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GEOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF MOBILE FORMS OF Pb, Cd, As, and Hg IN PEATLANDS OF THE LVIV REGION

Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (199–200) 2025 > 25–43

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (199–200) 2025, 25–43

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2025.199-200.025

Myroslav PAVLYUK1, Myroslava YAKOVENKO2, Yurii KHOKHA3, Olga SERDІUKOVA4

1, 2, 3 Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: 1pavlyuk.myroslav@gmail.com; 2myroslavakoshil@ukr.net; 3khoha_yury@ukr.net
4 V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, e-mail: serd.64@ukr.net

Abstract

The aim of the work was to quantitatively characterize the spatial‑stratigraphic variability of mobile forms of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) in peatlands of the Lviv Region and to identify the main physicochemical factors of their accumulation.

Materials and methods. 26 samples from six peatlands (Bilohorshcha, Honchary, Hamaliivka, Artyshchiv, Polonychna, Sknylivok) were studied along profiles 0–140 cm at 20 cm intervals. Mobile forms of Pb, Cd, As were determined by ICP AES after extraction with 0.2 M HCl, whereas Hg was measured by direct thermal decomposition-amalgamation AAS (NIC MA 3 Solo) without prior wet extraction. pH, ash content (Ash), moisture content (W), and organic matter content were measured. Statistical processing included descriptive statistics, geoaccumulation index (GI), Spearman correlations, hierarchical clustering (Ward) and PCA with varimax rotation.

Results. The studied peat deposits of the Lviv Region are characterized by a high proportion of organic matter (median = 83.95 %), variable ash content (9.69–37.08 %) and an acidic-to-weakly neutral environment (pH = 4.40–7.69). Mobile forms of Pb, Cd, As and Hg show high spatial stratigraphic variability and lognormal distributions; coefficients of variation are ≈ 236–263–136 % for Pb, Cd and Hg, respectively, while As has moderately high variability (≈ 82 %). According to the averaged concentration coefficients normalized to the median, the geochemical spectrum is: Cd (3.57) > Pb (3.02) > Hg (1.28) > As (1.20). Comparison with lithospheric and soil reference levels indicates persistent enrichment in Cd, whereas Hg is generally at background to subbackground levels (Igeo ≤ 0), with Pb and As mostly not exceeding background except for local anomalies. The vertical structure is mosaic: Hg shows modest near-surface increases with no stable deep maxima and no significant geoaccumulation (Igeo < 0); Pb frequently peaks near the surface but exhibits a deep maximum in the Honchary profile (60–80 cm); Cd forms contrasting intraprofile anomalies (Honchary, 60–80 cm), and As combines near-surface increases with a deep peak (Hamaliivka, 120–140 cm), indicating the role of redox gradients and mineral admixture. Multivariate analyses (correlation, clustering, PCA) before and after ash normalization consistently reveal a stable cationic Pb–Cd block, organic control of As, and moisture-redox-acid-base control on Hg, separating the roles of organic and mineral phases in forming profile anomalies and providing a basis for further monitoring.

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Keywords

peat, geochemistry, mobile forms, lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, Lviv Region

Referenses

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Kempter, H., & Frenzel, B. (1999). The local nature of anthropogenic emission sources on the elemental content of nearby ombrotrophic peat bogs, Vulkaneifel, Germany. Science of the Total Environment, 241(1–3), 117–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00331-9

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Miszczak, E., Stefaniak, S., Michczyński, A., Steinnes, E., & Twardowska, I. (2020). A novel approach to peatlands as archives of total cumulative spatial pollution loads from atmospheric deposition of airborne elements complementary to EMEP data: priority pollutants (Pb, Cd, Hg). Science of the Total Environment, 705, 135776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135776

Nieminen, T. M., Ukonmaanaho, L., & Shotyk, W. (2002). Enrichment of Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and As in an ombrotrophic peat bog near a Cu–Ni smelter in Southwest Finland. Science of the Total Environment, 292(1–2), 81–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00028-1

Tekhnichnyi komitet standartyzatsii “Gruntoznavstvo” (TK 142) ta Natsionalnyi naukovyi tsentr “Instytut gruntoznavstva ta ahrokhimii im. O. N. Sokolovskoho” (2015). Yakist gruntu. Vyznachennia zolnosti torfu i torfovoho gruntu (DSTU 7942:2015). Kyiv. [in Ukrainian]

Ukonmaanaho, L., Nieminen, T. M., Rausch, N., & Shotyk, W. (2004). Heavy Metal and Arsenic Profiles in Ombrogenous Peat Cores from Four Differently Loaded Areas in Finland. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 158, 277–294. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:WATE.0000044860.70055.32

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SEDIMENTATION AND POSTSEDIMENTATION TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE MIOCENE ROCK COMPLEX OF THE OUTER ZONE OF THE PRECARPATHIAN TROUGH

Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (199–200) 2025 > 13–24

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (199–200) 2025, 13–24

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2025.199-200.013

Ihor MYKHAILOVSKYI

LLC “BURPROEKT”, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: igormykhailovskyi@ukr.net

Abstract

The aim of the research is to clarify the influence of the Badenian-Sarmatian sedimentary accumulation on the autochthonous part of the Precarpathian trough and the nature of consolidation and postsedimentation dislocations in the middle of the upper molasses. The research methods are based on a detailed correlation of well sections within individual megablocks of the Outer zone of the trough and a comparison of the obtained results, establishing the connections of the sedimentary accumulation with the paleogeomorphological features of the pre-Neogene erosional surface. The Miocene epoch of the development of the Outer zone of the Precarpathian trough was accompanied by regional transgression with the accumulation of a thick layer of Badenian-Sarmatian, mainly terrigenous sediments. The erosion system created in the early Miocene in areas not involved in the processes of the late Alpine orogenesis, preserved its main structural features under the layer of the upper molasses. The lithofacies features of the latter were directly dependent on a number of factors, the main of which are the lithological composition of the supply sources, the distance from the zone of active erosion processes, the mechanisms and routes of sedimentary material transportation, the mobility of the sedimentation basin and post-sedimentary transformations at different stages of sediment consolidation. The granulometric composition, the degree of sorting and the heterogeneity of the clastic material were largely controlled by the paleorelief of the bottom of the sedimentation basin and its dynamics. The main factor in the formation of discontinuous and plicative dislocations within the upper molasse complex were the forces of gravity, which were especially activated in areas with significant slope steepness. This led to the formation of regional and local slip-landslides, which were accompanied by antithetical (compensatory) disturbances.

