, at the same time the total dependence of EU countries on fuel imports increased from 54.4 to 60.7 % (by 6.3 %), which negatively affects the achievement of energy indicators of sustainable development. In 2019, the total share of renewable energy sources was 19.7 % with an ambitious goal of reaching 32 % in 2030.

The energy components of sustainable development in Ukraine are analyzed. It is shown that, in particular, according to goal 7 “Affordable and clean energy”, the progress of the specified indicators is characterized by a low probability of achievement; in 2019, the share of coal imports in Ukraine was 68.6 %, oil – 76.7 %, natural gas – 45.1 %, and the total share of imports of primary energy resources by 2030 should be reduced to a level of not less than 12 % and the share of energy from renewable sources should reach 17 %.

Based on a comparison of the energy components of sustainable development in the countries of the European Union and in Ukraine, the main requirements for energy indicators and tasks of sustainable development for Ukraine and its regions are proposed. These requirements differ in the addition of energy indicators and tasks of sustainable development in Ukraine with indicators that are monitored in the countries of the European Union and were not used in Ukraine before, as well as the introduction of indicators that take into consideration the energy characteristics of the regions of Ukraine. An adaptive structure of energy tasks and indicators for the regions of Ukraine is proposed.

Keywords

sustainable development goals, energy tasks and indicators, sustainable energy

Referenses

Derzhavna sluzhba statystyky Ukrainy. (2021a). Dobrovilnyi natsionalnyi ohliad shchodo Tsilei staloho rozvytku v Ukraini (2015–2019 rr.). https://ukraine.un.org/index.php/uk/151096-dobrovilnyy-natsionalnyy-ohlyad-shchodo-tsiley-staloho-rozvytku-v-ukrayini [in Ukrainian]

Derzhavna sluzhba statystyky Ukrainy. (2021b). Monitorynhovyi zvit shchodo dosiahnennia Tsilei staloho rozvytku 2020. https://ukraine.un.org/uk/151095-monitorynhovyy-zvit-shchodo-dosyahnennya-tsiley-staloho-rozvytku-2020 [in Ukrainian]

European Commission. (2019). A European Green Deal. https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en

European Commission. (2021). Sustainable development in the European Union Monitoring report on progress towards the SDGs in an EU context 2021 edition. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-flagship-publications/-/ks-03-21-096

Hauke, J., & Kossowski, T. (2011). Comparison of Values of Pearson’s and Spearman’s Correlation Coefficients on the Same Sets of Data. Quaestiones Geographicae, 30(2), 87–93. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10117-011-0021-1

Ministerstvo zakhystu dovkillia ta pryrodnykh resursiv Ukrainy. (2019). Natsionalna dopovid pro stan navkolyshnoho pryrodnoho seredovyshcha v Ukraini. https://mepr.gov.ua/diyalnist/napryamky/ekologichnyj-monitoryng/natsionalni-dopovidi-pro-stan-navkolyshnogo-pryrodnogo-seredovyshha-v-ukrayini/ [in Ukrainian]

NextGenerationEU. (2019). NextGenerationEU. https://europa.eu/next-generation-eu/index_en

Podolskyi, M., & Bryk, D. (2020). Naukovi pidkhody dlia dosiahnennia tsilei staloho rozvytku Ukrainy. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats ΛΌГOΣ, 52–55. https://doi.org/10.36074/20.11.2020.v5.15 [in Ukrainian]

Podolskyi, M., Kulchytska-Zhyhailo, L., & Hvozdevych O. (2020a). Pokaznyky enerhoefektyvnosti v konteksti tsilei staloho rozvytku Ukrainy. Materialy konferentsii MTsND, 27–31. https://doi.org/10.36074/02.10.2020.v1.05 [in Ukrainian]

Podolskyi, M., Kulchytska-Zhyhailo, L., & Hvozdevych, O. (2020b). Struktura ta tekhnolohichni aspekty vykorystannia enerhetychnykh resursiv v krainakh Yevropeiskoho Soiuzu ta v Ukraini. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats ΛΌГOΣ, 52–55. https://doi.org/10.36074/09.10.2020.v2.14 [in Ukrainian]

United Nations Statistics Division. (2021). The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2021. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2021/


