Month: November 2017

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THE LAW GOVERNED NATURE OF NATURAL PROCESSES OF SYNTHESIS OF PERFECT DIAMOND CRYSTALS

Home > Archive > No. 3-4 (172-173) 2017 > 106-111

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3-4 (172-173) 2017, 106-111.

Yosyp M. SVOREN’

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, е-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

Results obtained in the course of the study of inclusions (defects) in minerals have made it possible to establish that the mantle carbon dioxide (CO2) with P = 6,1 MРa and δ13C = (-6,1±0,5) ‰ is an initial source of carbon in the natural processes of synthesis of perfect diamond crystals.

A new mechanism of synthesis of the natural crystals of diamond, pyrope, magnetite, quartz and so on has been developed.

It was shown that under the influence of the powerful impulse of the tectonogenous energy deep faults appear in some sectors of the lithosphere that is to say, tubes through which fusion is rooted and migrates in the direction of the earth’s crust. In the course of migration in the contact zone of «fusion of lithosphere’s rock» due to their interaction-friction a high-voltage electric field of composite form arises in which CO2 is transferred into an energy-excited state, its molecules decay into separate radicals and atoms. In the fused electrolyte, under the influence of the electric field ions-cations are dislocated in definite directions depending upon the field configuration, caused by the magma, contact rocks of the lithosphere and the velocity of the magma movement in the fracture-tube. Being dislocated, these ions ungergo a number of collisions with available molecules, that is to say, CO2 and its atoms and radicals, temporarily forming unstable compounds, get into the zone with available ferrous compounds and so on. Oxygen of CO2 atom-by-atom comes off the molecule and forms FeO·Fe2O3 (magnetite), and for the chemically active atoms of CO2 it is energetically the most favourably to be combined in such medium-fusion, forming a crystal of diamond. Escaped molecules of SiO2 of chemically form a group of garnets, quartz and so on.

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Keywords

bowels of the Earth – natural physical-chemical reactor, fusion, asthenospheric carbon dioxide, perfect diamond crystals, physicochemical reactions.

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DISTRIBUTION AND ORIGIN OF HYDROCARBON GASES IN COAL-BEARING DEPOSITS OF THE LVIV-VOLYN COAL BASIN

Home > Archive > No. 3-4 (172-173) 2017 > 87-105

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1-2 (174-175) 2018, 87-105.

Mykhailo MATROFAILO, Iryna BUCHYNSKA, Andriy POBEREZHSKYY

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, e-mail:igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

After sufficient study, generalizations of all the data available as to stratigraphy, tectonics, lithological composition of coal-bearing series of the basin from the point of view of its potential for gas presence was possible. The composition, nature of coal gases, forms of occurrence and the mode of their burial have been considered. Problems of generation of hydrocarbon gases in the process of coalification of organic substance and their abiogenic origin connected with subsurface processes of the Earth have been studied. The influence of reservoir properties of coal and coal-enclosing rocks, the composition and physical-mechanical features of the immediate roof and the foot of coal seams have been analysed, the dependence of the gas distribution in coal seams and coal-enclosing rocks upon disjunctive tectonic dislocations has been ascertained. The influence of intraformational and epigene washouts upon degassing of coal seams has been investigated. On the basis of construction of schemes of the gas presence in coal seams of some mine fields and on the whole basin the conclusions have been made about the methane distribution in coal-bearing series.
Materials on the assessment of methane resources of the gas-coal fields have been accumulated and systematized as well as the prospects of the modern natural gas presence in coal seams of the deep levels of the basin have been outlined. Optimum conditions of the formation of hydrocarbon gases accumulations have been cited. The conclusions have been made as to the modern extractive potential of gases of coal-bearing series of the Lviv-Volyn Basin as possible source of the improvement of the up-to-date state of the fuel-power complex of the Ukraine.

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Keywords

methane, gas presence, generation, migration, deposits, coal seam, gas-coal fields, resources, Lviv-Volyn coal basin.

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GEOCHEMICAL PECULIARITIES OF THE AQUIFER COMPLEX OF THE VELYKI MOSTY GAS FIELD

Home > Archive > No. 3-4 (172-173) 2017 > 76-86

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3-4 (172-173) 2017, 76-86.