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Keywords

deflection, depression, abutment, tectonic disturbances, denudation, erosion surface

Referenses

Andreichuk, M. M. (2006). Do pytannia osadonahromadzhennia verkhnobadenskykh porid u Kolomyiskii systemi paleovriziv Zovnishnoi zony Peredkarpatskoho prohynu. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1, 66–76. [in Ukrainian]

Andreichuk, M. M. (2012). Rol doneohenovykh eroziinykh protsesiv u formuvanni strukturnykh elementiv Zovnishnoi zony Peredkarpatskoho prohynu. Visnyk Lvivskoho universytetu. Seriia heolohichna, 26, 212–220. [in Ukrainian]

Andreichuk, M. M. (2013). Osoblyvosti heolohichnoi budovy i pastky vuhlevodniv Zovnishnoi zony Peredkarpatskoho prohynu [Extended abstract of Candidateʼs thesis]. Lviv. [in Ukrainian]

Cheban, O. V. (2000). Osoblyvosti budovy hazovykh rodovyshch Zovnishnoi zony Peredkarpatskoho prohynu i napriamky yikh dorozvidky. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 4, 106–108. [in Ukrainian]

Cheban, O. V. (2004). Vplyv dyziunktyvnykh porushen na umovy formuvannia pokladiv vuhlevodniv pivnichno-zakhidnoi chastyny Zovnishnoi zony Peredkarpatskoho prohynu [Extended abstract of Candidateʼs thesis]. Lviv. [in Ukrainian]

Halamai, A. R. (2001). Fizyko-khimichni umovy formuvannia evaporytovykh vidkladiv Karpatskoho rehionu [Extended abstract of Candidateʼs thesis]. Lviv. [in Ukrainian]

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Krupskyi, Yu. (2020). Heolohiia i naftohazonosnist Zakhidnoho rehionu Ukrainy. Lviv: SPOLOM. [in Ukrainian]

Krupskyi, Yu. Z., Andreichuk, M. M., & Chepil, P. M. (2006). Obstanovky osadkonahromadzhennia v miotseni Zovnishnoi zony Peredkarpatskoho prohynu i naftohazonosnist. Heolohichnyi zhurnal, 1(315), 27–41. [in Ukrainian]

Lazaruk, Ya., Zaiats, Kh., & Pobihun, I. (2013). Hravitatsiinyi tektohenez Bilche-Volytskoi zony Peredkarpatskoho prohynu. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1–2(162–163), 5–16. [in Ukrainian]

Pavliukh, O. (2009). Osoblyvosti heolohichnoi budovy ta formuvannia pokladiv hazu v Zovnishnii zoni Peredkarpatskoho prohynu. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 3–4(148–149), 31–43. [in Ukrainian]

Pelipchak, B. P. (1985). Zonalnyi prognoz neftegazonosnosti baden-sarmatskikh otlozhenii Bilche-Volitckoi zony Predkarpatskogo progiba [Extended abstract of Candidateʼs thesis]. Lvov. [in Russian]

Pobihun, I., & Hryvniak, H. (2011). Osoblyvosti rozryvnoi tektoniky Zovnishnoi zony Peredkarpatskoho prohynu i Volyno-Podilskoi plyty. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1–2(154–155), 139–140. [in Ukrainian]

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INCREASE OF HYDROCARBON PRODUCTION FROM RESERVOIR ROCKS FORMED IN THIN-LAYERED NEOGENE DEPOSITS OF THE BILCHE-VOLYTSKA AREA OF THE FORECARPATHIAN

Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (199–200) 2025 > 5–12

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (199–200) 2025, 5–12

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2025.199-200.005

Dmytro FEDORYSHYN1, Oleksandr TRUBENKO2, Serhii FEDORYSHYN3, Taras LINKO4

1, 2, 3 Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine,
e-mail: 1dmytro.fedoryshyn@nung.edu.ua; 2geotom@nung.edu.ua; 3serhii.fedoryshyn@nung.edu.ua
4 JSC “Tysmenytsiagas”, Tysmenytsia, Ukraine,
e-mail: 4taras.lenko-a103-23@nung.edu.ua

Abstract

The paper addresses to the topical scientific and practical issue of enhancing the efficiency of hydrocarbon recovery from reservoir rocks formed in thin-bedded Neogene deposits of the Bilche-Volytska zone in the Precarpathian Basin. The reservoirs in this region are characterized by complex lithological structure, significant layering, variability in granulometric composition, and generally low filtration and storage properties. An additional complicating factor is the high heterogeneity of the strata, which manifests itself in both horizontal and vertical directions, significantly affecting the efficiency of oil and gas extraction using traditional methods.

The paper provides a detailed analysis of the geological prerequisites for the formation of thin-bedded sandstone-siltstone complexes, including their petrophysical characteristics, such as porosity, permeability, cementation type, and fluid saturation degree. Considerable attention is paid to the study of the filtration properties of rocks in the context of the spatial variability of reservoir parameters that determine the productive potential of wells. The influence of structural and tectonic factors on the formation of traps and the distribution of reservoir zones is considered separately.

The main factors limiting well yields in such geological conditions are analyzed, and possible ways to optimize development are considered. Improving geological and geophysical models, applying modern intensification methods, in particular hydraulic fracturing and acid treatment, as well as introducing technologies for detailed zoning of productive intervals, are promising areas for improving production efficiency. The work emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive approach that combines geological analysis, laboratory research, and modelling of filtration processes to ensure the rational and efficient development of resources in this complex category of reservoirs.

