Category: Geochemistry

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ON THE REGULARITY OF NATURAL PROCESSES OF SYNTHESIS AND GENESIS HYDROCARBONS AND WATER OF OIL AND GAS FIELDS: ABIOGENIC-BIOGENIC DUALISM

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (189–190) 2023 > 81–91

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (189–190) 2023, 81–91

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2023.189-190.081

Yosyp SVOREN’

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

It is shown that the problem of the nature of water in oil and gas fields must be solved in an inextricable connection with the genesis and synthesis of natural hydrocarbons in the Earth’s bowels. The work offers an original solution, based on a new theory of the synthesis and genesis of hydrocarbons (oil, gas, etc.): abiogenic-biogenic dualism, which asserts that giant and supergiant oil and gas fields were formed from inorganic and organic original hydrocarbon-containing substances under the influence of abiogenic high-thermobaric deep fluid in harsh physical, physicochemical and geological conditions of the earth’s crust. Since the abiogenic high-thermobaric deep fluid contains hydrogen H+ and OH-containing anions, the described mechanism for the interaction of positively charged ions: C+, H+, CnHm+-radicals with the formation-synthesis of a complex hydrocarbon mixture such as gas, oil, bitumen, etc. must be logically supplemented by a reaction: Н2О → Н+ + ОН−. As a result of this complex physical and chemical process, the maximum concentration of (OH−) anions accumulated in the oxidation zone, which after the disappearance of the electric field become neutral and interact with each other according to the scheme: ОН + ОН = Н2О2 – hydrogen peroxide, which is an unstable compound, which decomposes into Н2О + О. Oxygen atoms became the starting substances for the formation of macro- and microcracks in these cavities under harsh conditions of rocks of the carbonate or quartz-carbonate type, etc., much less often – perfect mineral crystals, which with their defects in the process of growth (synthesis) captivate and preserve substances in the system (proper hydrocarbons and water). Тherefore, it was established for the first time that the natural water of oil and gas fields has a dual lithospheric-asthenospheric nature, while the lithospheric part is dominant, the isotopic composition is a mixture of these waters, and the deuterium isotope is more chemically active in complex physical and chemical processes, which run through the bowels of the planet. The obtained original data will contribute to the solution of Ukraine’s serious problem with energy carriers: natural gas, oil, coal and drinking water.

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Keywords

fluid inclusions, hydrocarbons, drinking water, energy carriers, oil and gas industry, fundamental science, scientific discoveries

Referenses

Bratus, M. D., Davydenko, M. M., Zinchuk, I. M., Kaliuzhnyi, V. A., Matviienko, O. D., Naumko, I. M., Pirozhyk, N. E., Redko, L. R., & Svoren, Y. M. (1994). Fliuidnyi rezhym mineraloutvorennia v litosferi (v zviazku z prohnozuvanniam korysnykh kopalyn). Kyiv: Naukova dumka. [in Ukrainian]

Dolenko, G. N. (1975). Sovremennoye sostoyaniye problemy proiskhozhdeniya nefti i gaza i formirovaniya ikh promyshlennykh zalezhey. In Zakonomernosti obrazovaniya i razmeshcheniya promyshlennykh mestorozhdeniy nefti i gaza (pp. 3–17). Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]

Naumko, I. M. (2006). Fliuidnyi rezhym mineralohenezu porodno-rudnykh kompleksiv Ukrainy (za vkliuchenniamy u mineralakh typovykh parahenezysiv) [Extended abstract of Doctorʼs thesis]. Instytut heolohii i heokhimii horiuchykh kopalyn NAN Ukrainy. Lviv. [in Ukrainian]

Naumko, I., & Svoren, Y. (2021). Innovatsiini tekhnolohii poshukiv korysnykh kopalyn, osnovani na doslidzhenniakh fliuidnykh vkliuchen u mineralakh. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 3–4(185–186), 92–108. https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2021.03-04.092 [in Ukrainian]

Pavliuk, I., Naumko, I., & Stefanyk, Yu. (2007, December 13). Heolohy-naukovtsi proty metanu-vbyvtsi. U Lvovi na Naukovii taky ye nauka. Ukraina i Chas, 50(286), 7.

