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PLATE-TECTONIC GEODYNAMICS OF THE TISZA–DACIA TERRAIN, UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS

Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (191–192) 2023 > 61–73


Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (191–192) 2023, 61–73

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2023.191-192.061

Oleh HNYLKO

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: ohnilko@yahoo.com

Abstract

In the work, the knowledge about the geological structure and evolution of the Marmarosh Massif (part of the Dacia terrane or the larger Tisza–Dacia terrane) of the Ukrainian Carpathians is supplemented and summarized. The geodynamic conditions of the formation of the Marmarosh massif are reconstructed in the context of the general evolution of the folded border of the East European craton on the basis of the author’s geological observations and with taking into account previous data. Detailed geological mapping was carried out to identify some areas, the results of which are partially published on the State Geological Map of Ukraine. The Marmarosh massif of the Central Eastern Carpathians is represented by a crystalline basement, which includes pre-Hercynian and Hercynian metamorphosed complexes, and a late Paleozoic – Cenozoic cover of unmetamorphosed or weakly metamorphosed sediments. The Precambrian basement Bilyi Potik and Dilove formations are metamorphosed up to amphibolite (possibly to granulite?) facies. Vendian – Early Paleozoic volcanogenic-terrigenous and carbonate weakly metamorphosed Berlebash and Megura formations are correlated with the Tulghes Formation (Romania), that compared with the remains of an ancient accretionary prism and volcanic arc. This prism/arc could belong to the Avalonia microcontinent, which collided with Baltica in the Early Paleozoic. The collision caused the formation of the pre-Alpine Caledonian thrust structure of the Marmarosh massif basement. Paleozoic volcanogenic-sedimentary, carbonate, and terrigenous complexes (Kuzya Formation in Ukraine, and Rusaia, Repedea and Cimpoiasa formations in Romania) were accumulated in a rift basin, the closure of which caused the Hercynian tectogenesis. Late Paleozoic coal-bearing Kvasnyi Formation and red-colored Krasnyi Pleso Formation are belonged to epi-Hercynian molasse and to the cover of the Marmarosh crystalline massif.

Jurassic rifting and spreading led to the separation of the Dacia microcontinent and the formation of a (sub)oceanic basin between Dacia microcontinent and Eurasia. This basin is now marked by the Fore-Marmarosh suture zone. The dipping of the Dacia into the subduction zone, which was inclined to the west, could have caused the formation of the Marmarosh basement nappes and their thrust eastward towards the Fore-Marmarosh basin (future Carpathian flysch basin). An accretionary flysch prism grew in front of the Marmarsh nappes, a significant part of the prism sank under the Marmarosh nappes (=crystalline massif) where it could generate hydrocarbons, which allows us to support the assumption about the prospects of the under Marmarosh nappes flysch autochthon.

Keywords

Ukrainian Carpathians, Tisza–Dacia terrain, Marmarosh Massif, basement nappes

Referenses

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NON-ORE MINERALS OF VEINLET-IMPREGNATED MINERALIZATION IN THE DEPOSITS OF THE KROSNO ZONE OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS (district of the new Beskydy railway tunnel)

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (187–188) 2022 > 103–114


Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (187–188) 2022, 103–114.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2022.01-02.103

Ihor NAUMKO1, Halyna ZANKOVYCH1, Oksana KOКHAN1, Olexandеr VOVK2, Yaroslav KUZEMKO1, Bohdan SAКHNO1, Roman SERKIZ3

1 Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua
2 Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Lutsk, Ukraine, е-mail: geologygeochemistry@gmail.com
3 Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine, е-mail: rserkiz@gmail.com

Abstract

The construction of the new Beskydy railway tunnel, which revealed the indigenous deposits of the Krosno formation of the Ukrainian Carpathians, provided an opportunity to obtain new results from the study of another prospective oil and gas-bearing areas of the flysch formation within the Krosno structural-facies unit. There is a second tunnel in length in Ukraine and passes under the Verkhovyna watershed ridge of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Its section is represented by the rocks of the Krosno formation, namely the stratification of sandstones, argillites and silt stones. There are two fracture zones have been indentified here, in which developed veinle-impregnated mineralization of ore (sulfides) and non-ore (calcite and quartz type of the “Marmarosh diamonds”) minerals. Calcite and quartz formas monominerals veins and in paragenesis calcite-quartz type of the “Marmarosh diamonds” ‒ sulfides. Quartz occurs in the form of splice sand well-faceted crystals, transparent, in yellow, brown, black, green colour. Calcite of a milky, translucent colour in the form of veins, veinlets, impregnation, powder on quartz, druz. Contains significant impurities of magnesium, manganese and iron which means the presence of a rhodochrosite-magnesite-siderite component. Hydrocarbon fluids are present in all calcite and quartz crystals of the “Marmarosh diamonds” type. By chemical composition, it is methane with impurities of higher hydrocarbons (up to hexane). Sometimes the manifestations of the outflow of a black substance with the smell of oil from the cracks in the veinlet-impregnated mineralization are recorded studied rock complexes of the flysch formation of the Krosno zone of the Ukrainian Carpathians (construction area of the new branch of the Beskydy railway tunnel), which acquires an important genetic significance.