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Keywords

rock, pore space, porosity, electrical resistivity, clay content

Referenses

Fedyshyn, V. O. (2005). Nyzkoporysti porody-kolektory hazu promyslovoho pryznachennia. Kyiv: UkrDHRI. [in Ukrainian]

Fedoryshyn, D. D., Fedoryshyn, S. D., Starostin, A. V., & Koval, Ya. M. (2006). Prychyny nyzkoomnosti porid-kolektoriv ta otsinka kharakteru yikh nasychennia v umovakh naftohazovykh rodovyshch Ukrainy. Rozvidka ta rozrobka naftovykh i hazovykh rodovyshch, 3, 35–40. [in Ukrainian]

Hrytsyshyn, V. I. (1987). Kompleksne vyvchennia kolektoriv naftovykh i hazovykh rodovyshch Prykarpattia (№ 195/88). IFINH. Ivano-Frankivsk. [in Ukrainian]

Hrytsyshyn, V. I. (2012). Petrofizychna kharakterystyka kolektoriv naftovykh i hazovykh rodovyshch Karpatskoho rehionu i Dniprovsko-Donetskoi zapadyny. Ivano-Frankivsk: NTSh, Ivano-Frankivskyi oseredok. [in Ukrainian]

Nesterenko, M. Yu. (2010). Petrofizychni osnovy obgruntuvannia fliuidonasychennia porid-kolektoriv. Kyiv: UkrDHRI. [in Ukrainian]

Petkevych, H. I., Sheremeta, O. V., & Prytulko, H. I. (1979). Metodyka petrofizychnoho vyvchennia kolektoriv nafty i hazu, v umovakh modeliuvannia plastiv. Kyiv: Naukova dumka. [in Ukrainian]

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LITHOLOGICAL-PETROPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF NEOGENE DEPOSITS OF TRANSCARPATHIAN OIL- AND GAS-BEARING AREA

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (197–198) 2025 > 34–42

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (197–198) 2025, 34–42

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2025.197-198.034

Ihor KUROVETS, Ihor HRYTSYK, Zoriana KUCHER, Roman-Danyil KUCHER, Yulia LYSAK, Svitlana MELNYCHUK, Stepan MYKHALCHUK, Liudmyla PETELKO, Oleksandr PRYKHODKO, Pavlo CHEPUSENKO

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: i.kurovets@gmail.com

Abstract

While searching and prospecting for hydrocarbon deposits, the efficiency of geological-prospecting works, exactly selection of optimal technologies of deposits discovering and their extraction, to a considerable extent depends on the availability of reliable information on probable types of reservoir rocks and their petrophysical properties. Here the results of researches of Neogene deposits of Transcarpathian deep of the Carpathian oil- and gas-bearing province were stated. Methods of researches contained an analysis of available geological-petrophysical information on lithological-petrographical, structural-textural peculiarities and petrophysical properties of deposits, laboratory investigations of core, mathematical-statistical processing of data, study of correlation ties between capacity-filtration and industrial-geophysical parameters, studies of the influence of geological factors upon the formation of different types of reservoir rocks.

In the Transcarpathian deep, industrial accumulation of gas were reveald in deposits of Badenian, Sarmatian and Pannonian and fractured ones. In the Badenian complex, gravelites, sandstones, aleurolites and at least tuffs and tuffites are reservoir rocks. Open porosity of sand resevoirs is from 8 to 22 per cent mainly, and permeability: (0.1–20.2) ∙ 10−3 μm2, open porosity of tuffaceous rocks varies from 3.7 to 24.4 per cent, and permeability from 0.1 ∙ 10−3 to 31.5 ∙ 10−3 μm2. Main role in improvement of capacity-filtration properties of reservoir rocks in undersalt thickness belongs to fracturing. In the Sarmatian deposits, sandstones and tuff rocks are reservoir rocks. Porosity of terrigenous reservoirs is from 10 to 20 per cent and permeability reaches 5 ∙ 10−3 μm2, porosity of tuffs and tuffites varies from 7.1 to 9 per cent, and permeability: (0.1–176) ∙ 10−3 μm2. Sand rocks that are characterizes by high capacity-filtration properties are known to be reservoir rocks in Pontian-Pannonian deposits. Open porosity is from 9.5 to 27 per cent, and permeability: (0.02–140) ∙ 10−3 μm2.

Thus, executed researches have indicated that in the sedimentary complex, reservoir rocks of different type from low-porous consolidated granular to composite-structured porous-fractured-cavernous were present that was caused by the influence of sedimentary, geotectonic, thermobaric, geothermical and other geological factors that rocks underwent in the course of their forming.

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Keywords

Transcarpathian oil- and gas-bearing area, Neogene deposits, types of hydrocarbon reservoir rocks, lithological-petrophysical properties

Referenses

Artym, I. V., Kurovets, S. S., Zderka, T. V., Yarema, A. V., & Kurovets, I. M. (2019). Development of the rocks fracturing model on the Carpathian region example. In 18th International Conference on Geoinformatics – Theoretical and Applied Aspects. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers. https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201902064

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Krupskyi, Yu. (2017). Novi uiavlennia pro heolohichnu budovu i perspektyvy naftohazonosnosti Zakhidnoho naftohazonosnoho rehionu. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1–2(170–171), 76–77. [in Ukrainian]

Kurovets, I., Hrytsyk, I., Prykhodko, O., Chepusenko, P., Kucher, Z., Mykhalchuk, S., Melnychuk, S., Lysak, Yu., & Petelko, L. (2021). Petrofizychni modeli vidkladiv menilitovoi svity olihotsenovoho flishu Karpat i Peredkarpatskoho prohynu. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 3–4(185–186), 33–43. https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2021.03-04.033 [in Ukrainian]

Kurovets, I., Lysak, Yu., Chepusenko, P., Mykhalchuk, S., Kucher, R.-D. (2019). Heoloho-petrofizychna kharakterystyka vidkladiv syluru Volyno-Podilskoi okrainy Skhidnoievropeiskoi platformy. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 4(181), 17–31. https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2019.04.017 [in Ukrainian]

Kurovets, I., Prytulka, H., Shyra, A., Shuflyak, Yu., & Peryt, T. M. (2011). Petrophysical properties of the Pre-Miocene rocks of the Outer zone of the Ukrainian Carpathian Foredeep. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 81(3), 363–373.