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SUBSTANDARD COMBUSTIBLE MINERALS OF UKRAINE AND PRINCIPLES OF THEIR ECOLOGICAL CONVERSION

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (187–188) 2022 > 127–140


Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (187–188) 2022, 127–140.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2022.01-02.127

Dmytro BRYK, Myroslav PODOLSKY, Lesia KULCHYTSKA-ZHYHAILO, Oleh GVOZDEVYCH

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: cencon@ukr.net

Abstract

In the general case, substandard combustible minerals include on-balance and off-balance reserves of primary energy materials – coal and peat deposits (solid combustible minerals) and oil and natural gas deposits (liquid and gaseous combustible minerals), which by physico-chemical, energy or geological-spatial conditions do not meet the economic criteria for extraction and use of traditional technological methods, as well as the potential of methane from coal deposits, arrays of man-made carbon-containing materials such as waste from coal mining, coal beneficiation, refining, etc. Review of the available reserves in terms of the use of modern technologies of environmentally friendly conversion can significantly expand the opportunities for the development of all types of combustible minerals in Ukraine.

The paper considers the geological zoning of oil and gas fields and deposits of solid combustible minerals, as well as their reserves and production. It is shown that the reserves of the main primary energy resources in Ukraine many times exceeds the extraction and has significant opportunities to increase due to the use of substandard combustible minerals.

The principles of ecologically safe conversion of substandard combustible minerals in terrestrial and underground conditions are presented. The importance of energy utilization of methane from coal deposits, arrays of such man-made carbon-containing materials as coal mining waste, coal beneficiation, oil refining, etc. was noted. The main mining-geological and technological criteria that contribute to the development of coal seams by underground gasification are given, as well as deposits and areas of coal basins of Ukraine that are suitable for underground gasification.

Keywords

combustible minerals, coal, gasification, ecological conversion

Referenses

Bryk, D., Hvozdevych, O., Kulchytska-Zhyhailo, L., & Podolskyi, M. (2019). Tekhnohenni vuhlevmisni obiekty Chervonohradskoho hirnychopromyslovoho raionu ta deiaki tekhnichni rishennia yikhnoho vykorystannia. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 4(181), 45–65. https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2019.04.045 [in Ukrainian]

Bryk, D. V., Podolskyi, M. R., & Hvozdevych, O. V. (2014). Fizyko-tekhnichne obgruntuvannia vyrobnytstva syntetychnoho palyva z vuhillia (na prykladi Lvivsko-Volynskoho baseinu). Uglekhimicheskii zhurnal, 4, 69–74. [in Ukrainian]

Bryk, D., Podolskyi, M., Khokha, Yu., Liubchak, O., Kulchytska-Zhyhailo, L., & Hvozdevych, O. (2021). Nekondytsiini vuhletsevmisni horiuchi kopalyny ta sposoby yikhnoho termokhimichnoho pereroblennia. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1–2(183–184), 89–109. https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2021.01-02.089 [in Ukrainian]

Derzhavna sluzhba statystyky Ukrainy. (2020). Palyvno-enerhetychni resursy Ukrainy. Statystychnyi zbirnyk. https://ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/publicat/kat_u/2020/zb/12/Zb_per.pdf [in Ukrainian]

DHP “Zakhidukrheolohiia”, VO “Volynvuhillia”, DKhH “Lvivvuhillia” (2002). Heoloho-promyslova karta Lvivsko-Volynskoho kamianovuhilnoho baseinu. [in Ukrainian]

Falbe, Yu. M. (1980). Khimicheskie veshchestva iz uglya. Moskva: Khimiya. [in Russian]

“Heoinform Ukrainy”. (2020). http://minerals-ua.info/mapviewer/goruchi.php [in Ukrainian]

Ivantsiv, O. Ye., Kukhar, Z. Ya., & Bryk, D. V. (2001). Novi pidkhody do perspektyv pidzemnoi hazyfikatsii vuhilnykh rodovyshch Ukrainy. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 2, 129–134. [in Ukrainian]

Kurovets, I. M., Mykhailov, V. A., Zeikan, O. Yu., Krupskyi, Yu. Z., Hladun, V. V., Chepil, P. M., Hulii, V. M., Kurovets, S. S., Kasianchuk, S. V., Hrytsyk, I. I., & Naumko, I. M. (2014). Netradytsiini dzherela vuhlevodniv Ukrainy: Vol. 1. Netradytsiini dzherela vuhlevodniv: ohliad problemy. Kyiv: Nika-tsentr. [in Ukrainian]