Halyna MEDVID, Maria KOST’, Olga TELEHUZ, Roman PANKIV, Olena PALCHYKOVA, Orysya MAJKUT, Iryna SAKHNYUK

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

Macro- and microcomponent chemical composition of reservoir waters of the Cambrian, Devonian, Carboniferous aquifer complex of the Velyki Mosty gas field and surface water of the Upper Cretaceous sediments are studied. Changes of basic genetic parameters of the ground water with the depth and in the space are analyzed, hydrogeochemical conditions of their origin are found and the coefficient of the hydrogeological closing of bowels is calculated .

Formation waters of the Cambrian and Devonian complex have high salinity, low sulfurity and chlorine-bromine factor and belong to the chloride-calcium type with high degree of the metamorphism. Groundwater of the Carboniferous period is characterized by lower salinity, high sulfurity and hydrocarbonate-sodium type. It was found that Cambrian and Devonian aquifers are zones of delayed water exchange according the coefficient of closing of structures and Carboniferous aquifer is a zone of considerable water exchange.

Surface water of the Upper Cretaceous sediments are unleavened, slightly alkaline with hydrocarbonate calcium composition. High values permanganate oxidizability in the waters of the river indicate the impact of the technogenesis. Hydrocarbonate calcium composition of drinking water from Senon-Turonian horizon of the Upper Cretaceous indicates no impact of deep water.

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Keywords

hydrogeology, ecology, Velyki Mosty gas field, aquifer complex, coefficient of closing of structures, groundwater and surface water.

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THE GEOCHEMICAL CRITERIA OF CONNECTION OF HYDROCARBON DEPOSITS WITH EVAPORITES AND SEDIMENTARY FORMATIONS OF PHANEROZOIC (ON THE EXAMPLE OF OIL AND GAS BEARING BASINS OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE)

Home > Archive > No. 3-4 (172-173) 2017 > 56-75

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3-4 (172-173) 2017, 56-75.

Serhiy VOVNYUK, Anatoliy HALAMAY, Sophia HRYNIV, Ihor DUDOK, Sophia MAKSYMUK, Andriy POBEREZHSKYY, Daria SYDOR, Iaroslava IAREMCHUK

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, е-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

Based on the results of mineralogical, petrological and fluid inclusion studies of Phanerozoic evaporates and sedimentary deposits the geochemical criteria of connection of hydrocarbons with evaporite and sedimentary formations have been defined. The study of fluid inclusions containing hydrocarbons has been conducted; the peculiarities of hydrocarbon gases distribution in subsurface sedimentary rocks and their possible connection to potential deep hydrocarbon deposits have been studied in regions of hydrocarbon deposits occurrence; the interaction between organic matter and clay minerals has been studied on the example of evaporate and terrigenous deposits of Carpathian region; the geochemistry of processes of vein minerals forming of different structural zones of Carpathians has been studied in relation to oil- and gas-bearing.

Based on geochemical study of peculiarities of fluid inclusions in halite we can reconstruct PT parameters of alteration and migration of hydrocarbons. The criteria of the hydrocarbon deposits prognosis are as follows: occurrence of bitumen bubbles (or droplets of oil with the hard bitumen crust) in fluid inclusions in halite together with elevated content of methane (above 50 %) and other hydrocarbon gases in inclusions. For the reliable estimation of oil and gas deposits occurrence in the underlying rocks it is important to have correlation between the results of complex geochemical study of fluid inclusions and bitumens in salt.

The direct features of oil and gas bearing (fields of anomalous concentrations of hydrocarbon compounds) determined in subsurface sedimentary complexes allow us to outline prioritized fields of potential hydrocarbon accumulation. The use of gas-geochemical method of study in complex oil and gas prospecting works allows to increase their effectiveness.

It is important to keep in mind during prospecting works for hydrocarbons that trapping of organic compounds (including gases) by interlayer space of clay minerals (in particular smectite) impacts the gas production ability of clay strata.

 Mineralogical and geochemical studies of vein formations in sedimentary complexes show that Crosno and Duklya zones and Marmarosh crystalline massive are the most promising oil- and gas-bearing regions of the Eastern Carpathians.

The determined geochemical criteria of hydrocarbon deposits occurrence allow increasing the effectiveness of prospecting works for oil and gas.

Full Text

Keywords

sedimentary formations, evaporites, Phanerozoic, hydrocarbons, fluid inclusions in halite, geochemical anomalies, clay minerals, vein formations.

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DEVONIAN OF THE TEISSEYRE−TORNQUIST ZONE IN THE SOUTHWESTERN MARGIN OF THE EAST EUROPEAN PLATFORM (UKRAINE)

Home > Archive > No. 3-4 (172-173) 2017 > 41-55

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3-4 (172-173) 2017, 41-55.