Kurovets, S. S., Artym, I. V., & Kurovets, I. M. (2018). Researching the fracturing of the reservoir rocks. Journal of Hydrocarbon Power Engineering, 5(1), 1–6.

Maksymchuk, S., & Duchuk, S. (2017). Perspektyvy vidkryttia novykh skupchen vuhlevodniv v mezhakh Solotvynskoi ploshchi Zakarpatskoho prohynu (za danymy heofizychnykh i heokhimichnykh doslidzhen). Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1–2(170–171), 95–96. [in Ukrainian]

Pavliuk, M., Naumko, I., Lazaruk, Ya., Khokha, Yu., Krupskyi, Yu., Savchak, O., Rizun, B., Medvediev, A., Shlapinskyi, V., Kolodii, I., Liubchak, O., Yakovenko, M., Ternavskyi, M., Hryvniak, H., Triska, N., Seniv, O., & Huzarska, L. (2022). Rezerv naftohazovydobutku Zakhidnoho rehionu Ukrainy (Digital ed.). Lviv. http://iggcm.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/РЕЗЕРВ-НАФТОГАЗОВИДОБУТКУ-ЗАХІДНОГО-РЕГІОНУ-УКРАЇНИ.pdf [in Ukrainian]

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HYDROGEOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE GENESIS, MIGRATION AND FORMING OF HYDROCARBON FIELDS IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE PRE-BLACK SEA AQUIFEROUS BASIN

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (197–198) 2025 > 26–33

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (197–198) 2025, 26–33

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2025.197-198.026

Ivanna KOLODIY1, Olena ANIKEYEVA2

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: 1ivannakolodiy@gmail.com; 2geolena@ukr.net

Abstract

The model of forming of hydrocarbon deposits in the aquatic part of the Pre-Black Sea aquiferous basin substantiates by the set of hydrogeochemical, gas-geochemical, geotemperature, and hydrodynamic data. The model is based on modern views on the geodynamic history of development and makes it possible to state that the formation of gas-vapour systems occurred in the lower reaches of the sedimentary stratum of the riftogen at high pressures and temperatures and the presence of water. The basis of gas-vapour systems was both thermocatalytic and subcrustal (mantle) gases. Active heat and mass transfer of fluids during Alpine tectonogenesis continues to this day, which is confirmed by geothermal anomalies caused by the upward discharge of groundwater, endogenous gases – methane, helium, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, etc. The probable migration paths are sublatitudinal disjunctive dislocations and decompression zones in areas where tensile forces were manifested against the background of regional compression, for example, in places where faults of different directions intersect. As a result of gas migration, especially through clayey rocks, sorption of heavy hydrocarbons occurred, which determined gas-geochemical zoning. Gas migration was realized in a free high-temperature gas-vapour phase, which filled the traps, displacing or compressing the formation water. Active heat and mass transfer affects to the hydro- and gas-hydrogeochemical zoning and the filling of existing traps with hydrocarbons.

Practical significance. Hydrogeochemical features such as water-dissolved gases and condensation water are the direct indicators of oil and gas potential. Hydrogeological model can be used to forecast deposits in other oil and gas-bearing regions (in particular, the Carpathian Foredeep).

Full Text

Keywords

Pre-Black Sea aquiferous basin, Karkinit-Northern Crimean trough, hydrogeological peculiarities, water-dissolved gases, condensate waters, hydrocarbons, vertical migration

Referenses

Gozhyk, P. F. (Ed.). (2007). Oil and gas prospective objects of Ukraine. Scientific and practical bases of hydrocarbon fields prospecting in the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea. Kyiv: EKMO. [in Ukrainian]

Ivaniuta, M. M. (Ed.). (1998). Atlas of oil and gas fields of Ukraine: Vol. 6. Southern oil-and-gas-bearing region. Lviv: Tsentr Yevropy. [in English & Ukrainian]

Kolodiy, I. V. (2001). Hydrogeochemical features of the Golitsyno gas-condensate field. In Proceed. of youth sc. conf. “Earth Science – 2001” (pp. 64–65). Lviv: Ivan Franko National University of Lviv. [in Ukrainian]

Kolodiy, I. V. (2014). Expected localization of hydrocarbon deposits of the Black Sea aquiferous basin based on hydrogeochemical indications. Visnyk of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Series “Geology, Geography, Ecology”, 41(1128), 32–36. [in Ukrainian].

Kolodiy, I. V., & Medvid, H. B. (2018). Hydrogeological characteristics of the Lower Cretaceous terrigenous complex of the Karkinit-Northern Crimean Deep in the aspect of its potential for oil and gas presence. Visnyk of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Series “Geology, Geography, Ecology”, 49, 59–69. https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2018-49-05 [in Ukrainian]

Kolodiy, I., & Medvid, H. (2019). Forecast estimation of oil and gas reserves of Lower Cretaceous sediments in Karkinit-Northern Crimean deep (by gas-hydrogeochemical indicators). Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals, 3(180), 90–99. https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2019.03.090 [in Ukrainian]

Kolodiy, V. V. (1971). On the origin of the hydrogeochemical anomalies in the October oil and Western-October gas-condensate fields. Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals, 27, 10–19. [in Russian]

Kolodiy, V. V., & Kolodiy, I. V. (2002). The model of forming gas fields of the Northern Black Sea aquiferous basin. Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals, 4, 11–20. [in Ukrainian]

Kutas, R. Y. (2010). Geothermal conditions of the Black Sea basin and its surroundings. Geophysical journal, 32(6), 135–158. https://doi.org/10.24028/gzh.0203-3100.v32i6.2010.117453 [in Russian]