Svoren, Y. M. (1975). Istochniki uglerodsoderzhashchikh gazov vklyucheniy. In Uglerod i ego soyedineniya v endogennykh protsessakh mineraloobrazovaniya (po dannym izucheniya flyuidnykh vklyucheniy v mineralakh): tezisy Respublikanskogo soveshchaniya (Lvov, sentyabr 1975 g.) (pp. 104–106). Lvov. [in Russian]

Svoren, I. M. (1984). Primesi gazov v kristallakh mineralov i drugikh tverdykh telakh, ikh sposoby izvlecheniya, sostav, forma nakhozhdeniya i vliyaniye na svoystva veshchestv [Extended abstract of Candidateʼs thesis]. Institut geologii i geokhimii goryuchikh iskopayemykh AN USSR. Lvov. [in Russian]

Svoren. I. M. (1988). Formy nakhozhdeniya vodoroda v nekotorykh tverdykh materialakh razlichnogo proiskhozhdeniya soglasno fiziko-khimicheskoy modeli navodorozhivaniya tverdykh tel. In Geokhimiya i termobarometriya endogennykh flyuidov (pp. 95–103). Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]

Svoren, Y. M. (1992). Pytannia teorii henezysu pryrodnykh vuhlevodniv ta shliakhy poshuku yikh pokladiv. In Tektohenez i naftohazonosnist nadr Ukrainy (pp. 143–145). Lviv. [in Ukrainian]

Svoren, Y. (2011). Nadra Zemli – pryrodnyi fizyko-khimichnyi reaktor: izotopy vuhletsiu pro pokhodzhennia planety Zemlia. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1–2(154–155), 158–159. [in Ukrainian]

Svoren, Y. (2018). Vlastyvist hlybynnoho abiohennoho metanovmisnoho vysokotermobarnoho fliuidu utvoriuvaty vuhillia. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 3–4(176–177), 105–109. [in Ukrainian]

Svoren, Y. (2019). Nadra Zemli – pryrodnyi fizyko-khimichnyi reaktor: rizna khimichna vlastyvist izotopiv vuhletsiu u pryrodnykh protsesakh syntezu riznykh spoluk. In Problemy heolohii fanerozoiu Ukrainy: materialy X Vseukrainskoi naukovoi konferentsii (do 95-richchia kafedry istorychnoi heolohii ta paleontolohii i 120-richchia vid narodzhennia Severyna Ivanovycha Pasternaka (Lviv, 9–11 zhovtnia 2019 r.) (pp. 64–67). Lviv: LNU imeni Ivana Franka. [in Ukrainian]

Svoren, Y. (2020a). Nadra Zemli – pryrodnyi fizyko-khimichnyi reaktor: pryroda vody naftovykh i hazovykh rodovyshch. In Naftohazova haluz: Perspektyvy naroshchuvannia resursnoi bazy: materialy dopovidei Mizhnarodnoi naukovo-tekhnichnoi konferentsii (Ivano-Frankivsk, 8–9 hrudnia 2020 r.) (pp. 158–160). Ivano-Frankivsk: IFNTUNH. [in Ukrainian]

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Svoren, Y. M., & Davydenko, M. M. (1995). Termobarometriia i heokhimiia haziv prozhylkovo-vkraplenoi mineralizatsii u vidkladakh naftohazonosnykh oblastei i metalohenichnykh provintsii. Dopovidi NAN Ukrainy, 9, 72–73. [in Ukrainian]

Svoren, Y. M., Davydenko, M. M., Haievskyi, V. H., Krupskyi, Yu. Z., & Pelypchak, B. P. (1994). Perspektyvy termobarometrii i heokhimii haziv prozhylkovo-vkraplenoi mineralizatsii u vidkladakh naftohazonosnykh oblastei i metalohenichnykh provintsii. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 3–4(88–89), 54–63. [in Ukrainian]

Svoren, Y. M., & Naumko, I. M. (2003). Nova teoriia syntezu i henezysu vuhlevodniv u litosferi Zemli: abiohenno-biohennyi dualizm. In Mezhdunarodnaya konferentsiya “Krym–2003” (pp. 75–77). Simferopol. [in Ukrainian]

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FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF MINERAL FLUIDOLOGY IN THE WORKS OF PROFESSOR VOLODYMYR ANTONOVYCH KALYUZHNYI (based on the materials of the Memorial Academy on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the birth)

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (189–190) 2023 > 66–80

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (189–190) 2023, 66–80

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2023.189-190.066

Ihor NAUMKO1, Myroslav PAVLYUK1, Oleh ZYNYUK2, Anatoliy GALAMAY1, Myroslavа YAKOVENKO1, Zoryana MATVIISHYN1

1 Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua
2 Western Scientific Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, е-mail: zynyuk@ukr.net