Maistrenko, A. Yu., Dudnik, A. N., & Yatskevich, S. V. (1998). Tekhnologii gazifikatsii uglei dlya parogazovikh ustanovok. Kiev: Znanie. [in Russian]

Podolskyi, M., Bryk, D., Kulchytska-Zhyhailo, L., & Hvozdevych, O. (2021). Vykorystannia horiuchykh kopalyn u konteksti tsilei staloho rozvytku Ukrainy ta hlobalnykh zmin navkolyshnoho seredovyshcha. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 3–4(185–186), 109–125. https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2021.03-04.109 [in Ukrainian]

Savchak, O. (2019). Heoloho-heokhimichni osoblyvosti mihratsii ta formuvannia hazovykh rodovyshch u naftohazonosnykh rehionakh Ukrainy. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1(178), 21–40. https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2019.01.021 [in Ukrainian]

Stefanik, Yu. V. (1990). Geotekhnologiya nekonditsionnikh tverdikh topliv. Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]


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СONSUMPTION OF COMBUSTIBLE MINERALS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE TARGETS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT CHANGES

Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (185–186) 2021 > 109–125


Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (185–186) 2021, 109–125.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2021.03-04.109

Myroslav PODOLSKYY, Dmytro BRYK, Lesia KULCHYTSKA-ZYHAILO, Oleh GVOZDEVYCH

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: cencon@ukr.net

Abstract

An analysis of Ukraine’s sustainable development targets, in particular in the field of energy, resource management and environmental protection, are presented. It is shown that regional energetic is a determining factor for achieving the aims of sustainable development.

Changes in the natural environment in Ukraine due to external (global) and internal (local) factors that are intertwined and overlapped can cause threats to socio-economic development. It is proved that in the areas of mining and industrial activity a multiple increase in emissions of pollutants into the environment are observed.

The comparison confirmed the overall compliance of the structure of consumption of primary energy resources (solid fossil fuels, natural gas, nuclear fuel, oil and petroleum products, renewable energy sources) in Ukraine and in the European Union, shows a steaby trend to reduce the share of solid fuels and natural gas and increasing the shares of energy from renewable sources.

For example, in Ukraine the shares in the production and cost of electricity in 2018 was: the nuclear power plants – 54.33 % and in the cost – 26.60 %, the thermal power – 35.95 and 59.52 %, the renewable energy sources – 9.6 and 13.88 %.

The energy component must be given priority, as it is crucial for achieving of all other goals of sustainable development and harmonization of socio-economic progress.

The paper systematizes the indicators of regional energy efficiency and proposes a dynamic model for the transition to sustainable energy development of the region.

Keywords

combustible minerals, goals of sustainable development, ecology, energy efficiency indicators

Referenses

Barannik, V. O. (2017). Enerhoefektyvnist rehioniv Ukrainy: problemy otsinky ta naiavnyi stan. Dnipro: Instytut stratehichnykh doslidzhen, Rehionalnyi filial u m. Dnipro. [in Ukrainian]

Derzhavna sluzhba statystyky Ukrainy. Enerhetychnyi balans Ukrainy za 2017 rik. http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2012/energ/en_bal/arh_2012.htm [in Ukrainian]

Dosvid krain Yevrosoiuzu z pidvyshchennia enerhoefektyvnosti, enerhoaudytu ta enerhomenedzhmentu z enerhooshchadnosti v ekonomitsi krain. (2017).  Kyiv: DP “NEK Ukrenerho”. http://energy.esco.agency/rubriki-zhurnala/jenergomenedzhment-v-jenergetike/4764/dosvid-krain-ievrosojuzu-z-pidvishhennja-energoefektivnosti-energoauditu-ta-energomenedzhmentu-z-energooshhadnosti-v-ekonomici-krain [in Ukrainian]

Eurostat. (2019). Energy balance sheets – 2017 data: 2019 edition. https://doi.org/10.2785/10223

Holovne upravlinnia statystyky u Lvivskii oblasti. (2019). http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/statbank_lviv/Database/24PRYRODA/databasetree_uk.asp [in Ukrainian]