Keywords

veinlet-impregnated mineralization, calcite, “Marmarosh diamonds”, new Beskydy railway tunnel, Krosno zone, Ukrainian Carpathians

Referenses

Beskydskyi tunel. (2021, 9 hrudnia). In Vikipediia. https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beskydskyi_tunel [in Ukrainian]

Hnylko, O. (2010). Pro pivnichno-skhidnu hranytsiu Krosnenskoi tektonichnoi zony v Ukrainskykh Karpatakh. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 2(151), 44–57. [in Ukrainian]

Hulii, V., Kuzemko, Ya., Stepanov, V., Petruniak, H., Menshov, O., & Ohorilko, R. (2015). Heoloho-strukturni osoblyvosti ta rechovynnyi sklad porid Krosnenskoi zony v raioni novoho Beskydskoho tuneliu. In Fundamentalne znachennia i prykladna rol heolohichnoi osvity i nauky: tezy dopovidei Mizhnarodnoi naukovoi konferentsii, prysviachenoi 70-richchiu heolohichnoho fakultetu Lvivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni Ivana Franka (Lviv, 7–9 zhovtnia 2015 r.) (pp. 69–71). Lviv: Vydavnychyi tsentr LNU imeni Ivana Franka. [in Ukrainian]

Naumko, I. M., Zankovych, H. O., Kuzemko, Ya. D., Diakiv, V. O., Sakhno, B. E. (2017). Vuhlevodnevi hazy fliuidnykh vkliuchen u “marmaroskykh diamantakh” z zhyl u vidkladakh flishovoi formatsii raionu novoho Beskydskoho tuneliu (Krosnenska zona Ukrainskykh Karpat). Dopovidi NAN Ukrainy, 10, 70–77. https://doi.org/10.15407/dopovidi2017.10.070 [in Ukrainian]

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Vovk, O., Zankovych, H., & Naumko I. (2018). Osoblyvosti krystalomorfolohii marmaroskykh «diamantiv» iz zhyl u flishovykh vidkladakh Krosnenskoi strukturno-fatsialnoi odynytsi Ukrainskykh Karpat (raion novoho Beskydskoho tuneliu). Mineralohichnyi zbirnyk, 68(1), 72–75. [in Ukrainian]

Vovk, O. P., Zankovych, H. O., & Naumko, I. M. (2019). Materialy do porivnialnoi kharakterystyky krystalomorfolohii “marmaroskykh diamantiv” Ukrainskykh i Slovatskykh Karpat. In Zdobutky i perspektyvy rozvytku heolohichnoi nauky v Ukraini: zbirnyk tez naukovoi konferentsii, prysviachenoi 50-richchiu Instytutu heokhimii, mineralohii ta rudoutvorennia imeni M. P. Semenenka NAN Ukrainy (Kyiv, 14–16 travnia 2019 r.) (Vol. 1, pp. 130–131). Kyiv. [in Ukrainian]

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Zankovych, H. O., & Cheremisska, O. M. (2021). Typy vtorynnoi mineralizatsii v kreidovo-paleohen-neohenovykh vidkladakh Krosnenskoi zony Ukrainskykh Karpat. In Scientific Trends and Trends in the Context of Clobalization: III International Scientific and Practical Conference (Umea, Kingdom of Sweden, December 21–22, 2021) (pp.  74–379). Umea. [in Ukrainian]

Zankovych, H. O., & Kokhan, O. M. (2021). Nerudni mineraly prozhylkovo-vkraplenoi mineralizatsii Beskydskoho tuneliu Krosnenskoi zony Ukrainskykh Karpat. In Heolohichna nauka v nezalezhnii Ukraini: zbirnyk tez naukovoi konferentsii (Kyiv, 8–9 veresnia 2021 r.) (pp. 282–284). Kyiv. [in Ukrainian]


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DEFORMATIONS IN THE THRUST ZONE BETWEEN THE ZELEMIANKA AND PARASHKA SKYBAS OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIAN SKYBA NAPPE (HREBENIV QUARRY)

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (187–188) 2022 > 48–57


Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (187–188) 2022, 48–57.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2022.01-02.048

Milena BOGDANOVA

Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: milena_bogdanova@ukr.net

Abstract

In the article, based on own field observations, the deformation structures into the thrust zone of the Zelemianka Skyba (=thrust-sheet) onto the Parashka Skyba (the Ukrainian Carpathian Skyba Nappe) are described. They are exposed in the Hrebeniv quarry located in the Opir River basin (Lviv Region, Skole district). The tectonically disintegrated Stryi Formation (Upper-Cretaceous–Paleocene flysch) characterized by the rigid sandstone blocks (formed mainly as a result of boudinage) placed in a ductile clay matrix is represented in the Hrebeniv quarry. This formation is proposed to be classified as a “broken formation”, which is strongly tectonized, but retain their lithological and stratigraphic identity. It is a transitional element between the weakly deformed strata and tectonic mélange. Their characteristic features are: linearity of the distribution zone; significant monomictic composition and absence of exotic formations; the presence of an intensively tectonized matrix with clastolites (blocks) of less tectonized rocks of the same lithostratum (formation, series); the presence of newly formed hydrothermal minerals in clastolite cracks; the upper and lower contacts limiting the broken formation have a tectonic nature. An intensely tectonized matrix and a weakly tectonized rigid blocks belong to the same stratigraphic unit in a broken formation. The structural features suggest a brittle deformations in the studied rocks. Tectonic processes occurred in the completely lithified deposits. Thrust processes were accompanied by the formation of the duplexes, including antiformal stack duplexes, which are well expressed in the quarry. Duplexes are observed in different parts of the quarry, and the most representative ones are developed in its central section. Horses in the duplexes are characterized by a size of 1 to 3 meters here. They are generally subparallel, which is consistent with monoclinal bedding, however, they sometimes acquire an antiform appearance as a result of tectonic thrusting.