Abstract

The fundamental problems and achievements of mineralofluidology in the works of the outstanding Ukrainian scientist-geologist, mineralogist-geochemist, laureate of the State Prize of Ukraine in the field of science and technology, laureate of the International Gold Medal named after the outstanding English researcher of fluid inclusions H. C. Sorby (the H. C. Sorby medal), recipient of the State Scholarship for Outstanding Scientists of Ukraine, Doctor of Sciences (Geology, Mineralogy), Professor Volodymyr Antonovych Kalyuzhnyі – one of the founders of the fundamental science on fluid inclusions, the creator of the world-famous scientific school of geochemistry and thermobarometry of mineral-forming fluids are discussed. The Memorial Academy on the occasion of celebrating a significant date – the 100th anniversary of the birth of Volodymyr Kalyuzhnyі was held on October 25, 2022, at the Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals (IGGCM) of the NAS of Ukraine within the framework of the Department of Earth Sciences of the NAS of Ukraine at the visiting meeting of the Earth Sciences Section of the Western Science Center (WSC) of the NAS of Ukraine and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. Members of the Council and Executive Committee of the WSC, employees of the Institute and neighboring scientific institutions took part in its work. Head of the Institute, Аcademician of the NAS of Ukraine Myroslav Pavlyuk opened the Memorial Academy with an opening speech, greetings from the WSC of the NAS of Ukraine and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine were delivered by the deputy head of the WSC, director of the WSC, PhD (Тechnic), Аssociate Рrofessor Oleh Zynyuk. Scientific reports were given by: Head of the Department of Geochemistry of Deep Fluids of the Institute, Corresponding Member of the NAS of Ukraine Ihor Naumko and Head of the Department of Geochemistry of Sedimentary Strata of Oil and Gas-bearing provinces, PhD (Geology), Senior Research Fellow Anatoliy Galamay. Scientific Secretary of the Institute, PhD (Geology), Senior Researcher Myroslava Yakovenko read the greetings that were sent or personally delivered to Members of the Organizing Committee and participants of the Memorial Academy. Warm memories of Volodymyr Kalyuzhny were shared by his son Yuriy, Myroslav Bratus, and Myroslav Pavlyuk. The apotheosis of a worthy commemoration and celebration of a significant date – the 100th anniversary of the birth of an outstanding Scientist, Teacher, Patriot, Citizen, and Man being were the prophetic words: “We remember, they will remember us too! Ukraine is and will be!”

Full Text

Keywords

Volodymyr Antonovych Kalyuzhnyі, outstanding scientist, thermobarogeochemistry, mineralofluidology, fluid inclusions research

Referenses

Bratus, M. D., Davydenko, M. M., Zinchuk, I. M., Kaliuzhnyi, V. A., Matviienko, O. D., Naumko, I. M., Pirozhyk, N. E., Redko, L. R., & Svoren Y. M. (1994). Fliuidnyi rezhym mineraloutvorennia v litosferi (v zviazku z prohnozuvanniam korysnykh kopalyn). Kyiv: Naukova dumka. [in Ukrainian]

Ermakov, N. P., & Dolgov, Yu. A. (1979). Termobarogeokhimiya. Moskva: Nedra. [in Russian]

Kaliuzhnyi, V. A. (1960). Metody vyvchennia bahatofazovykh vkliuchen u mineralakh. Kyiv: Vydavnytstvo AN URSR. [in Ukrainian]

Kaliuzhnyi, V. A. (Ed.). (1971). Mineraloutvoriuiuchi fliuidy ta parahenezysy mineraliv pehmatytiv zanoryshevoho typu Ukrainy (ridki vkliuchennia, termobarometriia, heokhimiia). Kyiv: Naukova dumka. [in Ukrainian]

Kalyuzhnyy, V. A. (1982). Osnovy ucheniya o mineraloobrazuyushchikh flyuidakh. Kiev: Naukova dumka. (English translation: Kalyuzhnyi, V. A. (1985). Principles of knowledge about mineral forming fluids. In Fluid Inclusions Research: Proceedings of COFFI (Vol. 15, pp. 289–333; Vol. 16, pp. 306–320). [in Russian]

Kolodii, V. V., Boiko, H. Yu., Boichevska, L. T., Bratus, M. D., Velychko, N. Z., Harasymchuk, V. Yu., Hnylko, O. M., Danysh, V. V., Dudok, I. V., Zubko, O. S., Kaliuzhnyi, V. A., Kovalyshyn, Z. I., Koltun, Yu. V., Kopach, I. P., Krupskyi, Yu. Z., Osadchyi, V. H., Kurovets, I. M., Lyzun, S. O., Naumko, I. M., . . . Shcherba, O. S. (2004). Karpatska naftohazonosna provintsiia. Lviv; Kyiv: Ukrainskyi vydavnychyi tsentr. [in Ukrainian]