Pavlyuk, M. І., Varichev, S. O., & Rizun, B. P. (2002). Oil and gas formation and geodynamic models of forming of oil and gas-bearing provinces. Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals, 1, 3–11. [in Ukrainian]

Zhabina, N., Anikeyeva, O., Kolodiy, I., & Mintuzova, L. (2015). New data on the stratigraphy of deposits and hydrogeochemical conditions of Pradnieper Area (north- western part of the Black Sea shelf). Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, 3(70), 18–22. https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.70.03 [in Ukrainian]

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HYDROGEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF OIL-BEARING PROPERTIES OF THE HVIZDETS OIL FIELD (Boryslav-Pokuttia oil and gas region)

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (197–198) 2025 > 14–25

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (197–198) 2025, 14–25

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2025.197-198.014

Vasyl HARASYMCHUK¹, Halyna MEDVID¹, Olha TELEHUZ¹, Ivanna KOLODIY¹, Myroslav SPRYNSKYI²

1 Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua
2 Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Republic of Poland, e-mail: kontakt@umk.pl

Abstract

The hydrogeological characteristics of the structures of the Hvizdets oil field have been studied. Specific features of the underground waters of the field, which determine the presence of hydrocarbon accumulations, have been identified for potential application in other areas of the investigated region when searching for new deposits.

It has been found that in all aquifers of the field, the reservoir pressure exceeds the hydrostatic pressure by a magnitude of 3 to 13 MPa. The highest pressure values are recorded both within the oil- and gas-bearing contour and near the oil-water contact. It has been established that high values of the reservoir water overpressure reflect the dense hydrodynamic isolation of individual aquifers and sections of the Hvizdets oil field and directly indicate their high hydrogeological favourability for preserving deposits. The spatial distribution of hydrodynamic vectors points to potential migration paths of fluids towards both the Bilche-Volytsia zone of the Precarpathian foredeep and the Skyba zone of the Carpathians.

The macro-component composition, contents of trace elements, and the component ratios of reservoir waters of the Hvizdets oil field reflect quasi-stagnant hydrogeological conditions, favourable for preserving hydrocarbon deposits here. The presence of bicarbonate-sodium waters of the Menilite sediments with reduced total dissolved solids and increased bicarbonate ion content is considered a direct hydrogeological criterion resulting from the reduction of sulfur from sulfates when underground waters interact with hydrocarbons in the dispersion halo of the oil deposit.

The gas-hydrogeochemical features of oil presence include the increase in water gas saturation when approaching the deposit and the increase in the relative proportion of methane homologues in the composition of dissolved gases.

Full Text

Keywords

hydrocarbon deposits, hydrogeological criteria of oil- and gas-bearing properties, aquifer, reservoir pressure, macro-components, micro-components

Referenses

Havrylenko, K. S., Demediuk, M. S., & Arkhildieieva, Ye. O. (1971). Porivnialna kharakterystyka khimichnoho skladu pidzemnykh vod Peredkarpatskoho i Zakarpatskoho prohyniv v aspekti otsinky naftohazonosnosti nadr. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 27, 52–60. [in Ukrainian]

Ivaniuta, M. M. (Ed.). (1998). Atlas rodovyshch nafty i hazu Ukrainy: Vol. 4. Zakhidnyi naftohazonosnyi rehion. Lviv: Tsentr Yevropy. [in Ukrainian]

Kolodii, V. V. (1985). Podzemnye kondensatcionnye i soliutcionnye vody neftianykh, gazokondensatnykh i gazovykh mestorozhdenii. Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]

Kolodii, V. V. (1998). Vilni ta vodorozchyneni hazy Karpatskoi naftohazonosnoi provintsii. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1(102), 53–63. [in Ukrainian]

Kolodii, V. V., Boiko, H. Yu., Boichevska, L. T., Bratus, M. D., Velychko, N. Z., Harasymchuk, V. Yu., Hnylko, O. M., Danysh, V. V., Dudok, I. V., Zubko, O. S., Kaliuzhnyi, V. A., Kovalyshyn, Z. I., Koltun, Yu. V., Kopach, I. P., Krupskyi, Yu. Z., Osadchyi, V. H., Kurovets, I. M., Lyzun, S. O., Naumko, I. M., . . . Shcherba, O. S. (2004). Karpatska naftohazonosna provintsiia. Lviv; Kyiv: Ukrainskyi vydavnychyi tsentr. [in Ukrainian]

Kolodii, V. V., Kolodii, I. V., & Maievskyi, B. Y. (2009). Naftohazova hidroheolohiia. Ivano-Frankivsk: Fakel. [in Ukrainian]

Kolodii, V. V., Sprynskyi, M. I., Pankiv, R. P., & Haievskyi, V. H. (1996). Ridkisni luzhni elementy v plastovykh vodakh Lopushnianskoho naftovoho rodovyshcha. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1–2, 45–53. [in Ukrainian]

Lozinskii, V. A., & Bankovskii, V. P. (1972). Gidrokhimicheskii razrez Vnutrennei zony Predkarpatskogo progiba. Geologiia nefti i gaza, 11, 27–34. [in Russian]

Lozinskii, V. A., & Romaniuk, A. F. (1969). Gidrogeologicheskie osobennosti Bitkovskogo neftegazonosnogo raiona. Geologiia nefti i gaza, 5, 18–22. [in Russian]

Novosiletskyi, R. M. (1969). Plastovi vody u nadrakh Ukrainy. Kyiv: Tekhnika. [in Ukrainian]

Orlov, A. A. (1980). Anomalno plastovye davleniia v neftegazonosnykh oblastiakh Ukrainy. Lvov: Vyshcha shkola. [in Russian]

Osadchyi, V. H., Kurovets, I. M., Hrytsyk, I. I., & Melnychuk, S. P. (2005). Termobarychni parametry produktyvnykh horyzontiv vuhlevodniv i rodovyshch Karpatskoi naftohazonosnoi provintsii. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1, 28–35. [in Ukrainian]