Danylo DRYGANT

State Museum of Natural History of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, e-mail: d.drygant@gmail.com

Abstract

The Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone (TTZ) in the southwestern (Volyn-Podolian) margin of the East European Platform is an graben feature up to 75 km-wide. It is distinguished by most deepened (about 3200-4000 m) base of Paleozoic succession and by maximal increased thickness of the Silurian deposits. The graben is formed by marine sediments of Cambrian (520 m), Ordovician (about 150 m), Silurian (900-1500 m) and Devonian (about 1900 m thick) in age. Silurian sections are represented by monotonous sequence of dark graptolite shales (boreholes Rava-Ruska-1, Lishchynska-1, Zahaypil-1) or by claystones interbedded within the nodular limestone layers (bor. Krekhiv-1). Devonian deposits in TTZ, as elsewere in southwestern margin of the Platform, conformably overlay Silurian strata and form with them an uninterrupted succession of the marine deposition (however, boundary between systems is not well-expressed by change of lithology in sections).

Lithologically less changeable (of glimpse) successions of Lower Devonian, ranging in age from the Lochkovian to the Emsian, are divisible into two units named as series: Tyver (lower 530 m) and Dniester (upper 485 m). Sections of the first of them unlike, in contrast to typical outcrops in Podolia, are mainly represented by shales (bor. Rava-Ruska-1, 1342-1872 m), shales and siltstones (bor. Lishchyny-1, 2046-2576 m) or by alternating of dark- and red-colored sandstones, siltstones also claystones (bor. Krekhiv-1, 2472-3002 m), rarely occur limestones and marls (bor. Davydeny-1, 1664-2194 m). Deposits identified as belonging to Dniester Series and compound by dark and red colored sandstone, siltstone and claystone rocks, are discovered in borholes Krekhiv-1 (1986-2472 m), Nesteriv-1 (1620-2056 m), Lishchyny-1 (1560-2046 m).

Middle–Upper Devonian deposits (nearly 895 m thick) in TTZ form with underlying strata a continuous succession of marine sediments (without any interruption in sedimentation in passing from Lower Devonian into Eifelian also in passing from Famennian into Carboniferous). Deposits in lower part of interval, redefined as Middle and Upper Devonian in age, consist of multicoloured hemipelagic sandstones, siltstones and claystones (bor. Krekhiv-1, Vel. Mosty-30). sections in the northeastern part of the Volyn-Podolian (eastward of the Ustyluh-Rohatyn displacement zone) are formed mainly by limestones and dolostones (bor. Lytovezh-1, Sokal’-1 and oth.). The stratigraphic gap between Eifelian and oldest deposits gradual increases to eastern margin of Middle Paleozoic sedimentary basin.

Regional investigation of the geophysical logs and discovered rocks in boreholes showed that the Devonian as well the oldest Paleozoic deposits in TTZ are continuous, unfolded and unfaulted also with steady thickness of synchronogenetic stratigraphic unites in different sections.

Full Text

Keywords

Devonian, Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone, Volyn-Podillya, East European Platform.

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METHODICAL ASPECTS OF FORECASTING OF COMPOUND-BUILT RESERVOIR ROCKS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF SEMYRENKIVSKYI OIL AND GAS CONDENSATE DEPOSITS OF DNIEPER-DONETS BASIN)

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Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3-4 (172-173) 2017, 29-40.

Ivan GAFICH1, Yaroslav LAZARUK2, Igor SCHUROV3

1 DTEK Oil&Gas, Kyiv, e-mail: GafichIP@dtek.com
2 Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, e-mail: lazaruk_s@i.ua
3 DTEK Oil&Gas, Kyiv, e-mail: SchurovIV@ngv.com.ua

Abstract

The complex of geological and geophysical studies for predicting reservoir rocks of oil and gas fields has been suggested. For this purpose, structure-paleogeomorphological, lithofacial, borehole geophysical and seismic studies related to a particular algorithm of work are used. Practical application of complex of mentioned methods has been demonstrated on the example of Semyrenkivskyi oil and gas condensate deposits of Dnieper-Donets basin. The prediction results of reservoir rocks have been demonstrated. They are supposed to be used for selection the optimal allocation of operation, test and prospecting boreholes.

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Keywords

reservoir, lithofacies, paleogeomorphology, oil and gas, deposit.

Referenses

Lazaruk, Ya. (2006). Theoretical aspects and methods of finding of hydrocarbon deposits in non-anticlinal traps (for example, deposits of ХІІа microfaunal horizon of Dnieper-Donets basin). Kyiv: UkrDGRI.

