Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (189–190) 2023 > 54–65
Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (189–190) 2023, 54–65
https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2023.189-190.054
Anatoliy GALAMAY, Ihor ZINCHUK, Daria SYDOR
Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: galamaytolik@ukr.net
Abstract
It was established that in order to avoid errors in the interpretation of paleotectonic conditions of salt formation based on fluid inclusions in halite, the primary stage of the research should be the genetic identification of the sedimentation textures of halite and fluid inclusions in this mineral. For the thermometric study of inclusions and to determine the depth of the sedimentation basin based on the obtained data, only thermal test chambers are suitable which provide the possibility of observing groups of inclusions in different zones of sedimentary halite, as, for example, in the micro thermal test chamber designed by Prof. V. A. Kalyuzhny.
In the course of the research, the equipment of the thermometric method, which is based on the use of a microthermal test chamber designed by V. A. Kalyuzhny, was modernized. In particular, the material of the thermal chamber (stainless steel) was replaced with copper, which made it possible to avoid excessive thermal gradients into chamber and to increase the permissible heating rate by 20 times due to the higher thermal conductivity of copper. For the same purpose, the glass optical windows of the camera were replaced with leukosapphire windows, which have a much higher thermal conductivity. The measuring system of the installation is made on a miniature platinum resistance thermometer with an electronic measuring unit. These improvements made it possible to achieve high system stability and good reproducibility of measurement results.
Using the thermometric method, it was established that the temperature of sedimentation at the bottom of the Badenian salt basin of the Carpathian region was 19.5–20.5; 20.0–22.0; 24.0–26.0 °C, and on the surface of the brine was 34.0–36.0 °C. On this basis, a model of the basin with a pronounced thermocline and a total thickness of the water column of up to 30 meters was built, which is the most likely to establish the features of sedimentation. Crystallization of halite at different depths in basins with a thermocline can explain the presence of so-called “low-temperature” (24.0–25.0 °C) and “high-temperature” (37.8–42.6 °C) bottom halite in a number of ancient salt-bearing basins.
Keywords
halite, fluid inclusions, thermometric method, thermal chamber, homogenization temperature
Referenses
Acros, D., & Ayora, C. (1997). The use of fluid inclusions in halite as environmental thermometer: an experimental study. In XIV ECROFI: proceedings of the XIVth European Current Research on Fluid Inclusions (Nancy, France, July 1–4, 1997) (pp. 10–11). CNRS-CREGU.
Benison, K. C., & Goldstein, R. H. (1999). Permian paleoclimate data from fluid inclusions in halite. Chemical Geology, 154(1–4), 113–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00127-2
Galamay, A. R., Bukowski, K., Sydor, D. V., & Meng, F. (2020). The ultramicrochemical analyses (UMCA) of fluid inclusions in halite and experimental research to improve the accuracy of measurement. Minerals, 10(9), 823. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10090823
Galamay, A. R., Meng, F., Bukowski, K., Lyubchak, A., Zhang, Y., & Ni, P. (2019). Calculation of salt basin depth using fluid inclusions in halite from the Ordovician Ordos Basin in China. Geological Quarterly, 63(3), 619–628. https://doi.org/10.7306/gq.1490
Halamai, A. R. (2001). Fizyko-khimichni umovy formuvannia badenskykh evaporytovykh vidkladiv Karpatskoho rehionu [Candidateʼs thesis]. Instytut heolohii i heokhimii horiuchykh kopalyn NAN Ukrainy. Lviv. [in Ukrainian]
Halamai, A., Sydor, D., & Liubchak, O. (2014). Osoblyvosti poiavy hazovoi fazy v odnofazovykh ridkykh vkliuchenniakh u haliti (dlia vyznachennia temperatury yoho krystalizatsii). In Mineralohiia: sohodennia i maibuttia: materialy VIII naukovykh chytan imeni akademika Yevhena Lazarenka (prysviacheno 150-richchiu zasnuvannia kafedry mineralohii u Lvivskomu universyteti) (pp. 34–36). Lviv; Chynadiieve. [in Ukrainian]
Kaliuzhnyi, V. A. (1960). Metody vyvchennia bahatofazovykh vkliuchen u mineralakh. Kyiv: Vydavnytstvo AN URSR. [in Ukrainian]
Khrushchov, D. P. (1980). Litologiya i geokhimiya galogennykh formatsiy Predkarpatskogo progiba. Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]