Keywords

Ukrainian Carpathians, Skyba Nappe, broken formation, thrust zone, deformations, duplexes

Referenses

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Boyer, S. E., & Elliott, D. (1982). Thrust systems. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 66(9), 1196–1230. https://doi.org/10.1306/03B5A77D-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D

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Fossen, H. (2016). Structural Geology (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781107415096

Hnylko, O. M. (2012). Tektonichne raionuvannia Karpat u svitli tereinovoi tektoniky. Stattia 2. Flishovi Karpaty – davnia akretsiina pryzma. Heodynamika, 1(12), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2012.01.067 [in Ukrainian]

Kalinin, V. I., Hurskyi, D. S., & Antakova, I. V. (Eds.). (2006). Heolohichni pamiatky Ukrainy (Vol. 1). Kyiv: Derzhavna heolohichna sluzhba Ukrainy. [in Ukrainian]

Lukiienko, O. I., Vakarchuk, S. H., & Kravchenko, D. V. (2014). Strukturno-parahenetychnyi analiz (na tektonofatsialnii osnovi): Vol. 1. Epizona. Kyiv. [in Ukrainian]

McClay, K. R. (1992). Glossary of thrust tectonics terms. In K. R. McClay (Ed.), Thrust Tectonics (pp. 419–433). London: Chapman and Hall.

McClay, K. R., & Insley, M. W. (1986). Duplex structures in the Lewis thrust sheet, Crowsnest Pass, Rocky Mountains, Alberta, Canada. Journal of Structural Geology, 8(8), 911–922. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(86)90036-2

Schmid, S. M., Fügenschuh, B., Kounov, A., Maţenco, L., Nievergelt, P., Oberhänsli, R., Pleuger, J., Schefer, S., Schuster, R., Tomljenović, B., Ustaszewski, K., & van Hinsbergen, D. J. J. (2020). Tectonic units of the Alpine collision zone between Eastern Alps and western Turkey. Gondwana Research, 78, 308–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2019.07.005

Starzec, К., Malata, E., Wronka, A., & Malina, L. (2015). Mélanges and broken formations at the boundary zone of the Magura and Silesian nappes (Gorlice area, Polish Outer Carpathians) – a result of sedimentary and tectonic processes. Geological Quarterly, 59(1), 169–178. https://doi.org/10.7306/gq.1173


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AGE AND SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS OF THE PALEOCENE DEPOSITS IN THE CARPATHIAN SKYBA NAPPE BASED ON MICROPALEONTOLOGICAL AND SEDIMENTOLOGICAL DATA

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (187–188) 2022 > 36–47


Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (187–188) 2022, 36–47.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2022.01-02.036

Oleh HNYLKO, Aida ANDREEVA-GRIGOROVICH, Svitlana HNYLKO

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

The results of micropaleontological and sedimentological studies of the Paleocene sediments such as the Upper Member of the Stryi Formation and the Yamna Formation located in the Skyba Nappe in the Ukrainian Outer (Flysh) Carpathians are represented. Sedimentological features of the flysch successions (including the sedimentary succession along the Prut River in the city of Yaremche) proved that the Upper Member of the Stryi Formation is represented mainly by turbidites; the lower part of the Yamna Formation (variegated Yaremcha Horizon) is composed of red and green clay hemipelagites and turbidites, and the upper part of the Yamna Formation (Yamna sandstone) consists of deposits of high-density turbidite currents and grain flows.

The calcareous nannoplankton: NP1, NP2, NP3 and NP4 zones as well as the foraminifera: planktonic Globoconusa daubjergensis Zone (Danian Stage) and benthic Rzehakina epigona Subzone of Rzehakina fissistomata Zone, s. l. (the early Paleocene) are identified in the Upper Member of the Stryi Formation. The calcareous nannoplanktonic NP4, NP5, NP6 zones are distinguished in the Yaremcha Horizon and NP6, NP8, NP9 zones are identified in the Yamna sandstone. The agglutinated foraminifera including Rzehakina fissistomatа, Rz. epigona, Caudammina ovula, Hormosina velascoense, Glomospirella grzybowskii, Saccammina placenta, Paratrochamminoides irregularis are dominated in the Yamna Formation. The age of the Stryi Formation (Upper Member) is established as Danian–partly Zealandian, and the age of the Yamna Formation is Zealandian–Thanetian based on nannoplankton and foraminifera data.

Deep-water agglutinated foraminifera (DWAF) belonging to the genera Rhabdammina, Hyperammina, Dendrophrya, Ammodiscus, Glomospira, Hormosina, Reophax, Haplophragmoides, Recurvoides, Trochamminoides, Paratrochamminoides, Spiroplectammina, Karreriella are dominated in the background hemipelagic clay deposits and make up to 100% of the tests in the microfaunal associations, that suggests the lower bathyal-abyssal depths of the sedimentary paleobasin The channel deposits (Yamna sandstone) and interchannel sediments (Upper Member of the Stryi Formation) of the ancient deep-sea fan are identified in the Paleogene flysch.