Matkovskyi, O., Naumko, I., Pavlun, M., & Slyvko, Ye. (2021). Termobaroheokhimiia v Ukraini. Lviv: Prostir-M. [in Ukrainian]

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Sorby, H. C. (1858). On the Microscopic, Structure of Crystals, Indicating the Origin of Minerals and Rocks. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 14(1), 453–500. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1858.014.01-02.44

Vynar, O. M., Kaliuzhnyi, V. A., Naumko, I. M., & Matviienko, O. D. (1987). Mineraloutvoriuiuchi fliuidy postmahmatychnykh utvoren hranitoidiv Ukrainskoho shchyta. Kyiv: Naukova dumka. [in Ukrainian]

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THERMOMETRICAL STUDIES OF FLUID INCLUSIONS IN THE BADENIAN HALITE OF THE CARPATHIAN REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF DETERMINING THE DEPTH OF THE SALT BASIN

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (189–190) 2023 > 54–65

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (189–190) 2023, 54–65

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2023.189-190.054

Anatoliy GALAMAY, Ihor ZINCHUK, Daria SYDOR

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: galamaytolik@ukr.net

Abstract

It was established that in order to avoid errors in the interpretation of paleotectonic conditions of salt formation based on fluid inclusions in halite, the primary stage of the research should be the genetic identification of the sedimentation textures of halite and fluid inclusions in this mineral. For the thermometric study of inclusions and to determine the depth of the sedimentation basin based on the obtained data, only thermal test chambers are suitable which provide the possibility of observing groups of inclusions in different zones of sedimentary halite, as, for example, in the micro thermal test chamber designed by Prof. V. A. Kalyuzhny.

In the course of the research, the equipment of the thermometric method, which is based on the use of a microthermal test chamber designed by V. A. Kalyuzhny, was modernized. In particular, the material of the thermal chamber (stainless steel) was replaced with copper, which made it possible to avoid excessive thermal gradients into chamber and to increase the permissible heating rate by 20 times due to the higher thermal conductivity of copper. For the same purpose, the glass optical windows of the camera were replaced with leukosapphire windows, which have a much higher thermal conductivity. The measuring system of the installation is made on a miniature platinum resistance thermometer with an electronic measuring unit. These improvements made it possible to achieve high system stability and good reproducibility of measurement results.

Using the thermometric method, it was established that the temperature of sedimentation at the bottom of the Badenian salt basin of the Carpathian region was 19.5–20.5; 20.0–22.0; 24.0–26.0 °C, and on the surface of the brine was 34.0–36.0 °C. On this basis, a model of the basin with a pronounced thermocline and a total thickness of the water column of up to 30 meters was built, which is the most likely to establish the features of sedimentation. Crystallization of halite at different depths in basins with a thermocline can explain the presence of so-called “low-temperature” (24.0–25.0 °C) and “high-temperature” (37.8–42.6 °C) bottom halite in a number of ancient salt-bearing basins.

Full Text

Keywords

halite, fluid inclusions, thermometric method, thermal chamber, homogenization temperature

Referenses

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Galamay, A. R., Meng, F., Bukowski, K., Lyubchak, A., Zhang, Y., & Ni, P. (2019). Calculation of salt basin depth using fluid inclusions in halite from the Ordovician Ordos Basin in China. Geological Quarterly, 63(3), 619–628. https://doi.org/10.7306/gq.1490

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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE PRECURSOR COMPOUNDS AND MECHANISMS OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES FORMATION AT THE POST-SEDIMENTATION STAGE OF THE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS EVOLUTION

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (189–190) 2023 > 41–53

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (189–190) 2023, 41–53

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2023.189-190.041

Yurii KHOKHA, Myroslava YAKOVENKO, Oksana SENIV

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: khoha_yury@ukr.net; myroslavakoshil@ukr.net

Abstract

The publication is a review that presents in a concise form information about the chemical composition of living matter components and the mechanisms of their transformations, the result of which is the geopolymers formation. Among geopolymers, humic substances, including humic and fulvic acids, attract our attention. The relevance of this review lies in the importance of understanding multidirectional reactions, the result of which is the secondary polymerization of organic matter chemically active components that have passed the biodegradation barrier at the stage of sedimentation and diagenetic transformations. Humic substances, in their turn, are precursors of kerogen, therefore, an understanding of reaction mechanisms and their products provides complete information about the conditions of various types of kerogen formation, which are characterized by different ability to produce oil and gas. We paid special attention to polyphenols, which have high chemical activity and the ability to react with increasing molecular weight. In addition to the traditional Maillard reaction, among the condensation mechanisms we considered oxidative crosslinking of phenols, oxidative condensation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and esterification of fatty acids with phenols. For each mechanism, the conditions for its implementation and probable contribution to the formation of humic substances are briefly considered. Analysis of probable mechanisms of formation of humic substances showed that condensation reactions can occur under geochemical conditions of sedimentation and early diagenesis. At the same time, their speeds are low, and the precursors necessary for the reactions, formed as a result of biological degradation, are contained in very small concentrations. We conclude that kerogen contains two components – primary, which enters its structure without any significant changes, and secondary, which is the result of a series of complex multidirectional reactions.