Korenevskiy, S. M., Zakharova, V. M., & Shamakhov, V. A. (1977). Miotsenovyye galogennyye formatsii predgoriy Karpat. Leningrad: Nedra. [in Russian]
Kovalevich, V. M. (1978). Fiziko-khimicheskiye usloviya formirovaniya soley Stebnikskogo kaliynogo mestorozhdeniya. Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]
Kovalevych, V., Paul, J., & Peryt, T. M. (2009). Fluid inclusions in the halite from the Röt (Lower Triassic) salt deposit in Central Germany: evidence for seawater chemistry and conditions of salt deposition and recrystallization. Carbonates and Evaporates, 24(1), 45–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03228056
Lowenstein, T. K., Li, J., & Brown, C. B. (1998). Paleotemperatures from fluid inclusions in halite: method verification and a 100,000 year paleotemperature record, Death Valley, CA. Chemical Geology, 150(3–4), 223–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00061-8
Meng, F., Ni, P., Schiffbauer, J. D., Yuan, X., Zhou, C., Wang, Y., & Xia, M. (2011). Ediacaran seawater temperature: Evidence from inclusions of Sinian halite. Precambrian Research, 184(1–4), 63–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2010.10.004
Meng, F., Zhang, Y., Galamay, A. R., Bukowski, K., Ni, P., Xing, E., & Ji, L. (2018). Ordovician seawater composition: evidence from fluid inclusions in halite. Geological Quarterly, 62(2), 344–352. https://doi.org/10.7306/gq.1409
Petrichenko, O. Y. (1988). Fiziko-khimicheskiye usloviya osadkoobrazovaniya v drevnikh solerodnykh basseynakh. Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]
Petrychenko, O. Y. (1973). Metody doslidzhennia vkliuchen u mineralakh halohennykh porid. Kyiv: Naukova dumka. [in Ukrainian]
Roberts, S. M., & Spencer, R. J. (1995). Paleotemperatures preserved in fluid inclusions in halite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 59(19), 3929–3942. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00253-V
Shanina, S. N., Sokerina, N. V., Galamay, A. R., Ledentsov, V. N., & Onosov, D. V. (2014). Opredeleniye temperatur gomogenizatsii vklyucheniy v galite Yakshinskogo mestorozhdeniya. Vestnik Instituta geologii Komi NTs UrO RAN, 8, 3–6. [in Russian]
Sirota, I., Enzel, Y., & Lensky, N. G. (2017). Temperature seasonality control on modern halite layers in the Dead Sea: In situ observations. GSA Bulletin, 129(9–10), 1181–1194. https://doi.org/10.1130/B31661.1
Sydor, D. V., Halamai, A. R., & Meng, F. (2018). Pirotynova mineralizatsiia u halohennykh vidkladakh Verkhnokamskoho rodovyshcha kaliino-mahniievykh solei (termobaroheokhimichni doslidzhennia). Mineralohichnyi zbirnyk, 68(2), 52–61. [in Ukrainian]
Valyashko, M. G. (1952). Galit, osnovnyye ego raznosti, vstrechayemyye v solyanykh ozerakh, i ikh struktura. Trudy VNIIGalurgii, 23, 25–32. [in Russian]
Vorobyev, Yu. K. (1988). K probleme termometrii po pervichnym vklyucheniyam v mineralakh. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo mineralogicheskogo obshchestva, 117(1), 125–132. [in Russian]
Warren, J. K. (2006). Evaporites: Sediments, Resources and Hydrocarbons. Springer Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-32344-9
Xu, Y., Liu, C., Cao, Y., & Zhang, H. (2018). Quantitative temperature recovery from middle Eocene halite fluid inclusions in the easternmost Tethys realm. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 108, 173–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-018-1648-0
Zambito, J. J., & Benison, K. C. (2013). Extremely high temperatures and paleoclimate trends recorded in Permian ephemeral lake halite. Geology, 41(5), 587–590. https://doi.org/10.1130/G34078.1
Zhang, H., Lü, F., Mischke, S., Fan, M., Zhang, F., & Liu, C. (2017). Halite fluid inclusions and the late Aptian sea surface temperatures of the Congo Basin, northern South Atlantic Ocean. Cretaceous Research, 71, 85–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2016.11.008
Zhao, X., Zhao, Y., Wang, M., Hu, Y., Liu, C., & Zhang, H. (2022). Estimation of the ambient temperatures during the crystallization of halite in the Oligocene salt deposit in the Shulu Sag, Bohaiwan Basin, China. Minerals, 12(4), 410. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12040410
Zinchuk, I. M. (2003). Heokhimiia mineraloutvoriuiuchykh rozchyniv zoloto-polimetalevykh rudoproiaviv Tsentralnoho Donbasu (za vkliuchenniamy u mineralakh) [Candidateʼs thesis]. Instytut heolohii i heokhimii horiuchykh kopalyn NAN Ukrainy. Lviv. [in Ukrainian]