Keywords

Ukrainian Carpathians, Skyba Nappe, Paleocene, foraminifera, nannoplankton, sedimentation

Referenses

Andreeva-Grigorovich, A. S. (1991). Zonalnaya stratigrafiya paleogena yuga SSSR po fitoplanktonu (dinotsisti i nanoplankton) [Zonal stratigraphy of the Paleogene of the south of the USSR according to phytoplankton (dinocysts and nanoplankton)] [Extended abstract of Doctorʼs thesis]. Institut geologicheskikh nauk AN USSR. Kiev. [in Russian]

Andreeva-Grigorovich, A. S. (1994). Zonalnaya shkala po tsistam dinoflagellat dlya paleogena yuzhnikh regionov SNG [Zonal scale for dinoflagellate cysts for the Paleogene of the southern regions of the CIS]. Algologiya, 42, 66‒76. [in Russian]

Andreeva-Grigorovich, A. S., Vyalov, O. S., Gavura, S. P., Gruzman, A. D., Dabagyan, N. V., Danish, V. V., Ivanik, M. M., Kulchitskii, Ya. O., Lozinyak, P. Yu., Maslun, N. V., Petrashkevich, M. Y., Ponomareva, L. D., Portnyagina, L. A., Smirnov, S. Ye., & Sovchik, Ya. V. (1984). Obyasnitelnaya zapiska k regionalnoi stratigraficheskoi skheme paleogenovikh otlozhenii Ukrainskikh Karpat [Explanatory note to the regional stratigraphic scheme of the Paleogene deposits of the Ukrainian Carpathians] [Preprint N 84-19]. Kiev: Institut geologicheskikh nauk AN USSR. [in Russian]

Andreyeva-Grigorovich, A. S. (1999). Biostratigraphic correlations of the Paleogene deposits of the Ukrainian Carpathians and Crimea-Bakhchisarai area using nannoplankton and dinocysts. Geologica Carpathica, 50, 10–12.

Andrieieva-Hryhorovych, A., Maslun, N., Hnylko, S., & Hnylko, O. (2014). Pro vik i umovy sedymentatsii horyzontiv strokatykh arhilitiv u paleotsen-eotsenovykh vidkladakh Ukrainskykh Karpat [About the age and sedimentary conditions of variegated mudstone horizons in the Paleocene-Eocene deposits of the Ukrainian Carpathians]. In Materialy V Vseukrainskoi naukovoi konferentsii “Problemy heolohii fanerozoiu Ukrainy”: tezy dopovidei (pp. 3–6). Lviv: Lvivskyi natsionalnyi universytet imeni I. Franka. [in Ukrainian]

Einsele, G. (1992). Sedimentary Basins: evolution, facies and sediment budget. Berlin: Springer–Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77055-5

Golonka, J., Gahagan, L., Krobicki, M., Marko, F., Oszczypko, N., & Ślączka, A. (2006). Plate tectonic evolution and paleogeography of the circum-Carpathian region. AAPG, Memoir, 84, 11–46. https://doi.org/10.1306/985606m843066

Golonka, J., Waśkowska, A., & Ślączka, A. (2019). The Western Outer Carpathians: Origin and evolution. Zeitschriftder Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften, 170(3–4), 229–254. https://doi.org/10.1127/zdgg/2019/0193

Hnylko, O. M. (2012). Tektonichne raionuvannia Karpat u svitli tereinovoi tektoniky. Stattia 2. Flishovi Karpaty – davnia akretsiina pryzma [Tectonic zoning of the Carpathians in term`s of the terrane tectonics, article 2. The Flysch Carpathian – ancient accretionary prism]. Heodynamika, 1(12), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2012.01.067 [in Ukrainian]

Hnylko, O. (2016). Heolohichna budova ta evoliutsiia Ukrainskykh Karpat [Geological structure and evolution of the Ukrainian Carpathians] [Extended abstract of Doctorʼs thesis]. Lvivskyi natsionalnyi universytet imeni I. Franka. Lviv. [in Ukrainian]

Hnylko, O. M., & Slotiuk, B. M. (1993). Do heolohichnoi paleookeanohrafii pivnichno-zakhidnoi chastyny Ukrainskykh Karpat (basein verkhnoi techii r. Dnister). Rannia kreida–eotsen [To the geological paleoceanography of the northwestern part of the Ukrainian Carpathians (basin of the upper reaches of the Dnister River). Early Cretaceous–Eocene]. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 2–3(84–85), 80–86. [in Ukrainian]

Ivanik, M. M., & Maslun, N. V. (1977). Kremnistie mikroorganizmi i ikh ispolzovanie dlya raschleneniya paleogenovikh otlozhenii Predkarpatya [Siliceous microorganisms and their use for dismemberment of the Paleogene deposits of the Fore-Carpathians]. Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]

Kaminski, M. A., & Gradstein, F. M. (2005). Atlas of Paleogenecosmopolitan deep-water agglutinated foraminifera. Grzybowski Foundation Special Publication, 10.

Kováč, M., Márton, E., Oszczypko, N., Vojtko, R., Hók, J., Králiková, S., Plašienka, D., Klučiar, T., Hudáčková, N., & Oszczypko-Clowes, M. (2017). Neogene palaeogeography and basin evolution of the Western Carpathians, Northern Pannonian domain and adjoining areas. Global and Planetary Change, 155, 133–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.07.004

Kováč, M., Plašienka, D., Soták, J., Vojtko, R., Oszczypko, N., Less, G., Ćosović, V., Fügenschuh, B., & Králiková, S. (2016). Paleogene palaeogeography and basin evolution of the Western Carpathians, Northern Pannonian domain and adjoining areas. Global and Planetary Change, 140, 9–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha. 2016.03.007

Maslakova, N. I. (1955). Stratigrafiya i fauna melkikh foraminifer paleogenovikh otlozhenii Vostochnikh Karpat [Stratigraphy and fauna of small foraminifers in the Paleogene deposits of the Eastern Carpathians]. Moskva: Gosgeolizdat. [in Russian]

