Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (199–200) 2025 > 44–57
Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (199–200) 2025, 44–57
https://doi.org/
Solomiia KALMUK, Halyna MEDVID, Vasyl HARASYMCHUK, Olha TELEHUZ, Iryna SAKHNIUK, Orysia MAYKUT
Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: solomiya.kalmuk@gmail.com
Abstract
In this article, the authors examined 15 sources in Lviv and the surrounding area. Sanitary-chemical indicators and quality of spring waters were assessed. It is established that in 2024 оnly 2 springs are suitable for human consumption: “Spartak” and the source in Bryukhovychy. In all other springs many water quality indicators exceed the maximum permissible concentration (MPC): mineralisation, hardness, sulfates, calcium and nitrates. In two sources (High Castle and “Green Eye”) we observe an excess of nitrates. In the spring on Bilogorshcha we observe a slight excess of the mineralization index. Мost of the investigated waters are very hard, source “Spartak” – moderately hard. Nitrite and ammonium content was not detected in any water sample. The concentration of sodium ions in all sources of the city of Lviv and its surroundings is within normal limits and does not exceed the MPC. Chlorides are determined within normal limits in all selected samples, no exceedance of the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) is observed. Sulfates are present in all samples, but only in the source on Bilogorshcha they exceed the MPC norm by 1.5 times. Most of Lviv’s springs are calcium bicarbonate in composition. And only the source on Bilogorshcha is atypical in chemical composition – calcium sulfate. Such indicators are probably related to water-bearing rocks – gypsoanhydrite deposits of the Tyrrhenian Badenian aquifer.
A comparative analysis of ten popular sources in the city of Lviv was conducted over 14–15 years. The “Spartak” spring has remained suitable for human consumption for 18 years and the water from this spring meets the requirements for drinking water. The source in front of Vynnyky Lake was suitable for human consumption in 2010, but in 2024, due to an excess of calcium ions, it became unfit for consumption. Other springs also remain unfit for human consumption. Significant changes are observed in the nitrate content in the spring in Stryisky Park: over the past 15 years, the concentration of nitrates has decreased sixfold and no longer exceeds the MPC. Positive dynamics in the purification of the mineral composition of groundwater are observed in the springs at High Castle (the content of Calcium and nitrates is still above the MPC) and in Stryisky Park (the concentration of Calcium and hardness is above the MPC). The spring in Kleparov would have good characteristics, but the high calcium content excludes it from being suitable for human consumption and provokes an increase in hardness.
Keywords
aquifer, sanitary and chemical indicators, hydrogen index, mineralisation, water hardness, drinking water, springs of Lviv and its surroundings
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