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Keywords

organic geochemistry, polycondensation, humic substances, depolymerization, kerogen evolution

Referenses

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NON-ORE MINERALS OF VEINLET-IMPREGNATED MINERALIZATION IN THE DEPOSITS OF THE KROSNO ZONE OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS (district of the new Beskydy railway tunnel)

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (187–188) 2022 > 103–114

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (187–188) 2022, 103–114.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2022.01-02.103

Ihor NAUMKO1, Halyna ZANKOVYCH1, Oksana KOКHAN1, Olexandеr VOVK2, Yaroslav KUZEMKO1, Bohdan SAКHNO1, Roman SERKIZ3

1 Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua
2 Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Lutsk, Ukraine, е-mail: geologygeochemistry@gmail.com
3 Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine, е-mail: rserkiz@gmail.com

Abstract

The construction of the new Beskydy railway tunnel, which revealed the indigenous deposits of the Krosno formation of the Ukrainian Carpathians, provided an opportunity to obtain new results from the study of another prospective oil and gas-bearing areas of the flysch formation within the Krosno structural-facies unit. There is a second tunnel in length in Ukraine and passes under the Verkhovyna watershed ridge of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Its section is represented by the rocks of the Krosno formation, namely the stratification of sandstones, argillites and silt stones. There are two fracture zones have been indentified here, in which developed veinle-impregnated mineralization of ore (sulfides) and non-ore (calcite and quartz type of the “Marmarosh diamonds”) minerals. Calcite and quartz formas monominerals veins and in paragenesis calcite-quartz type of the “Marmarosh diamonds” ‒ sulfides. Quartz occurs in the form of splice sand well-faceted crystals, transparent, in yellow, brown, black, green colour. Calcite of a milky, translucent colour in the form of veins, veinlets, impregnation, powder on quartz, druz. Contains significant impurities of magnesium, manganese and iron which means the presence of a rhodochrosite-magnesite-siderite component. Hydrocarbon fluids are present in all calcite and quartz crystals of the “Marmarosh diamonds” type. By chemical composition, it is methane with impurities of higher hydrocarbons (up to hexane). Sometimes the manifestations of the outflow of a black substance with the smell of oil from the cracks in the veinlet-impregnated mineralization are recorded studied rock complexes of the flysch formation of the Krosno zone of the Ukrainian Carpathians (construction area of the new branch of the Beskydy railway tunnel), which acquires an important genetic significance.

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Keywords

veinlet-impregnated mineralization, calcite, “Marmarosh diamonds”, new Beskydy railway tunnel, Krosno zone, Ukrainian Carpathians

Referenses

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INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES OF THE PROSPECTING FOR MINERAL DEPOSITS BASED ON DATA OF FLUID INCLUSIONS RESEARCH

Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (185–186) 2021 > 92–108

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (185–186) 2021, 92–108.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2021.03-04.092

Ihor NAUMKO, Yosyp SVOREN

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

The innovative approach to the development of prospective technologies (methods) was substantiated on crystallogenic and physicochemical principles of the knowledge of mineral forming environments (fluids) (thermobarogeochemistry – mineralofluidology – fluid inclusions) as a new branch of geological knowledge within the framework of the new scientific direction in the geology – “thermobarometry and geochemistry of gases of veinlet-impregnated mineralization in deposits of oil- and gas-bearing areas and metallogenic provinces” as a natural phenomenon of the Earth’s lithosphere. According to him, the creation of radically new technologies and realization of prospecting for mineral deposits (first of all hydrocarbons and gold) simultaneously with the elucidation of the problem of genesis and synthesis of hydrocarbons at the atomic-molecular level fixed by such defects in the mineral crystals as fluid inclusions. Developed technologies, namely: determination of genesis of hydrocarbon gases; determination of prospects of oil and gas presence of a local area; local forecast of enriched areas of gold ore fields; express determination of potassium ions in inclusions for identification of gold-enriched and barren veinlet formations, – belong to the branch of the exploration geology and geochemistry and are used to ascertain genetic guestions, to solve tasks of the mineralogical-geochemical prediction and prospecting for mineral deposits in the local structures of oil- and gas-bearing areas and metallogenic provinces. The comparison of fluid inclusions of veinlets and host rocks based on the sections of a number of wells has shown the considerable possibilities of the developed technologies and prospects of the usage of thermobarogeochemical-mineralofluidological indicators in the complex with the geochemical and geophysical (petrophysical) methods, data of geological survey, deep-seated drilling while predicting hydrocarbon deposits in the local structures of the sedimentary strata promising for oil and gas and making necessary amendments in the directions of the following geological-prospecting works.

