Author: GGCMJournal

Posted on by

ESTIMATION OF THE METHANE-GENERATING CAPACITY OF FOSSIL ORGANIC MATTER

Home > Archive > No. 1 (201) 2026 > 51–62

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1 (201) 2026, 51–62

ISSN 0869-0774 (Print), ISSN 2786-8621 (Online)

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2026.201.051

Yurii KHOKHAa, Oleksandr LYUBCHAKb, Myroslava YAKOVENKOc

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine

a e-mail: khoha_yury@ukr.net, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8997-9766
b e-mail: oleksandr.lyubchak@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0700-6929
c e-mail: myroslavakoshil@ukr.net, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8967-0489

Abstract

The methane-generative capacity of fossil organic matter (FOM) controls both the resource potential of sedimentary successions (natural gas) and the environmental implications of CH4 generation and migration. While equilibrium thermodynamic models provide an upper bound for methane yield, methane generation in geological settings is predominantly kinetic-controlled, and comprehensive equilibrium/kinetic reconstructions often require detailed structural inputs that are unavailable in routine practice.

Aim. To develop a minimal-parameter, chemically consistent framework for quantifying methane generation from FOM in the “solid organic matrix–fluid” system using measurable quantities and a kinetics-centered descriptor applicable under limited structural information.

Approach and methods. Methane formation is treated as a radical-controlled demethanation process, formalized by the rate expression d[CH4]/dt = k[CH3][H]. Here [CH3] denotes the amount of structural methyl fragments (–CH3) bound within the macromolecular matrix (kerogen/coal/peat), whereas [H] represents the pool of chemically bound donor hydrogen, excluding –OH and –COOH hydrogen in the baseline formulation. Conditions under which protonic (heterolytic) stages may become significant (high polarity, pore water, strong acidity/alkalinity, Lewis-acid catalysis, oxidants, transition metals, mineral surfaces, irradiation) are outlined, and it is shown that explicitly accounting for such pathways would substantially complicate the kinetic equation set. An analytical solution is discussed together with a practical reduction to an exponential law, [CH4] = [CH4]0 + [CH3]0 (1 − e−t/τ), where the characteristic time τ is defined from the initial slope of the methane accumulation curve CH4(t) and can be estimated graphically via the tangent at t = 0. The paper specifies an experimental–analytical workflow to determine [CH4]0 by gas chromatography and to quantify the –CH3 reservoir using direct structural methods: FTIR spectroscopy (integration of –CH3/–CH2 bands with spectral approximation and peak separation of overlapping features) and quantitative solid-state 13C MAS NMR (integration of methyl carbon at 0–22 ppm, with explicit separation of methoxyl O–CH3 at 55–60 ppm when peat/soils are considered). Product-oriented techniques (pyrolysis GC/GC-MS and Rock-Eval) are discussed as complementary controls of CH4 release during thermal decomposition.

Key results and interpretation. The proposed framework reduces methane-generative capacity to two experimentally anchored descriptors: the structural reservoir of methyl fragments and the kinetic parameter τ, interpreted as an integral measure of reactive-site accessibility and the overall rate of radical transformations in a given matrix. Using τ enables laboratory characterization within shortened observation windows, by passing the impracticality of directly determining k on geological time scales, and provides a consistent basis for comparing samples of different origin and maturity. The applicability domain is delineated, emphasizing external factors capable of shifting mechanisms and kinetics (O2, water, mineral/metal catalysis, oxidants, irradiation), and the necessity to discriminate aliphatic –CH3 from methoxyl O–CH3 in oxygen-rich matrices is highlighted.

Conclusion and significance. The study delivers an analytically transparent and experimentally verifiable route to quantify methane-generative capacity of FOM as the coupled outcome of a measurable –CH3 structural reserve and the characteristic time τ. The approach is suitable for comparative assessments across kerogen, coal, peat and soil organic matrices and provides a methodological foundation for further predictive modelling.

Full Text

Keywords

organic matter, kerogen, methane, methane generation, kinetics, FTIR, 13C MAS NMR, programmed pyrolysis

Referenses

Behar, F., Beaumont, V., & Penteado, H. L. de B. (2001). Rock-Eval 6 technology: performances and developments. Oil & Gas Science and Technology, 56(2), 111–134. https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst:2001013

Galimov, E. M. (1988). Sources and mechanisms of formation of gaseous hydrocarbons in sedimentary rocks. Chemical Geology, 71(1–3), 77–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(88)90107-6

Henry, A. A., & Lewan, M. D. (1999). Comparison of kinetic-model predictions of deep gas generation (No. 99-326). U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99326