Romaniuk, A. F., & Iarosh, E. N. (1985). Malomineralizovannye vody neftianykh i gazokondensatnykh mestorozhdenii Borislavsko-Pokutskoi zony Predkarpatskogo progiba. In Malomineralizovannye vody glubokikh gorizontov neftegazonosnykh provintcii (pp. 27–32). Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]

Romaniuk, A. F., Lykhomanova, I. M., & Tesliar, I. F. (1973). Pro hidrokhimichni anomalii v paleohenovykh vidkladakh hazokondensatnykh rodovyshch Rosilna i Kosmach. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 34, 59–64. [in Ukrainian]

Shchepak, V. M. (1971). Naftohazoposhukove znachennia amoniiu v pidzemnykh vodakh Peredkarpatskoho prohynu. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 23, 83–91. [in Ukrainian]

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ABOUT PATENT AND INVENTIVE WORK AT THE INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF COMBUSTIBLE MINERALS OF NAS OF UKRAINE IN 2024

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (197–198) 2025 > 111–114

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (197–198) 2025, 111–114

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2025.197-198.111

Oleg GVOZDEVYCH

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: senslviv@ukr.net

Abstract

The results of inventive work at the Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in 2024 were considered:

– the method of obtaining thermal energy from mine workings includes pumping mine water and ventilation air to the day surface, extracting low-potential thermal energy using heat pumps, and supplying heated water to consumers;

– the method of thermal coal processing includes continuous sectional loading of coal, gradual heating, regulation of the speed of section movement, temperature control of the process, and production of gas, liquid, and solid products;

– the three-section unit for heat recovery from mine workings includes supply and storage pipelines for mine water and ventilation air, appropriate heat exchangers, heat pumps, and a heated water storage tank with a discharge pipeline;

– the energy complex for the processing of carbon-containing raw materials includes a raw material gasifier that produces a mixture of combustible gases, carbon dioxide CO2 and warm water as gasification products.; The complex additionally includes a bioreactor, which, after gasification, receives carbon dioxide and a portion of the waste heat water, which intensify the growth of algae in the bioreactor for processing in a separate module into as biofuel;

– the method of underground gasification of coal for synthesis gas and methane production were implemented at temperatures from 950 to 1 150 °C and a pressure of 0.5 to 1.0 MPa. We produce methane-containing coal gas from the coalcontaining thickness above the gasification layer;

– the method of combined conversion of non-conditional coal includes the production of synthesis gas of CO + H2 at gasification of a water coal pulp in a ratio of 1:1 in a coil reactor, simultaneous pyrolysis of lump coal in the reactor, exhaust of CO, H2, CH4, CO2 with the production of resin products;

– the method of predicting enriched horizons of metal-bearing deposits includes geological and structural processing and interpretation of the study area, allocation of promising areas in the search for elements, calculation of their density, construction of maps, diagrams, schemes and determination of the structure of objects, analysis of the relief and establishment of block and ring structures, which are used to predict promising objects in terms of mineral deposits in the study area.

Full Text

Keywords

patent for invention of Ukraine in 2024, utility model, method

Referenses

Akimov, A. A., & Hvozdevych, O. V. (2024). Enerhetychnyi kompleks pererobky vuhletsevmisnoi syrovyny (Patent na vynakhid Ukrainy (korysna model) № 155353). Biuleten, 8. https://sis.nipo.gov.ua/uk/search/detail/1785052/ [in Ukrainian]

Hvozdevych, O. V., Kulchytska-Zhyhailo, L. Z., & Buchynska, I. V. (2024). Sposib pidzemnoi hazyfikatsii vuhillia dlia otrymannia syntez-hazu ta metanu (Patent na vynakhid Ukrainy (korysna model) № 157389). Biuleten, 41. https://sis.nipo.gov.ua/uk/search/detail/1822745/ [in Ukrainian]

Hvozdevych, O. V., Podolskyi, M. R., Kulchytska-Zhyhailo, L. Z., Poberezhskyi, A. V., & Buchynska, I. V. (2024). Sposib kombinovanoi konversii nekondytsiinoho vuhillia (Patent na vynakhid Ukrainy (korysna model) № 157772). Biuleten, 47. https://sis.nipo.gov.ua/uk/search/detail/1827871/ [in Ukrainian]

Naumko, I. M., Batsevych, N. V., Fedoryshyn, Yu. I., & Hvozdevych, O. V. (2024). Sposib prohnozuvannia zbahachenykh horyzontiv metalonosnykh rodovyshch (Patent na vynakhid Ukrainy (korysna model) № 157865). Biuleten, 49. https://sis.nipo.gov.ua/uk/search/detail/1831397/ [in Ukrainian]

Podolskyi, M. R., Hvozdevych, O. V., Bryk, D. V., Poberezhskyi, A. V., & Kulchytska-Zhyhailo, L. Z. (2024). Sposib otrymannia teplovoi enerhii z shakhtnoi vyrobky (Patent na vynakhid Ukrainy (korysna model) № 155176). Biuleten, 4. https://sis.nipo.gov.ua/uk/search/detail/1781315/ [in Ukrainian]

Podolskyi, M. R., Hvozdevych, O. V., & Kulchytska-Zhyhailo, L. Z. (2024a). Sposib termichnoho pereroblennia vuhillia (Patent na vynakhid Ukrainy (korysna model) № 155394). Biuleten, 8. https://sis.nipo.gov.ua/uk/search/detail/1785062/ [in Ukrainian]

Podolskyi, M. R., Hvozdevych, O. V., & Kulchytska-Zhyhailo, L. Z. (2024b). Trysektsiina ustanovka dlia otrymannia teplovoi enerhii z shakhtnoi vyrobky (Patent na vynakhid Ukrainy (korysna model) № 156243). Biuleten, 22. https://sis.nipo.gov.ua/uk/search/detail/1801143/ [in Ukrainian]

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GENERATION POTENTIAL OF THE DEVONIAN ROCKS OF THE VOLYN-PODILLYA PLATE

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (197–198) 2025 > 5–13

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (197–198) 2025, 5–13

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2025.197-198.005

Natalia RADKOVETS1, 2, Yuriy KOLTUN1, Ihor SHAYNOHA2

1 Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: radkov_n@ukr.net
2 Ivan Franko Lviv National University, Lviv, Ukraine

Abstract

Since the 1960s, two gas fields (Lokachi and Velyki Mosty) have been discovered in the Devonian sequence of the Volyn-Podillya Plate, and numerous gas shows have been observed in the Lokachi, Olesko, Horokhiv, and Oglyadiv areas. Organic-rich rocks within the Volyn-Podillya Plate are widespread in the Lower, Middle and Upper Devonian strata. They are represented by terrigenous, clayey and carbonate layers.