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Keywords

innovative technologies, fluid inclusions, geochemistry, thermobarometry, fluids, hydrocarbons, gold, mineral-ore-naphthidogenesis, Earth’s lithosphere

Referenses

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GEOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF EURASIAN EVAPORITES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF SEAWATER IN PHANEROZOIC

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (183–184) 2021 > 110–129

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (183–184) 2021, 110–129.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2021.01-02.110

Аnatoliy GALAMAY, Andriy POBEREZHSKYY, Sofiya HRYNIV, Serhiy VOVNYUK, Dariya SYDOR, Iaroslava IAREMCHUK, Sofiya MAKSYMUK, Oksana OLIYOVYCH-HLADKA, Lyudmila BILYK

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

Studies of evaporites provide new data to characterize the seawater chemistry in the Early Paleozoic and Middle Mesozoic. In particular, we studied the fluid inclusions in halite from Ordovician (China) and Cretaceous (Laos) evaporites. The corresponding sections on the plot of Ca/SO4 oscillations curve in the Phanerozoic seawater are updated. The calcium content in seawater concentrated to halite precipitation stage was 45.6 mol %, 485 million years ago and 24.3 mol % 112.2–93.5 million years ago.

By analyzing the previously published and new factual material, it is established that in Permian evaporites the sulfur isotopic composition is inversely correlated with the sulfate ion content in evaporite basin brines. Thus, the evolution of seawater chemistry in Permian is confirmed by the evolution of the isotopic composition of dissolved seawater sulfate.

According to the generalization of 38 Phanerozoic marine evaporite formations, it was found that the peculiarities of the clay minerals associations correlate with the change of the seawater chemical type. Clay minerals associations precipitated from the SO4-rich seawater are characterized by a larger set of minerals, among which smectite and mixed- layered minerals often occur; Mg-rich clay minerals (corensite, paligorskite, sepiolite, talc) also occur. Instead, in the associations of evaporite clay minerals formed from the Ca-rich seawater are represented by the smaller amount of minerals, and Mg-rich minerals are extremely rare. The increased content of magnesium in seawater of SO4-rich type is the main factor in the formation of Mg-rich silicates in evaporites.

The composition of clay minerals associations depends on the evaporate basin brine concentration; with its increase, unstable minerals are transformed, which theoretically leads to a decrease in the number of minerals in the associations. However, it was found that evaporite deposits of higher stages of brine concentration often still contain unstable clay minerals – products of incomplete transformation of a significant amount of pyroclastic material from coeval volcanic activity.

The main factor determining the composition of clay minerals associations of Phanerozoic evaporites was the seawater (and basin brines) chemical type.

Geochemical studies of scattered organic matter and fluid inclusions with hydrocarbon phase in evaporites of the Upper Pechora Basin (overlying oil and gas deposits) indicate the presence of allochthonous bitumoids and allow to use this method to predict oil and gas potential of other areas. Analysis of the results of oil and gas exploration in a number of areas of the Transcarpathian Trough indicates the presence of fluid-saturated reservoirs and the prospects for the discovery of new accumulations of hydrocarbons. Geochemical studies proved the effectiveness of gas-flow survey method for oil and gas exploration, assessing the prospects for fluid saturation of seismic structures.

Full Text

Keywords

fluid inclusions, halit, salt Basin, seawater.

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GEOCHEMISTRY Of FLUIDS: INNOVATIVE SOLUTION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEM

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (183–184) 2021 > 130–148

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (183–184) 2021, 130–148.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2021.01-02.130