Ibarra, J. V., Muñoz, E., & Moliner, R. (1996). FTIR study of the evolution of coal structure during the coalification process. Organic Geochemistry, 24(6–7), 725–735. https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(96)00063-0

Johnson, R. L., & Schmidt-Rohr, K. (2014). Quantitative solid-state 13C NMR with signal enhancement by multiple cross polarization. Journal of Magnetic Resonance, 239, 44–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2013.11.009

Kenney, J. F., Kutcherov, V. A., Bendeliani, N. A., & Alekseev, V. A. (2002). The evolution of multicomponent systems at high pressures: VI. The thermodynamic stability of the hydrogen–carbon system: The genesis of hydrocarbons and the origin of petroleum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(17), 10976–10981. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.172376899

Khokha, Yu., Liubchak, O., & Yakovenko, M. (2019). Termodynamika transformatsii kerohenu II typu. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 3(180), 25–40. https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2019.03.025 [in Ukrainian]

Khokha, Yu. V., Pavliuk, M. I., Yakovenko, M. B., & Liubchak, O. V. (2020). Termodynamichna rekonstruktsiia rezhymiv evoliutsii orhanichnoi rechovyny Dniprovsko-Donetskoi zapadyny. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Instytutu heolohichnykh nauk NAN Ukrainy, 13, 3–13. https://doi.org/10.30836/igs.2522-9753.2020.215156 [in Ukrainian]

Khokha, Yu. V., Yakovenko, M. B., & Lyubchak, O. V. (2020). Entropy maximization method in thermodynamic modelling of organic matter evolution at geodynamic regime changing. Geodynamics, 2(29), 79–88. https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2020.02.079

Khramov, V., & Liubchak, O. (2009). Mekhanizm heneratsii metanu v porovomu prostori vuhillia. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 3–4(148–149), 44–54. [in Ukrainian]

Kuwatsuka, S., Tsutsuki, K., & Kumada, K. (1978). Chemical studies on soil humic acids: 1. Elementary composition of humic acids. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 24(3), 337–347. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.1978.10433113

Lai, D., Zhan, J. H., Tian, Y., Gao, S., & Xu, G. (2017). Mechanism of kerogen pyrolysis in terms of chemical structure transformation. Fuel, 199, 504–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.03.013

Sweeney, J. J., & Burnham, A. K. (1990). Evaluation of a simple model of vitrinite reflectance based on chemical kinetics. AAPG Bulletin, 74(10), 1559–1570. https://doi.org/10.1306/0C9B251F-1710-11D7-8645000102C1865D

Tissot, B. P., & Welte, D. H. (2013). Petroleum formation and occurrence. Springer Science & Business Media.

Verhelska, N. V. (2016). Teoretychni osnovy perervno-neperervnoho formuvannia vuhilno-vuhlevodnevykh formatsii [Extended abstract of Doctorʼs thesis, Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine]. Kyiv. [in Ukrainian]

Wei, L., Yin, J., Li, J., Zhang, K., Li, C., & Cheng, X. (2022). Mechanism and controlling factors on methane yields catalytically generated from low-mature source rocks at low temperatures (60–140 °C) in laboratory and sedimentary basins. Frontiers in Earth Science, 10, 889302. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.889302

Zherebetska, L., Khokha, Yu., Liubchak, O., & Khramov, V. (2011). Mekhanizm heneratsii metanu z orhanichnoi chastyny vuhillia. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1–2(154–155), 56–57. [in Ukrainian]

Received: January 25, 2026
Accepted: February 20, 2026
Published: April 21, 2026

Posted on by

GEOCHEMISTRY OF HALOGENESIS AND POST-SEDIMENTARY MINERALOGENESIS OF SELECTED EVAPORITE BASINS IN CHINA AND TURKEY IN RELATION TO THE FORMATION OF MINERAL RESOURCE COMPLEXES

Home > Archive > No. 1 (201) 2026 > 63–89

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1 (201) 2026, 63–89

ISSN 0869-0774 (Print), ISSN 2786-8621 (Online)

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2026.201.063

Anatoliy GALAMAYa, Daria SYDORb, Sofiia MAKSYMUKc, Oksana OLIIOVYCH-HLADKAd

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine

a e-mail: galamaytolik@ukr.net, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4864-6401
b https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5704-3748
c https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6301-9988
d https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7678-1725

Abstract

Comprehensive studies of Messinian salt-bearing deposits of the Tuz Gölü Basin (Turkey) and Pleistocene deposits of the Qaidam Basin (China) have established the physicochemical causes of changes in brine composition in salt-forming basins and reconstructed the crystallization conditions of halite, glauberite, and polyhalite. These results contribute to the theoretical framework of salt mineralogenesis in applied evaporite studies and serve as geochemical criteria for predicting salt deposits. Particular attention to the identification of evaporite genesis was given to the preliminary investigation of the origin of fluid inclusions in halite.