Libanova, E. M., & Khvesyk, M. A. (Eds.). (2017). Sotsialno-ekonomichnyi potentsial staloho rozvytku Ukrainy ta yii rehioniv: vektory realnoho postupu: natsionalna dopovid. Kyiv: DU IEPSR NAN Ukrainy. [in Ukrainian]

Lvivenerhozbut. (2019). Taryfy. http://lez.com.ua/tariff/ [in Ukrainian]

Ministerstvo ekonomichnoho rozvytku i torhivli Ukrainy. (2017). Tsili staloho rozvytku: Ukraina. Natsionalna dopovid 2017. https://me.gov.ua/Documents/List?lang=uk-UA&id=938d9df1-5e8d-48cc-a007-be5bc60123b8&tag=TSiliStalogoRozvitku [in Ukrainian]

Ministerstvo ekonomiky Ukrainy. (2020). Dobrovilnyi natsionalnyi ohliad shchodo Tsilei staloho rozvytku v Ukraini. https://me.gov.ua/Documents/Detail?lang=uk-UA&id=a0fc2a99-ada3-4a6d-b65b-cb542c3d5b77&title=DobrovilniiNatsionalniiOgliadSchodoTsileiStalogoRozvitkuVUkraini [in Ukrainian]

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Navkolyshnie seredovyshche. (2012). In KOMPAS: Posibnyk z osvity v haluzi prav liudyny za uchasti molodi. https://www.coe.int/uk/web/compass/environment [in Ukrainian]

Podolskyi, M., & Bryk, D. (2020). Naukovi pidkhody dlia dosiahnennia tsilei staloho rozvytku Ukrainy. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats ΛΌГOΣ, 52–55. https://doi.org/10.36074/20.11.2020.v5.15  [in Ukrainian]

Podolskyi, M., Kulchytska-Zhyhailo, L., & Hvozdevych, O. (2020a). Pokaznyky enerhoefektyvnosti v konteksti tsilei staloho rozvytku Ukrainy. Materialy konferentsii MTsND, 27–31. https://doi.org/10.36074/02.10.2020.v1.05 [in Ukrainian]

Podolskyi, M., Kulchytska-Zhyhailo, L., & Hvozdevych, O. (2020b). Struktura ta tekhnolohichni aspekty vykorystannia enerhetychnykh resursiv v krainakh Yevropeiskoho Soiuzu ta v Ukraini. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats ΛΌГOΣ, 52–55. https://doi.org/10.36074/09.10.2020.v2.14 [in Ukrainian]


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SUBSTANDARD CARBON-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS AND METHODS OF THEIR THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSING

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (183–184) 2021 > 89–109


Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (183–184) 2021, 89–109.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2021.01-02.089

Dmytro BRYK, Myroslav PODOLSKYY, Yury KHOKHA, Oleksandr LYUBCHAK, Lesia KULCHYTSKA-ZHYHAYLO, Oleh GVOZDEVYCH

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, e-mail: cencon@ukr.net

Abstract

The analysis of the structure of consumption of primary energy resources in the world and in Ukraine are carried out. It is shown that in recent decades the share of coal is stable at 25–30 % and does not show a tendency to decrease. Similar patterns are observed in Ukraine too. It is established that in Ukraine the energy potential of reserves of substandard carbon-containing raw materials is commensurate with the deposits of conditioned coal and can be used to increase the country’s energy security. At the same time, the deterioration of environmental indicators in the world and in Ukraine requires an increase in the level of environmental safety in the use of carbon-containing raw materials and appropriate environmental modernization of its thermochemical conversion methods.

The paper reviews the methods of thermochemical processing of substandard carbon-containing raw materials (pyrolysis and coking, hydrogenation, gasification) and shows that the gasification process, which allows processing of various substandard fuel resources in terrestrial and underground conditions, is the most promising for environmental safety use. It is shown that developed terrestrial gasification methods are characterized by insufficient productivity of gas generators, significant capital costs for their installation and negative impact on the environment. In addition, terrestrial processing of low-quality coal is not a waste-free technology and does not solve the problem of “secondary” gasification residues recycling . Some of these shortcomings can be eliminated by using the method of underground gasification, in which there is no need to extract coal to the surface, and secondary waste remains underground.

Keywords

energy resources, carbon-containing raw materials, coal, environmental conversion.

Referenses

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