Josyp SVOREN

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

First of all, has developed a reliable mass spectrometric method for studying fluid inclusions in minerals (on the basis of the author’s certificate of the USSR No. 454446 of 1974 for the invention of the “device for cleaning the content inclusions of solid materials”). Were created and published new scientific directions: 1. Thermobarometry and geochemistry of gases of veinlet-impregnated mineralization in sediments of oil and gas regions and metallogenic provinces. 2. Bowels of the Earth – natural physicochemical reactor. Was developed a “method (technology) for determining the prospects of oil and gas bearing of the local area” and “a method (technology) of local forecasting of enriched areas of gold-ore fields” (together with M. M. Davydenko). Was established unknown before, but objectively existing phenomenon of the material world: 1) “lack of molecular hydrogen in inclusions in minerals in the bowels of the planet Earth” (together with V. A. Kaliuzhny). Independently were established: 2) previously unknown “property of deep abiogenic methane-termobar high-temperature fluid decompose-convert natural organic residues into layers of coal with their simultaneous methane saturation and its conservation in the earth’s crust of the planet Earth”; 3) previously unknown natural “phenomenon of arbitrary formation of natural carbon methane in the coal layers of the earth’s crust of the planet Earth under the influence of abiogenic methane-containing high-temperature fluid with their conservation in them”; 4) previously unknown different chemical properties of carbon isotopes in natural processes of synthesis-formation of various carbon-containing compounds …; 5) “previously unknown pattern of natural processes of synthesis of perfect diamond crystals from astenospheric carbon dioxide ions…”. Was justified “a new way to determine the calorification of natural gas supplied to consumers and its cubic-metre barometry”.

Full Text

Keywords

geochemistry, fluid inclusions, veinlet-impregnated mineralization, deep abiogenic methane-bearing high-termobaric fluid, searches, new technologies, cubic-metre-barometry, scientific discovery.

Referenses

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Naumko, I. M., Bekesha, S. M., & Svoren, Y. M. (2008). Fliuidy hlybynnykh horyzontiv litosfery: zviazok z rodovyshchamy nafty i hazu u zemnii kori (za danymy vyvchennia vkliuchen u mineralakh hlybynnoho pokhodzhennia). Dopovidi Natsionalnoi akademii nauk Ukrainy, 8, 117–120. [in Ukrainian]

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Naumko, I., Kaliuzhnyi, V., Bratus, M., Zinchuk, I., Kovalyshyn, Z., Matviienko, O., Redko, L., & Svoren, Y. (2000). Uchennia pro mineralotvorni fliuidy: priorytetni zavdannia rozvytku na suchasnomu etapi. Mineralohichnyi zbirnyk, 50(2), 22–30. [in Ukrainian]

Naumko, I., Pavliuk, M., & Poberezhskyi, A. (2020). Heokhimiia i termobarometriia mineraloutvoriuvalnykh fliuidiv ta termobaroheokhimiia evaporytiv – vsesvitno vidomi naukovi shkoly. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1(182), 62–75. https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2020.01.062 [in Ukrainian]

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Pavlyshyn, V. I., Bondarenko, S. M., Bryk, O. B., Vozniak, D. K., Yelchenko, K. O., Kalinichenko, A. M., Kvasnytsia, V. M., Kulchytska, H. O., Lupashko, T. M., Naumko, I. M., Semenenko, V. P., Taran, M. M., Tarashchan, A. M., Khomenko, V. M., & Chernysh, D. S. (2018). Mineralohiia u Natsionalnii akademii nauk Ukrainy (do 100-richchia NAN Ukrainy). Mineralohichnyi zhurnal, 40(3), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.40.03.003 [in Ukrainian]

Svoren’, I. M. (1974). Ustroistvo dlya ochistki soderzhimogo vklyuchenii tverdykh materialov (Avtorskoe svidetel’stvo SSSR № 454446). Byulleten’, 47. [in Russian]

Svoren’, I. M. (1984). Primesi gazov v kristallakh mineralov i drugikh tverdykh telakh, ikh sposoby izvlecheniya, sostav, forma nakhozhdeniya i vliyanie na svoistva veshchestv [Extended abstract of сandidateʼs thesis]. Institut geologii i geokhimii goryuchikh iskopaemykh AN USSR. L’vov. [in Russian]

Svoren, Y. M. (1992). Pytannia teorii henezysu pryrodnykh vuhlevodniv ta shliakhy poshuku yikh pokladiv. In Tektohenez i naftohazonosnist nadr Ukrainy: tezy dopovidei naukovoi narady (20–22 zhovtnia 1992 r.) (pp. 143–145). Lviv. [in Ukrainian]

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Svoren, Y. (2017a). Nadra Zemli – pryrodnyi fizyko-khimichnyi reaktor: pryrodnyi vuhlevodnevyi fenomen. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1–2(170–171), 157–160. [in Ukrainian]

Svoren, Y. (2017b). Yavyshche utvorennia pryrodnykh vuhlemetaniv pid diieiu abiohennoho metanovmistnoho vysokotermobarnoho hlybynnoho fliuidu. In Heolohiia horiuchykh kopalyn: dosiahnennia ta perspektyvy: materialy II Mizhnarodnoi naukovoi konferentsii (Kyiv, 6–8 veresnia 2017 r.) (pp. 225–229). Kyiv. [in Ukrainian]