The objective of this study is to investigate the generation potential of the Devonian rocks of the Volyn-Podillya Plate and the possibility of their participation in the petroleum system of the region. Geochemical studies covered the entire territory of the Volyn-Podillya Plate as well as the entire chronological interval of the Devonian strata.

Rock-Eval pyrolysis studies showed that the content of total organic carbon in the Lower Devonian organic-rich rocks ranges from 0.01 to 0.45 % (average values 0.12 %). The organic matter in these rocks contains mainly kerogen of marine origin type II, and has undergone primary and/or secondary oxidation processes.

The content of total organic carbon in Middle Devonian sediments varies: in rocks of the Eifelian Stage from 0.02 to 0.64 % (average values 0.08 %), in Givetian from 0.01 to 2.35 % (average values 0.19 %), in Frasnian from 0.04 to 1.43 % (average values 0.08 %), in Famennian from 0.07 to 0.10 % (average values 0.09 %).

The thermal maturity level of the Lower (Lochkovian Stage), Middle (Eifelian, Givetian Stages) and Upper (Frasnian, Famennian Stages) Devonian ranges from immature to overmature rocks.

The Middle and Upper Devonian rocks are dominated by type II marine kerogen, which underwent primary oxidation during sedimentation and/or secondary hydrothermal oxidation of dispersed organic matter during dolomitization. The pyrolysis temperature Tmax varies from 422 to 527 °C, demonstrating that the degree of thermal transformation of kerogen ranges from immature to overmature, with a significant part of the sediments being within the zones of generation of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons, which indicates the significant role of Devonian sediments in the formation of the petroleum system of the region.

Geochemical studies of the generation properties of the Middle and Upper Devonian sediments within the Volyn-Podillya Plate showed that they can be considered as oil and gas source rocks in the Upper Paleozoic sequence.

Full Text

Keywords

organic carbon, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, kerogen type, thermal maturity, hydrocarbon potential

Referenses

Espitalie, J., Deroo, G., & Marquis, F. (1985). La pyrolyse Rock-Eval et ses applications. Deuxieme partie. Revue de l’Institut Francais du Petrole, 40(6), 755–784. https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst:1985045

Helcel-Weil, M., & Dzięgielowski, J. (2003). Lublin Basin – petroleum prospecting results and their importance for future exploration. Przegląd Geologiczny, 51, 764–770.

Kotarba, M. J., Więcław, D., Kosakowski, P., Wróbel, M., Buła, Z., Matyszkiewicz, J., Krajewski, M., Kowalski, A., & Koltun, Y. V. (2011). Petroleum systems and prospectives of hydrocarbon exploration in the Palaeozoic-Mesozoic basement (SE Poland and western Ukraine). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 81, 487–522. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260564752

Krupskyi, Yu. Z., Kurovets, I. M., Senkovskyi, Yu. M., Mykhailov, V. A., Kurovets, S. S., & Bodlak, V. P. (2014). Netradytsiini dzherela vuhlevodniv Ukrainy: Vol. 2. Zakhidnyi naftohazonosnyi rehion. Kyiv: Nika-Tsentr. [in Ukrainian]

Peters, K. E., & Cassa, M. R. (1994). Applied source rock geochemistry. In L. B. Magoon & W. G. Dow, (Eds.), The petroleum system – from source to trap (pp. 93–120). AAPG Memoir, 60. https://doi.org/10.1306/M60585C5

Radkovets, N. (2016). Lower Devonian lithofacies and palaeoenvironments in the southwestern margin of the East European Platform (Ukraine, Moldova and Romania). Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 65(4), 200–213. https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2016.18

Radkovets, N., & Koltun, Y. (2022). Dynamics of sedimentation within the southwestern slope of the East European Platform in the Silurian-Early Devonian. Geodynamics, 32(1), 36–48. https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2022.02.036

Radkovets, N., & Koltun, Y. (2023). Lithology, facies and dynamics of formation of the Albian-Cenomanian reservoir rocks of the Pokuttya-Bukovyna part of the Carpathian autochthon. Geodynamics, 34(1), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2023.01.037

Radkovets, N., Koltun, Yu., & Loktiev, A. (2024). Poshyrennia ta rechovynnyi sklad porid, zbahachenykh rozsiianoiu orhanichnoiu rechovynoiu, u rozrizi devonu Volyno-Podilskoi plyty. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 193–194(1‒2), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2024.193-194.022 [in Ukrainian]

Radkovets, N., Kotarba, M., & Wójcik, K. (2017). Source rock geochemistry, petrography of reservoir horizons and origin of natural gas in the Devonian of the Lublin and Lviv basins (SE Poland and western Ukraine). Geological Quarterly, 61(3), 569–589. https://doi.org/10.7306/gq.1361

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CLAY MINERALS ASSOCIATIONS OF THE UPPER NEOPROTEROZOIC-LOWER CAMBRIAN MARLS OF THE SALT RANGE FORMATION, PAKISTAN

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (197–198) 2025 > 91–110

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (197–198) 2025, 91–110

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2025.197-198.091

Yaroslava YAREMCHUK1, Fanwei MENG2, Sophiya HRYNIV1, Serhiy VOVNIUK1, Nadiya HORODECHNA1

1 Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: slava.yaremchuk@gmail.com
2 China University of Mining and Technology (CUMT), Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China, e-mail: fwmeng@isl.ac.cn

Abstract

The peculiarities of the mineral composition of the pelitic fraction of marls of the Upper Neoproterozoic- Lower Cambrian Salt Range Formation are considered as a reflection of the influence of regional and global factors on the formation of clay minerals.

