Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (195–196) 2024 > 73–86
Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (195–196) 2024, 73–86
https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2024.195-196.073
Myroslav PODOLSKY, Oleg GVOZDEVICH, Lesya KULCHYTSKA-ZHYGAYLO
Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: cencon@ukr.net
Abstract
All types of combustible minerals are located on the territory of Ukraine – oil, natural gas, gas condensate, coal, peat, oil shale, but the amounts of their extraction and methods of use in total do not ensure the necessary level of energy state security. The additional difficulties in the energy sector were created by long-term hostilities in the east and south parts of the country. The unavailability of most extraction capacities of primary energy resources and the loss of a significant part of electricity generation negatively affected the possibilities of socio-economic development. Against this background, increasing the efficiency of the use of unconventional fuels and energy resources, in particular in the western region, taking into consideration the global trend of renewed interest in the ecological use of fossil fuels, waste and biomass, is relevant and timely.
In the general case, unconventional combustible minerals can be included on-balance and off-balance reserves of primary types of energy materials and amounts of technogenic wastes from coal mining, coal beneficiation, oil refining etc., which by its energy or geological-spatial conditions, currently not meet the economic criteria for extraction and use by traditional methods.
The article provides a comparative overview of known methods of conversion (processing) of unconventional fuel, in particular pyrolysis, hydrogenation and gasification. It is shown that according to the types of processed raw materials, indicators of technological processes and characteristics of the obtained products, gasification methods are the most suitable for ecological conversion of unconventional fuels and wastes. The developed direct and combined methods of ecological conversion of unconventional solid combustible fossils and carbon-containing wastes to obtain gaseous, liquid and solid fuels are presented, as well as the prospects of their implementation in the western region of Ukraine are considered.
Keywords
unconventional combustible minerals, carbon-containing wastes, ecological conversion, western region of Ukraine
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