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Svoren, Y. (2019b). Pro novyi pidkhid do vyznachennia teplotvornosti pryrodnoho hazu, yakyi postachaiut spozhyvacham ta yoho kubometrobarometriiu. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 2(179), 84–89. https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2019.02.084 [in Ukrainian]

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CLAY MINERALS FROM ROCK SALT OF BAHADUR KHEL FORMATION, EOCENE, PAKISTAN

Home > Archive > No. 1 (182) 2020 > 87-100

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1 (182) 2020, 87-100.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2020.01.087

Yaroslava YAREMCHUK, Serhiy VOVNYUK

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, е-mail: slava.yaremchuk@gmail.com

Mohammad TARIQ

Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Quetta, Pakistan

Abstract

According to studies of the pelitic fraction of the water-insoluble residue of 10 samples of Eocene rock salt of the Bahadur Khel Formation (Pakistan), it was determined that the clay minerals association contains swelling chlorite, chlorite-smectite, illite and kaolinite; chlorite was identified in three samples. Non-clay minerals are represented by quartz, dolomite, less often – magnesite; one sample contains impurities of both carbonates. Swelling chlorite, chlorite and mixed-layer minerals are trioctahedral, and illite and kaolinite are dioctahedral. All identified clay minerals, with the exception of kaolinite, are authigenic.

The presence of swelling chlorite in Eocene rock salt is probably caused by changes in the concentration of brines in the basin against the background of complex geological processes of this era (climate change from thermal maximum to global cooling, changes in water circulation in oceans, changes in isotopic composition of carbonates).

The association of clay minerals of Eocene rock salt, taking into account the peculiarities of its composition and the presence of swelling chlorite in it, we attributed to that formed during the SO4-rich seawater chemical type. This is also confirmed by two finds of swelling chlorite in the Triassic evaporites (rock salt of the Western Moroccan Basin, Midland marl) described in the literature, which are known to have been deposited from SO4-rich seawater.

The presence of kaolinite in almost all samples is caused by its largest accumulation in sediments of this time period – terrigenous kaolinite came in large quantities from dry land and did not transform even at the stage halite precipitation.

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Keywords

clay minerals, swelling chlorite, rock salt, Eocene, Bahadur Khel Salt, Pakistan.

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GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF RIVER AND GROUND WATERS (OUTER ZONE OF THE PRECARPATHIAN DEEP)

Home > Archive > No. 1 (182) 2020 > 76-86

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1 (182) 2020, 76-86.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2020.01.076

Maria KOST’, Halyna MEDVID, Vasyl HARASYMCHUK,Olga TELEGUZ, Iryna SAKHNYUK, Orysia MAYKUT

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

Geochemical peculiarities of river and groundwaters of the Outer zone of the Precarpathian deep have been established. It is revealed that the main feature of the distribution of salt composition indicators in the Dniester River and its influxes is hydrochemical zonality, which does not depend on the flow direction of the rivers, but is consistent with the physics-geographical and geological features of the area to which the man-made factor is imposed.

There is an increase in concentrations of sulfate, calcium in the left bank confluent of the river Shchyrka. The waters from the Tysmenytsya, Kolodnitsa and Dniester rivers in the village Kolodrubi are characterized by the highest amounts of sodium and chlorides and are sodium chloride-hydrocarbonate composition. The water composition of the Dniester River (Rozvadiv village), its confluents Bystrytsia and Letnyanka are hydrocarbonate calcium (sodium-magnesium-calcium), Shchyrka, Vereshchitsa – sulfate-hydrocarbonate calcium (magnesium-calcium). The index of biochemical oxygen consumption for 5 days in the waters of Tysmenytsya River reached 4.5 mg O2/dm3, while in other rivers it was 0.70‒3.20 mg O2/dm3. The content of O2 soluble in the waters of the river Vereshchytsya was 0.29 mg/dm3, the value of biochemical oxygen consumption was 11.4 mg O2/dm3.

In the chemical composition of river waters, there is an increase in the concentrations of sodium, potassium and chloride ions from the left bank to the right bank confluents of the Dniester. In the left-bank confluents, in the chemical composition of water dominate the contents of calcium and hydrocarbons ions.

The heterogeneity of the lithological composition, the instability of the thickness of the aquifer both in the horizontal and vertical directions, and the different technogenic influence form the irregularity of pollution and its local distribution in groundwater.

Full Text

Keywords

river waters, groundwaters, geochemical features, geochemical zonality, Outer zone, Precarpathian deep.

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