The pelitic fraction of 53 marl samples of Salt Range Formation taken in the Salt Range in the Khewra Gorge was studied: from the Sahwal Marl Member (48 samples), the Bhandar Kas Gypsum Member (2 samples), and the upper part of the Billianwala Salt Member (3 samples).

According to a set of analyzes (X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energydispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX)), the determined association of clay minerals is represented by illite, chlorite, corrensite, chlorite-corrensite, chlorite-smectite, smectite, illite-smectite and in some samples also defective chlorite and defective corrensite occurs. Smectite, chlorite, and mixed-layer chlorite-smectite are magnesian trioctahedral minerals, illite is ferruginous dioctahedral, indicating their authigenic origin. A significant amount of labile minerals and phases in the associations is caused by a combination of the effects of contemporary volcanism, low brine concentration of the evaporite basin, and the presence of organic matter, mainly bitumen. Volcanic activity together with low brine concentration contributed to the formation of labile clay minerals and mixed-layer phases, and their interaction with organic compounds slowed down the processes of aggradation transformation.

The increased magnesium content and the presence of magnesian clay minerals in the pelitic fraction of the studied deposits are characteristic of evaporite deposits formed from SO4-rich seawater type, which is consistent with the sulfate seawater type in the Neoproterozoic.

Full Text

Keywords

Neoproterozoic, clay minerals, X-ray diffraction, marls, Salt Range Formation, Pakistan

Referenses

Ahmad, W., & Alam, S. (2007). Organic geochemistry and source rock characteristics of Salt Range Formation, Potwar Basin, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Hydrocarbon Research, 17, 37–59.

Allen, P. A. (2007). The Huqf Supergroup of Oman: Basin development and context for Neoproterozoic glaciations. Earth-Science Reviews, 84(3–4), 139–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2007.06.005

Baker, D. M., Lillie, R. J., Yeats, R. S., Johnson, G. D., Yousuf, M., & Zamin, A. S. H. (1988). Development of the Himalayan frontal thrust zone: Salt Range, Pakistan. Geology, 16(1), 3–7. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016%3C0003:DOTHFT%3E2.3.CO;2

Bilonizhka, P., Iaremchuk, Ia., Hryniv, S., & Vovnyuk, S. (2012). Clay minerals of Miocene evaporites of the Carpathian Region, Ukraine. Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, 449, 137–146.

Bodine, M. W., Jr. (1983). Trioctahedral clay mineral assemblages in Paleozoic marine evaporite rocks. In Sixth International Symposium on Salt (Vol. 1, pp. 267–284). Alexandria: Salt Institute.

Brigatti, M. F., Galan, E., & Theng, B. K. G (2006). Structures and mineralogy of clay minerals. Іn F. Bergaya, B. K. G. Theng, & G. Lagaly (Eds.), Developments in Clay Science: Vol. 1. Handbook of Clay Science (Chapter 2, pp. 19–86). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1572-4352(05)01002-0

Brindley, G. W. (1961). Chlorite minerals. In G. Brown (Ed.), The X-ray identification and crystal structures of clay minerals (pp. 242–296). The Mineralogical Society, London.

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DETERMINATION AND DISTRIBUTION of Na, K, Li, Ca, and Ba MOBILE FORMS IN PEAT OF THE LVIV REGION BY FLAME SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (197–198) 2025 > 75–90

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (197–198) 2025, 75–90

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2025.197-198.075

Myroslava YAKOVENKO1, Yurii KHOKHA2

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: 1myroslavakoshil@ukr.net; 2khoha_yury@ukr.net

Abstract

The article presents the results of determining the quantitative content and geochemical features of the distribution (including depth distribution), accumulation, migration, and origin of Na, K, Li, Ca, and Ba mobile forms in peat from selected representative deposits and areas of the Lviv Region (Bilogorshcha, Honchary, Hamaliivka, Artyshchiv, Polonychna, Sknylivok), and identifying the main factors affecting the unevenness of their concentration. The analyses were performed using the flame spectrophotometry method with two low-temperature flame spectrophotometers: FP910 (PG Instruments) and FF-200 (Cole-Parmer, Jenway). This method is distinguished by its simplicity, speed, expressivity, high sensitivity, reliability, and relatively low equipment cost.

Mathematical and statistical processing of the quantitative characteristics of the distribution of Ca, Ba, Na, K, and Li mobile forms content in the studied peatlands of the Lviv Region was carried out using MS Excel 2019 and Statistica 12 software packages. Employing correlation (calculation and construction of correlation matrices and profiles), cluster, and factor (principal component method) analyses, the degree of dependence between variables and typomorphic geochemical associations of mobile forms of chemical elements in the researched environment were established. The values of the limits of local background fluctuations and the level of element content deviations were determined; the values of the concentration coefficients relative to the background (median) content were calculated.

The vertical distribution of Ca, Ba, Na, K, and Li mobile forms along the peat deposit profiles showed that the content of K and Na decreases with depth for all researched deposits, as well as Ca, Ba, and Li (except Honchary deposit). It was established that the vertical distribution of the studied elementsʼ mobile forms in peat deposits is characterized by maxima in the upper peat horizon and contact layers with mineral soil (0–40 cm), which is mainly due to biological accumulation and aeolian input. An exception is the uneven distribution of Ca, Ba, and Li in the Honchary peat deposit, where a significant enrichment with freshwater mollusk shells is observed, particularly at a depth of 80–120 cm.

Full Text

Keywords

peat, mobile forms, elemental analysis, flame spectrophotometry

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