Matskiv, B. V., Pukach, B. D., & Hnylko, O. M. (2009). Derzhavna heolohichna karta Ukrainy masshtabu 1 : 200 000. Arkushi M-35-XXXI (Nadvirna), L-35-I (Visheu-De-Sus). Karpatska seriia. Heolohichna karta dochetvertynnykh utvoren [State geological map of Ukraine on a scale of 1:200,000. Sheets M-35-XXXI (Nadvirna), L-35-I (Visheu-De-Sous). Carpathian series. Geological map of pre-Quaternary formations]. Kyiv: UkrDHRI. [in Ukrainian]

Pilipchuk, A. S. (1972). Litologicheskie osobennosti i usloviya obrazovaniya pestrotsvetnikh otlozhenii Skibovoi zoni Karpat [Lithological features and conditions for the formation of the variegated deposits in the Skyba Zone of the Carpathians]. In Novie dannie po geologii i neftegazonosnosti USSR (pp. 101–110). Lvov: Izdatelstvo Lvovskogo universiteta. [in Russian]

Reding, Kh. G., Kollinson, Dzh. D., Allen, F. A., Elliott, T., Shreiber, B. Sh., Dzhonson, G. D., Bolduin, K. T., Sellvud, B. U., Dzhenkins, X. K., Stou, D. A. V., Eduardz, M., & Mitchell, A. X. G. (1990). Obstanovki osadkonakopleniya i fatsii [Sedimentary environments and facies] (Kh. Reding, Ed.; B. V. Baranov, I. S. Barskov, L. N. Indolev, M. A. Levitan & I. O. Murdmaa, Trans.; Vol. 2). Moskva: Mir. [in Russian]

Schmid, S., Bernoulli, D., Fugenschuh, B., Matenco, L., Schefer, S., Schuster, R., Tischler, M., & Ustaszewski, K. (2008). The Alpine-Carpathian-Dinaric orogenic system: correlation and evolution of tectonic units. Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 101, 139–183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-008-1247-3

Senkovskyi, Yu., Hryhorchuk, K., Hnidets, V., & Koltun, Yu. (2004). Heolohichna paleookeanohrafiia okeanu Tetis [Geological paleoceanography of the Tethys Ocean]. Kyiv: Naukova dumka. [in Ukrainian]

Vyalov, O. S. (1951). Skhema stratigrafii severnogo sklona Karpat [Stratigraphy scheme of the northern slope of the Carpathians]. Dokladi Akademii nauk SSSR, 7(77), 689–692. [in Russian]

Vyalov, O. S., Gavura, S. P., Danish, V. V., Lemishko, O. D., Leshchukh, R. Y., Ponomareva, L. D., Romaniv, A. M., Smirnov, S. Ye., Smolinskaya, N. I., & Tsarnenko, P. N. (1988). Stratotipi melovikh i paleogenovikh otlozhenii Ukrainskikh Karpat [Stratotypes of the Cretaceous and Paleogene deposits of the Ukrainian Carpathians]. Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]


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BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF PALEOCENE-EOCENE DEPOSITS OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS BASED ON PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA

Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (185–186) 2021 > 56–64


Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (185–186) 2021, 56–64.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2021.03-04.056

Svitlana HNYLKO

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

Paleogene deposits are the main reservoir of hydrocarbon resources in the Carpathians and creation of the modern stratigraphic scheme of these deposits is the basis for improving the efficiency of geological search works. The reliable stratification is a necessary precondition for the preparation of geological maps. Stratification of the Paleocene–Eocene sediments is provided by foraminifera, nannoplankton, dinocysts, radiolarians, sponge spicules, palynoflora. Planktonic foraminifera is the main stratigraphic group of the Paleogene fauna.

In the predominantly non-calcareous flysch of the Paleocene–Eocene of the Carpathians, mainly agglutinated benthic foraminifera of siliceous composition are developed. Planktonic foraminifera are distributed locally – in calcareous facies. The most complete sequence of Paleocene–Eocene planktonic foraminifera is represented in the Metova Formation (the Vezhany nappe of the Inner Carpathians).

The results of own researches of natural sections of sediments distributed within the Magursky, Monastyretsky and Vezhany nappes of the Ukrainian Carpathians together with the analysis of literature sources are used.

The article presents a generalized biozonal division of the Paleocene–Eocene of the Ukrainian Carpathians by planktonic foraminifera. On the basis of certain correlation levels, a comparison with the Geological Time Scale was made.

The Parvularugoglobigerina eugubina Zone (lowermost Danian), Globoconusa daubjergensis Zone (middle Danian), Praemurica inconstans Zone (upper Danian); Morozovella angulata Zone (lower Selandian); Globanomalina pseudomenardii Zone fnd Acarinina acarinata Zone (upper Selandian–Thanetian); Morozovella subbotinae Zone (lower Ypresian), Morozovella aragonensis Zone (upper Ypresian); Acarinina bullbrooki Zone (lower Lutetian), Acarinina rotundimarginata Zone (upper Lutetian); Hantkenina alabamensis Zone (Bartonian); Globigerinatheka tropicalis Zone (lower Priabonian) and Subbotina corpulenta Zone (upper Priabonian) based on planktonic foraminifera are characterized in studied deposits.