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GEOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF THE PROCESSES OF HYDROCARBON MIGRATION AND ACCUMULATION OF THE UKRAINE’S OIL- AND GAS-BEARING REGION

Home > Archive > No. 3-4 (172-173) 2017 > 9-28

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3-4 (172-173) 2017, 9-28.

Olesya SAVCHAK

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

The Eastern oil- and gas-bearing region of Ukraine is the youngest one as regards the discovery of commercial hydrocarbon deposits and the greatest one in terms of volume of explored reserves and hypothetical resources. It is confined to the Dnieper-Donets Depression. There were more then 240 hydrocarbon deposits discovered here. We have analyses the geochemical composition of oil and condensate for 3 main structural-tectonic elements of the region: northern, southern edges and depression, as well as we have carried out comparative analysis of the composition of natural hydrocarbons within the limits of the region. The analysis of the peculiarities of geological structure and oil and gas presence together with available geochemical data has made it possible to come to a conclusion about that the formation of oil and gas deposits in the Eastern oil- and gas-bearing region was caused both by lateral and vertical migration of hydrocarbons.

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Keywords

geochemical features, migration, hydrocarbons, Eastern oil- and gas-bearing region of Ukraine.

Referenses

Dolenko, G. N. (1990). Geologiya i geokhimiya nefti i gaza. Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]

Ivaniuta, M. M. (Ed.). (1998). Atlas rodovyshch nafty i hazu Ukrainy. Vol. 1–3. Skhidnyi naftohazonosnyi rehion. Lviv. [in Ukrainian]

Savchak, O. Z. (2015). Heodynamichni aspekty roztashuvannia rodovyshch nafty i hazu naftohazonosnykh provintsii Ukrainy. In Heolohiia horiuchykh kopalyn: materialy Mizhnarodnoi naukovoi konferentsii (Kyiv, 2–4 veresnia 2015 r.) (pp. 96–98). Kyiv. [in Ukrainian]

Savchak, O. Z. (2016). Heokhimichnyi aspekt protsesiv mihratsii vuhlevodniv Skhidnoho naftohazonosnoho rehionu Ukrainy. In Perspektyvy naroshchuvannia resursnoi bazy naftohazovoi enerhetyky: Mizhnarodna naukovo-tekhnichna konferentsiia (25–27 travnia 2016 r.) (pp. 104–106). Ivano-Frankivsk. [in Ukrainian]

Savchak, O. Z. (2017). Heokhimichni aspekty protsesiv naftohazonahromadzhennia naftohazonosnykh rehioniv Ukrainy. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1–2 (170–171), 154–156. [in Ukrainian]

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SPREADING OF THE MESOZOIC PLATFORM DEPOSITS TO THE SOUTH-WEST

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Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3-4 (172-173) 2017, 5-8.

Chrystyna ZAYATS

Ukrainian Oil and Gas Academy, Lviv

Abstract

From the seismic data the extent of the perspective on oil and gas of the Mesozoic sediments is considered on a south-west of the Western region of Ukraine. The boundary of сretacions formations in and character Precarpation of Mesozoic paleorelief are described under of thrust the Carpathians to the Uzhotsky tectonical deformations zone as south-western boundary of the East European Craton.

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Keywords

Mesozoic sediments, erosive paleorelief, paleochannels, oil and gas prospective objects.

Referenses

Senkovskyi, Yu. M. (1998). Heolohichna paleookeanohrafiia Karpatskoho sehmenta kontynentalnoi okrainy okeanu Tetis (kreidovyi period). Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 3, 3–15. [in Ukrainian]

Senkovskyi, Yu. M., Koltun, Yu. V., Hryhorchuk, K. H., Hnidets, V. P., Popp, I. T., & Radkovets, N. Ya. (2012). Bezkysnevi podii okeanu Tetis. Kyiv: Naukova dumka. [in Ukrainian]

Zaiats, Kh. (2013). Hlybynna budova nadr Zakhidnoho rehionu Ukrainy na osnovi seismichnykh doslidzhen i napriamky poshukovykh robit na naftu i haz. Lviv: Tsentr Yevropy. [in Ukrainian]

Zaiats, Kh. B., Moroshan, R. P., & Dovhyi, I. I. (2000). Osoblyvosti davnoho eroziinoho reliefu mezopaleozoiskoi osnovy Peredkarpatskoho prohynu za seismichnymy danymy. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1, 60–64. [in Ukrainian]