Home > Archive > No. 3-4 (172-173) 2017 > 56-75
Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3-4 (172-173) 2017, 56-75.
Serhiy VOVNYUK, Anatoliy HALAMAY, Sophia HRYNIV, Ihor DUDOK, Sophia MAKSYMUK, Andriy POBEREZHSKYY, Daria SYDOR, Iaroslava IAREMCHUK
Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, е-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua
Abstract
Based on the results of mineralogical, petrological and fluid inclusion studies of Phanerozoic evaporates and sedimentary deposits the geochemical criteria of connection of hydrocarbons with evaporite and sedimentary formations have been defined. The study of fluid inclusions containing hydrocarbons has been conducted; the peculiarities of hydrocarbon gases distribution in subsurface sedimentary rocks and their possible connection to potential deep hydrocarbon deposits have been studied in regions of hydrocarbon deposits occurrence; the interaction between organic matter and clay minerals has been studied on the example of evaporate and terrigenous deposits of Carpathian region; the geochemistry of processes of vein minerals forming of different structural zones of Carpathians has been studied in relation to oil- and gas-bearing.
Based on geochemical study of peculiarities of fluid inclusions in halite we can reconstruct PT parameters of alteration and migration of hydrocarbons. The criteria of the hydrocarbon deposits prognosis are as follows: occurrence of bitumen bubbles (or droplets of oil with the hard bitumen crust) in fluid inclusions in halite together with elevated content of methane (above 50 %) and other hydrocarbon gases in inclusions. For the reliable estimation of oil and gas deposits occurrence in the underlying rocks it is important to have correlation between the results of complex geochemical study of fluid inclusions and bitumens in salt.
The direct features of oil and gas bearing (fields of anomalous concentrations of hydrocarbon compounds) determined in subsurface sedimentary complexes allow us to outline prioritized fields of potential hydrocarbon accumulation. The use of gas-geochemical method of study in complex oil and gas prospecting works allows to increase their effectiveness.
It is important to keep in mind during prospecting works for hydrocarbons that trapping of organic compounds (including gases) by interlayer space of clay minerals (in particular smectite) impacts the gas production ability of clay strata.
Mineralogical and geochemical studies of vein formations in sedimentary complexes show that Crosno and Duklya zones and Marmarosh crystalline massive are the most promising oil- and gas-bearing regions of the Eastern Carpathians.
The determined geochemical criteria of hydrocarbon deposits occurrence allow increasing the effectiveness of prospecting works for oil and gas.
Keywords
sedimentary formations, evaporites, Phanerozoic, hydrocarbons, fluid inclusions in halite, geochemical anomalies, clay minerals, vein formations.
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