Keywords

Ukrainian Carpathians, planktonic foraminifera, biostratigraphy, Paleocene–Eocene

Referenses

Andreeva-Grigorovich, A. S., Gruzman, A. D., Lozynyak, P. Yu., & Smirnov, S. E. (1987). Opornye razrezy pogranichnykh sloev eotsena i oligotsena Duklyanskoi i Marmaroshskoi zon. Paleontologicheskii sbornik, 24, 33–38. [in Russian]

Andreeva-Grigorovich, A. S., Vyalov, O. S., Gavura, S. P., Gruzman, A. D., Dabagyan, N. V., Danysh, V. V., Ivanik, M. M., Kul’chitskii, Ya. O., Lozynyak, P. Yu., Maslun, N. V., Petrashkevich, M. I., Ponomareva, L. D., Portnyagina, L. A., Smirnov, S. E., & Sovchik, Ya. V. (1984). Obyasnitelnaya zapiska k regionalnoi stratigraficheskoi skheme paleogenovykh otlozhenii Ukrainskikh Karpat [Preprint № 84-19]. Kiev: Institut geologicheskikh nauk AN USSR. [in Russian]

Andreyeva-Grigorovich, A. S. (1999). Biostratigraphic correlations of the paleogene deposits of the Ukrainian Carpathians and Crimea-Bakhchisarai area using nannoplankton and dinocysts. Geologica Carpathica, 50, 10–12.

Bugrova, E. M. (Ed.). (2005). Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo po mikrofaune: Vol. 8. Foraminifery kainozoya. Sankt-Peterburg: VSEGEI. [in Russian]

Dabagyan, N. V., Kruglov, S. S., & Smirnov, S. E. (1965). Litologiya i stratigrafiya melovogo i paleogenovogo chekhla zony Zakarpatskikh utesov. Trudy UkrNIIGRI, 14, 78–86. [in Russian]

Dabagyan, N. V., Kul’chitskii, Ya. O., Kuzovenko, V. V., & Shlapinskii, V. E. (1987). Opornye razrezy pogranichnykh sloev verkhov eotsena – nizov oligotsena yuzhnoi chasti Skibovoi, Krosnenskoi i Chernogorskoi zon. Paleontologicheskii sbornik, 24, 27–33. [in Russian]

Danysh, V. V., & Ponomareva, L. D. (1989). Sopostavlenie razrezov paleogena Duklyanskoi zony Vostochnykh i Zapadnykh Karpat. In Geologiya Sovetskikh Karpat (pp. 57–65). Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]

Fusan, O. (Ed.). (1983). Stratigraficky slovnik Zapadnych Karpat (T. 1). Bratislava.

Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., Schmitz, M. D., & Ogg, G. (Eds.). (2012). The Geologic Time Scale 2012. Boston, USA: Elsevier.

Gruzman, A. D., & Dabagyan, N. V. (1979). Zonal’naya stratigrafiya po planktonnym foraminiferam paleotsena i eotsena yuzhnogo sklona Ukrainskikh Karpat. Paleontologicheskii sbornik, 16, 30–34. [in Russian]

Hnylko, S. R. (2015). Stratyhrafiia za foraminiferamy paleotsenovo-eotsenovykh vidkladiv vnutrishnikh flishevykh pokryviv Zovnishnikh Ukrainskykh Karpat. Heolohichnyi zhurnal, 3, 87–100. https://doi.org/10.30836/igs.1025-6814.2015.3.139291 [in Ukrainian]

Hnylko, S. R. (2017). Foraminifery i stratyhrafiia paleotsen-eotsenovykh vidkladiv Ukrainskykh Karpat [Extended abstract of сandidateʼs thesis]. Instytut heolohichnykh nauk NAN Ukrainy. Kyiv. [in Ukrainian]

Hnylko, S., & Hnylko, O. (2016). Foraminiferal stratigraphy and palaeobathymetry of Paleocene-lowermost Oligocene deposits (Vezhany and Monastyrets nappes, Ukrainian Carpathians). Geological Quarterly, 60(1), 75–103. https://doi.org/10.7306/gq.1247

Hnylko, S. R., & Hnylko, O. M. (2013). Stratyhrafiia, biozonalnyi podil za foraminiferamy ta umovy nakopychennia paleotsen-eotsenovykh vidkladiv Vezhanskoho pokryvu Vnutrishnikh Karpat. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Instytutu heolohichnykh nauk NAN Ukrainy, 6(1), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.30836/igs.2522-9753.2013.147156 [in Ukrainian]

Maslun, N. V., Mintuzova, L. G., & Hnylko, S. R. (2015). Detailed stratification and correlation of Foraminifera Paleogene deposits of Ukraine. Geological Journal, 4, 31–48. https://doi.org/10.30836/igs.1025-6814.2015.4.138833

Myatlyuk, E. V. (1970). Foraminifery flishevykh otlozhenii Vostochnykh Karpat (mel–paleogen). Leningrad: Nedra. [in Russian]

Olsson, R. K., Hemleben, Ch., Berggren, W. A., & Huber, B. T. (Eds.). (1999). Atlas of Paleocene Planktonic Foraminifera. Smithsonian contributions to paleobiology, 85. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810266.85.1

Pearson, P. N., Olsson, K. R., Huber, B. T., Hemleben, Ch., & Berggren, W. A. (Eds.). (2006). Atlas of Eocene planktonic foraminifera. Cushman Foundation Special Publication, 41.

