Tag: catagenesis

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HETEROGENEITY OF LITHOGENESIS OF THE SILURIAN SEDIMENTS OF VOLYNO-PODILLYA

Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (191–192) 2023 > 74–85

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (191–192) 2023, 74–85

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2023.191-192.074

Volodymyr HNIDETS1, Kostjantin HRIGORCHUK2, Lina BALANDIUK

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: 1vgnidets53@gmail.com; 2kosagri@ukr.net

Abstract

The paper examines the features of the lithological-lithmological structure and the regime of catagenesis of the Silurian sediments of the Lishchynska and Rava-Ruska sections of Volyno-Podillya. It is shown that in the direction from the southwest to the northeast, the role of carbonate rocks in the composition of the stratum increases, which is connected with the established facies zonation. However, the structure of the section in these areas is different: in Rava-Ruska, it is more thinly layered. The sediments are also characterized by the spatial and age heterogeneity of the distribution of carbonate lithmites: in the first case, they tend to the boundary of the Upper and Lower and the middle of the Upper Silurian, and in the second case, they are developed in the tops of the Lower, in the lower, middle, and upper parts of the Upper Silurian. Attention is drawn to the significant role of clay and the absence of marl formations in the deposits of the Rava-Ruska-1 well, which testifies to the heterogeneity of sedimentation conditions in the mesopelagial of the Silurian basin. The cyclic nature of Silurian sedimentation is established. At the same time, four regressive episodes are recorded in the Lishchynska area, and five in Rava-Ruska, which may indicate a certain specificity of sedimentation conditions in different parts of the basin. The latter directly affects the peculiarity of the spatial-age distribution of reservoir rocks and aquifers. It is shown that the post-sedimentation transformations are mainly related to the development of authigenic silica and calcite, which is found in both clayey and carbonate rocks. A significant difference in the history of the formation of the oil and gas systems of the Lishchynska and Rava-Ruska areas has been established, which allows us to assess their prospects differently. Thus, in the first case, the generation potential of organic matter of Silurian sediments was largely exhausted by the end of the Mesozoic. In the second, large-scale processes of generation and migration of hydrocarbon fluids began only in Paleogene-Neogene time.

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Keywords

Volynо-Podillya, Silurian sediments, lithological structure, cyclicity, catagenesis

Referenses

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THERMODYNAMICS OF TYPE II KEROGEN TRANSFORMATION

Home > Archive > No. 3 (180) 2019 > 25-40

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3 (180) 2019, 25-40.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2019.03.025

Yuri Khokha, Oleksandr Lyubchak, Myroslava Yakovenko

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv,
e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

The article reviews the chemical structure of type II kerogen. The changes that occur with the structure of type II kerogen as it passes through the stages of catagenesis from immature to post-mature are evaluated. Structural models of type II kerogen at different stages of catagenesis are presented: both obtained empirically after studying the structure by physical and chemical methods and the results of modelling by molecular dynamics method.

Methods of equilibrium thermodynamics are used to calculate the composition of the kerogen–gas system for crust sections in the range of 1–20 km with a heat flux of 40 to 100 mW/m2. The composition of kerogen/fluid geochemical system is calculated using the E. T. Jaynes formalism. It boils down to determining the optimal distribution of 5 elements (C, H, O, N, S) among the 44 additive constituents of the solid phase (i. e., type II kerogen) and other individual components that are included in the system (CO2, H2O, H2S, NH3, CH4, C2H6, C3H8, i-C4H10, n-C4H10, i-C5H12, neo-C5H12, n-C5H12).

Comparison with the experiments showed that the results of the calculations do not contradict the experiments, with study the structure and changes in type II kerogen with increasing degree of catagenesis. In the analysis of changes in the concentrations of water, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, it is founded that kerogen could be not only a donor of atoms for gas components, but also their acceptor in contact with a high-energy fluid stream. It is shown that the determination of sulfur-containing atomic groups of kerogen by thermodynamic modelling yields gives more reliable results than molecular dynamics methods.

Established is that the concept of “methane-graphite death”, which takes place in the state of thermodynamic equilibrium in the transformation of organic matter, is erroneous. The calculation shows that the composition of the kerogen–gas system, in addition to methane and carbon, includes solid-phase heteroatom groups, various additive components of aromatic structures and gases, both organic and inorganic. The distribution of elements between the additive components of kerogen and gases in this system controls the pressure and temperature in a complex way. The nature of changes in hydrocarbon gas concentrations in equilibrium with type II kerogen indicates the presence of an “oil window” in low-warmed zones within 2–4 km depths.

Full Text

Keywords

type II kerogen, catagenesis, “oil window”, equilibrium thermodynamics, Jaynes formalism.

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