According to the results of brine studies of fluid inclusions in halite from the Tuz Gölü Basin, the sources of salts in the basin were both continental and marine waters. A decrease in potassium concentration in basin brines is related to their interaction with organic matter and clay of continental origin. Since the concentration of sedimentary brines and their potassium content remained low throughout salt accumulation, this indicates a lack of potential for the occurrence of potash-bearing units within the salt sequence. The removal of sulfate ions and part of sodium from the brines at certain stages of basin evolution was caused by the formation of glauberite during periods of halted halite deposition. Repeated significant increases in sulfate ion concentrations in basin brines, followed by abrupt decreases, indicate favourable conditions for the occurrence of glauberite-bearing units within the depositional sequence.

According to the study of salt-bearing deposits of the Qaidam Basin, the principal mechanism of polyhalite formation was the salting-out of gypsum, which was transformed into polyhalite during the sedimentary stage. The sources of calcium in the sulfate-type salt-forming basin were continental fresh waters as well as pore and intercrystalline brines of chemogenic–terrigenous sediments. It was determined that the temperature regime of bottom brines during sedimentogenesis played a key role in the transformation of gypsum into polyhalite. Relics of potassium–magnesium minerals in the studied samples and elevated magnesium contents in the brines of secondary fluid inclusions indicate that part of the polyhalite may have formed through the replacement of sylvite and carnallite in the deposits due to calcium input from solutions associated with nearby oil accumulations. The established physicochemical conditions of polyhalite formation in the basin expand the theoretical understanding of polyhalite mineralization in fundamental and applied studies and represent geochemical criteria for predicting its deposits.

Detailed investigation of chemical paleooceanography, the features of salt mineral formation with specific chemical compositions in basins, and the discrimination between marine and continental salt-forming basins makes a significant contribution to understanding the genetic nature of evaporite-related mineral resources and to improving their future exploration and prediction.

Full Text

Keywords

fluid inclusions, halite, glauberite, polyhalite, sources of salts

Referenses

Akgün, F., Kayseri-Özer, M. S., Tekin, E., Varol, B., Şen, Ş., Herece, E., Gündoğan, İ., Sözeri, K., & Us, M. S. (2021). Late Eocene to Late Miocene palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental dynamics of the Ereğli–Ulukışla Basin (Southern Central Anatolia). Geological Journal, 56(2), 673–703. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.4021

Andeskie, A. S., & Benison, K. C. (2020). Using sedimentology to address the marine or continental origin of the Permian Hutchinson Salt Member of Kansas. Sedimentology, 67(2), 882–896. https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12665

Ayora, C., Garcia-Veigas, J., & Pueyo, J. J. (1994). The chemical and hydrological evolution of an ancient potash-forming evaporite basin as constrained by mineral sequence, fluid inclusion composition, and numerical simulation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58(16), 3379–3394. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90093-0

Benison, K. C., & Goldstein, R. H. (1999). Permian paleoclimate data from fluid inclusions in halite. Chemical Geology, 154(1–4), 113–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00127-2

Charykova, M. V., Kurilenko, V. V., & Charykov, N. A. (1992). Temperatures of formation of certain salts in sulfate-type brines. Journal of Applied Chemistry of the USSR, 65(6), 1037–1040.

Demir, E., & Varol, E. (2022). Origin and palaeodepositional environment of evaporites in the Bala sub-basin, Central Anatolia, Türkiye. International Geology Review, 65(11), 1900–1922. https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2022.2114021

Doebelin, N., & Kleeberg, R. (2015). Profex: a graphical user interface for the Rietveld refinement program BGMN. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 48, 1573–1580. https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576715014685

Dumon, M., & Van Ranst, E. (2016). PyXRD v0.6.7: a free and open-source program to quantify disordered phyllosilicates using multi-specimen X-ray diffraction profile fitting. Geoscientific Model Development, 9, 41–57. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-41-2016

Ercan, H. Ü., Karakaya, M. Ç., Bozdağ, A., Karakaya, N., & Delikan, A. (2019). Origin and evolution of halite based on stable isotopes (δ37Cl, δ81Br, δ11B and δ7Li) and trace elements in Tuz Gölü Basin, Turkey. Applied Geochemistry, 105, 17–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2019.04.008