Vashchenko, V. A., Ageev, V. A., Shlapinskii, V. E., Tsarnenko, P. N., Dabagyan, N. V., Buzyak, I. P., Khil’chenko, N. M., & Shcherbak, A. A. (1985). Otchet po gruppovoi geologicheskoi s”emke masshtaba 1 : 50 000 territorii listov M–35–133–A, B; M–35–134–A, B, V Ivano-Frankovskoi i Zakarpatskoi oblastei USSR za 1981–1985 gg. (№ 2979/1). L’vov. [in Russian]

Vyalov, O. S., Gavura, S. P., Danysh, V. V., Lemishko, O. D., Leshchukh, R. I., Ponomareva, L. D., Romaniv, A. M., Smirnov, S. E., Smolinskaya, N. I., & Tsarnenko, P. N. (1988). Stratotipy melovykh i paleogenovykh otlozhenii Ukrainskikh Karpat. Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]

Vyalov, O. S., Gavura, S. P., Danysh, V. V., Leshchukh, R. I., Ponomareva, L. D., Romaniv, A. M., Tsarnenko, P. N., & Tsizh, I. T. (1981). Istoriya geologicheskogo razvitiya Ukrainskikh Karpat. Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]

Vyalov, O. S., Gavura, S. P., Danysh, V. V., & Smirnov, S. E. (1987). Opornye pogranichnye razrezy eotsena i oligotsena severnogo sklona Ukrainskikh Karpat. Paleontologicheskii sbornik, 24, 20–27. [in Russian]

Vyalov, O. S., Gavura, S. P., & Ponomareva, L. D. (1987). Opornye razrezy pogranichnykh otlozhenii eotsena i oligotsena Vnutrennei zony Predkarpatskogo progiba. Paleontologicheskii sbornik, 24, 12–20. [in Russian]


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TECTONIC-SEDIMENTARY EVOLUTION OF THE FRONTAL PART OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIAN NAPPE STRUCTURE

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (183–184) 2021 > 45–59


Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (183–184) 2021, 45–59.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2021.01-02.045

Oleh HNYLKO, Svitlana HNYLKO, Maria KULYANDA, Romana MARCHENKO

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

For the first time in the Ukrainian Carpathians, the depths and tectono-sedimentation processes in the north-eastern part of the Outer Carpathian Basin (Skyba and Boryslav-Pokuttya units) have been restored on the base of sedimentological and microfaunistic studies. It was established that in the Cretaceous-Eocene time, the deep-water (near Calcite Compensation Depth) turbidite and similar sedimentation (turbidites with Bouma textures, grainites, debris-flow deposits), which periodically alternated with (hemi)pelagic sedimentation (red, green and black shales) was dominant here. Sedimentation took place on the continental margin of the the Carpathian branch of the Tethys, where deep-water fans were formed. Cretaceous-Eocene background red and green shales are enriched in buried in situ benthic foraminifera which are similar in taxonomic composition and morphological features to the microfauna of the Carpathian-Alpine and Atlantic regions (deep-water agglutinated foraminifera), which indicate lower bathyal – abyssal depths of flysch sedimentation. Latest Eocene Globigerina Marl horizon contains the foraminiferal assemblage with plankton dominance, which indicates a general shallowing of the Outer Carpathian Basin (middle-upper bathyal conditions above a calcite compensation depth). Oligocene – lowermost Miocene Menilite-Krosno and Polyanytsia formations were accumulated in the Skyba and Boryslav-Pokuttya sub-basins. In the Miocene, shallow-water molasses were accumulated here. Probably, the tectonic uproot of flysch deposits from its substrate and their synsedymentary thrusting towards the platform caused a significant shallowing of the Skyba and Boryslav-Pokuttya sub-basins starting from the latest Eocene. These processes reflected the growth of the Carpathian frontal nappes at the final orogen formation stage.

Keywords

Ukrainian Carpathians, Skyba and Boryslav-Pokuttya nappes, foraminifera, turbidites

Referenses

Andreeva-Grigorovich, A. S., Vyalov, O. S., Gavura, S. P., Gruzman, A. D., Dabyagyan, N. V., Danysh, V. V., Ivanik, M. M., Kul’chitskii, Ya. O., Lozynyak, P. Yu., Maslun, N. V., Petrashkevich, M. I., Ponomareva, L. D., Portnyagina, L. A., Smirnov, S. E., & Sovchik, Ya. V. (1984). Ob”yasnitel’naya zapiska k regional’noi stratigraficheskoi skheme paleogenovykh otlozhenii Ukrainskikh Karpat [Preprint № 84-19]. Kiev: Institut geologicheskikh nauk AN USSR. [in Russian]

Andreyeva-Grigorovich, A. S. (1999). Biostratigraphic correlations of the paleogene deposits of the Ukrainian Carpathians and Crimea-Bakhchisarai area using nannoplankton and dinocysts. Geologica Carpathica, 50, 10–12.

Andrieieva-Hryhorovych, A. S., Vashchenko, V. O., Hnylko, O. M., & Trofymovych, N. A. (2011). Stratyhrafiia neohenovykh vidkladiv Ukrainskykh Karpat ta Peredkarpattia. Tektonika i stratyhrafiia, 38, 67–77. https://doi.org/10.30836/igs.0375-7773.2011.92245 [in Ukrainian]

Einsele, G. (1992). Sedimentary Basins: evolution, facies and sediment budget. Berlin: Springer–Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77055-5

Golonka, J., Gahagan, L., Krobicki, M., Marko, F., Oszczypko, N., & Ślączka, A. (2006). Plate tectonic evolution and paleogeography of the circum-Carpathian region. AAPG, Memoir, 84, 11–46. https://doi.org/10.1306/985606m843066

Golonka, J., Waśkowska, A., & Ślączka, A. (2019). The Western Outer Carpathians: Origin and evolution. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften, 170(3–4), 229–254. https://doi.org/10.1127/zdgg/2019/0193

Gorbachik, T. N., Dolitskaya, I. V., & Kopaevich, L. F. (1996). Mikropaleontologiya. Moskva: Izdatel’stvo MGU. [in Russian]

Hnylko, O. M. (2012). Tektonichne raionuvannia Karpat u svitli tereinovoi tektoniky. Stattia 2. Flishovi Karpaty – davnia akretsiina pryzma. Heodynamika, 1(12), 67–78. [in Ukrainian]

Hnylko, O. (2014). Olistostromes in the Miocene salt-bearing folded deposits at the front of the Ukrainian Carpathian orogen. Geological Quarterly, 58(3), 381–392. https://doi.org/10.7306/gq.1132

Hnylko, O. (2016). Heolohichna budova ta evoliutsiia Ukrainskykh Karpat [Extended abstract of Doctorʼs thesis]. Lvivskyi natsionalnyi universytet imeni Ivana Franka. Lviv. [in Ukrainian]

Hnylko, O., & Hnylko, S. (2019). Geological environments forming the Eocene black-shale formation of the Silesian Nappe (Ukrainian Carpathians). Geodynamics, 26(1), 60–75. https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2019.01.060

Hnylko, O. M., Hnylko, S. R., & Heneralova, L. V. (2015). Tektono-sedymentatsiina evoliutsiia pivdenno-zakhidnoi chastyny Ukrainskykh Flishevykh Karpat. Naukovyi visnyk Natsionalnoho hirnychoho universytetu, 2, 5–13. [in Ukrainian]

Hnylko, O., Krobicki, M., Feldman-Olszewska, A., & Iwańczuk, J. (2015). Geology of the volcano-sedimentary complex of the Kamyanyi Potik Unit on Chyvchyn Mount (Ukrainian Carpathians): preliminary results. Geological Quarterly, 59(1), 145–156. http://dx.doi.org/10.7306/gq.1220

Hnylko, O. M., & Slotiuk, B. M. (1993). Do heolohichnoi paleookeanohrafii pivnichno-zakhidnoi chastyny Ukrainskykh Karpat (basein verkhnoi techii r. Dnister). Rannia kreida–eotsen. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 2–3(84–85), 80–86. [in Ukrainian]

Hnylko, S. (2017). Foraminifery i stratyhrafiia paleotsen-eotsenovykh vidkladiv Ukrainskykh Karpat [Extended abstract of sandidateʼs thesis]. Instytut heolohichnykh nauk NAN Ukrainy. Kyiv. [in Ukrainian]

Hnylko, S., & Hnylko, O. (2016). Foraminiferal stratigraphy and palaeobathymetry of Paleocene-lowermost Oligocene deposits (Vezhany and Monastyrets nappes, Ukrainian Carpathians). Geological Quarterly, 60(1), 75–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.7306/gq.1247

Hozhyk, P. F. (Ed.). (2013). Stratyhrafiia verkhnoho proterozoiu ta fanerozoiu Ukrainy: Vol. 1. Stratyhrafiia verkhnoho proterozoiu, paleozoiu ta mezozoiu Ukrainy. Kyiv: IHN NAN Ukrainy; Lohos. [in Ukrainian]

Ivanik, M. M., & Maslun, N. V. (1977). Kremnistye mikroorganizmy i ikh ispol’zovanie dlya raschleneniya paleogenovikh otlozhenii Predkarpat’ya. Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]

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LITHOLOGICAL-GEOCHEMICAL TYPES OF DEPOSITS OF CRETACEOUS-PALEOGENE FLYSCH OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS AND CONDITIONS OF THEIR FORMAITION

Home > Archive > No. 4 (181) 2019 > 116-133


Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 4 (181) 2019, 116-133.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2019.04.116

Ihor Popp, Petro Moroz, Mykhailo Shapovalov

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine,
e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

The results of lithological, mineralogical and geochemical investigation of Cretaceous-Paleogene flysch deposits of the Ukrainian Carpathians are cited here. There are three main lithological-geochemical types of these deposits which differ in the composition of rock-forming ingredients of biogenic origin (SiO2 biog, CaCO3, Corg): grey limestone-clayey-terrigenous (type-I), non-carbonate or low-carbonate-clayey-terrigenous (type-II), and black carbonate-silica-terrigenous-clayey (type-III). The deposits of the first type are attributed to alkaline-oxic (oxic-calcitic), the second – to acid and low-alcaline oxic (oxic with redeposited glauconite), the third – to reducing (siderite, dolomite or ferrodolomite and low-reducing calcitic) and strong by reducing (primary-sulfidic or hydrogen sulfidic) mineralogical-geochemical facies. The forming of the Barremian-Albian (Shypot suite; Spas suite) and Oligocene (Menilite suite; Dusynska suite) organic-rich sediments in the Ukrainian Carpathians we associate with the phase of oceanic anoxic events OAE-1 and OAE-4 in the Carpathian segment of the Tethys, where anoxic reducing environments favoured to fossilization of huge amount of the dispersed organic matter. The structural-fabric features and composition of separate lithological types of silicites and diagenetic concretions of the Lower Cretaceous and Oligocene of the Ukrainian Carpathians show that their sedimentogenesis and diagenesis took place in conditions of strong oxygen deficit. The studied siliceous rocks can be considered as indicators of the anoxic events in the Carpathian segment of Tethys ocean. It is shown, that alcaline-reducting environments which was the most favourable for the diagenetic transformation of sedimentary organic matter in to petroleum hydrocarbons, prevailed in the organic-rich deposits of Oligocene age.

Keywords

sedimentogenesis, diagenesis, silica, carbonate, sulfides, organic matter, mineralogical-geochemical facies, Cretaceous-Paleocene flysch, Ukrainian Carpathians.

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