Galamay, A. R., Karakaya, M. Ç., Bukowski, K., Karakaya, N., & Jaremchuk, Y. (2023). Geochemistry of brine and paleoclimate reconstruction during sedimentation of Messinian salt in the Tuz Gölü Basin (Türkiye): Insights from the study of fluid inclusions. Minerals, 13(2), 171. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13020171

Galamay, A. R., Meng, F., & Bukowski, K. (2014). Sulphur isotopes in anhydrite from Badenian (Middle Miocene) salts of the Hrynivka area (Ukrainian Carpathian Foredeep). Geological Quarterly, 58(3), 439–448. https://doi.org/10.7306/gq.1159

Garcia-Veigas, J., Orti, F., Rosell, L., Ayora, C., Rouchy, J.-M., & Lugli, S. (1995). The Messinian salt of the Mediterranean: geochemical study of the salt from the Central Sicily Basin and comparison with the Lorca Basin (Spain). Bulletin de la Societé géologique de France, 166(6), 699–710.

Görür, N., & Derman, A. S. (1978). Stratigraphic and tectonic analysis of the Tuz Gölü-Haymana Basin (Turkish Petroleum Corporation Report 1514). TPAO. Ankara, Turkey.

Görür, N., Okay, F. Y., Seymen, I., & Şengör, A. M. C. (1984). Paleotectonic evolution of the Tuzgölü basin complex, Central Turkey: Sedimentary record of a Neo-Tethyan closure. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17, 467–482. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.34

Gündoğan, I., & Helvaci, С. (1996). Geology, hydrochemistry, mineralogy and economic potential of the Bolluk lake (Cihanbeyli-Konya) and the adjacent area. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 5(2), 91–104. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1741

Halamai, A. R. (2012a). Vplyv kontynentalnykh vod na sklad morskykh rozsoliv tsentralnoi chastyny badenskoho solerodnoho baseinu Ukrainskoho Peredkarpattia. Mineralohichnyi zbirnyk, 62(2), 228–235. [in Ukrainian]

Halamai, A. (2012b). Umovy utvorennia halitu v badenskomu Zakarpatskomu solerodnomu baseini (za doslidzhenniamy vkliuchen). Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 3–4(160–161), 82–101. [in Ukrainian]

Halamai, A., Poberezhskyi, A., Hryniv, S., Vovniuk, S., Sydor, D., Yaremchuk, Ya., Maksymuk, S., Oliiovych-Hladka, O., & Bilyk, L. (2021). Heokhimichni osoblyvosti evaporytovykh formatsii Yevrazii u konteksti evoliutsii khimichnoho skladu morskoi vody protiahom fanerozoiu. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1–2(183–184), 110–129. https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2021.01-02.110 [in Ukrainian]

Halamai, A. R., Sydor, D. V., & Oliiovych-Hladka, O. V. (2021). Dosvid praktychnoho vykorystannia ultramikrokhimichnoho metodu doslidzhennia khimichnoho skladu rozsoliv fliuidnykh vkliuchen u haliti. In Heolohichna nauka v nezalezhnii Ukraini: zbirnyk tez naukovoi konferentsii, prysviachenoi 30-tii richnytsi Nezalezhnosti Ukrainy (8–9 veresnia 2021 r.) (pp. 26–28). Kyiv. [in Ukrainian]

Halamai, A., Zinchuk, I., & Sydor, D. (2023). Termometrychni doslidzhennia fliuidnykh vkliuchen u badenskomu haliti karpatskoho rehionu v konteksti vstanovlennia hlybyny solerodnoho baseinu. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1–2(189–190), 54–65. https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2023.189-190.054 [in Ukrainian]

Hua, Z., Liu, C., Zhang, Y., & Dai, T. (2015). Characteristics and hydrogen–oxygen isotopic compositions of halite fluid inclusions in the Thakhek area, Laos, and the way of salt material supplie. Acta Geologica Sinica, 11, 2134–2140.

Karakaya, M. C., Bozdağ, A., Ercan, H. Ü., & Karakaya, N. (2020). The origin of Miocene evaporites in the Tuz Gölü basin (Central Anatolia, Turkey): Implications from strontium, sulfur and oxygen isotopic compositions of the Ca-Sulfate minerals. Applied Geochemistry, 120, 104682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2020.104682

Karakaya, M. Ç., Bozdağ, A., Ercan, H. Ü., Karakaya, N., & Delikan, A. (2019). Origin of Miocene halite from Tuz Gölü basin in Central Anatolia, Turkey: Evidences from the pure halite and fluid inclusion geochemistry. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2019.03.004 

Karakaya, M. Ç., Bozdağ, A., & Karakaya, N. (2021). Elemental and C, O and Mg isotope geochemistry of middle-late Miocene carbonates from the Tuz Gölü Basin (Central Anatolia, Turkey): Evidence for Mediterranean incursions. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 221, 104946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2021.104946

Kashkarov, O. D. (1956). Sadka solei v solyanykh ozerakh. Trudy VNIIG, 32, 3–33. [in Russian]

Kovalevich, V. M. (1990). Galogenez i khimicheskaia evoliutciia okeana v fanerozoe. Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]

Kovalevych, V. M., Jarmołowicz-Szulc, K., Peryt, T. M., & Poberegski, A. V. (1997). Messinian chevron halite from the Red Sea (DSDP Sites 225 and 227): fluid inclusion study. N. Jb. Mineral. Mh., 10, 433–450. https://doi.org/10.1127/njmm/1997/1997/433

Li, C., Li, В., & Li, Z. (1990). Census report of the potash deposit in Kunteyi, Lenghu Town, Qinghai Province. Delingha. The Qinghai Qiandam comprehensive geological survey unit. [in Chinese]

Li, J., Li, W., Miao, W., Tang, Q., Li, Y., Yuan, X., Hai, Q., Du, Y., & Zhang, X. (2022). Reconstruction of polyhalite ore-formed temperature from Late Middle Pleistocene brine temperature research in Kunteyi Playa, Western China. Geofluids, 255886. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6255886

Li, M., Fang, X., Galy, A., Wang, H., Song, X., & Wang, X. (2020). Hydrated sulfate minerals (bloedite and polyhalite): formation and paleoenvironmental implications. Carbonates and Evaporites, 35, 126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13146-020-00660-y

Liu, C., Ma, L., Jiao, P., Sun, X., & Chen, Y. (2010). Chemical sedimentary sequence of Lop Nur salt lake in Xinjiang and its controlling factors. Mineral. Deposits, 29(4), 625–630.

Lowenstein, T. K., Li, J., & Brown, C. B. (1998). Paleotemperatures from fluid inclusions in halite: method verification and a 100,000 year paleotemperature record, Death Valley, CA. Chemical Geology, 150(3–4), 223–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00061-8

Lowenstein, T. K., Timofeeff, M. N., Brennan, S. T., Hardie, L. A., & Demicco, R. V. (2001). Oscillations in Phanerozoic seawater chemistry: evidence from fluid inclusions. Science, 294(5544), 1086–1088. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1064280

McCaffrey, M. A., Lazar, B., & Holland, H. D. (1987). The evaporation path of seawater and the coprecipitation of Br− and K+ with halite. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 57(5), 928–937. https://doi.org/10.1306/212F8CAB-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D

Morachevskii, Iu. V., & Petrova, E. M. (1965). Metody analiza rassolov i solei. Moskva; Leningrad: Khimiia. [in Russian]

Palmer, M. R., Helvací, C., & Fallick, A. E. (2004). Sulphur, sulphate oxygen and strontium isotope composition of Cenozoic Turkish evaporites. Chemical Geology, 209(3–4), 341–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.027

Pavlyshyn, V. I., Diakiv, V. O., Tsar, Kh. M., & Kytsmur, I. I. (2012). Ontohenichni zakonomirnosti krystalizatsii mirabilit-tenardytovykh ahrehativ z ropy kaliinykh rodovyshch Peredkarpattia. Mineralohichnyi zhurnal, 2(34), 17–25. [in Ukrainian]

Petrichenko, O. I. (1988). Fiziko-khimicheskie usloviia osadkoobrazovaniia v drevnikh solerodnykh basseinakh. Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]

Petrychenko, O. Y. (1973). Metody doslidzhennia vkliuchen u mineralakh halohennykh porid. Kyiv: Naukova dumka. [in Ukrainian]

Şafak, Ü., Kelling, G., Gökçen, N. S., & Gürbüz, K. (2005). The mid-Cenozoic succession and evolution of the Mut basin, southern Turkey, and its regional significance. Sedimentary Geology, 173(1–4), 121–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2004.03.012

Timofeeff, M. N., Lowenstein, T. K., Martins da Silva, M. A., & Harris, N. B. (2006). Secular variation in the major-ion chemistry of seawater: Evidence from fluid inclusions in Cretaceous halites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70(8), 1977–1994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.01.020

Vakhrameeva, V. A. (1956). K mineralogii i petrografii solianykh otlozhenii zaliva Karabogaz-Gol. Trudy VNIIG, 32, 67–86. [in Russian]

Valiashko, M. G. (1962). Zakonomernosti formirovaniia mestorozhdenii solei. Moskva: Moskovskii universitet. [in Russian]

Valiashko, M. G., & Pelsh, G. K. (1952). Metamorfizatciia nasyshchennykh sulfatnykh rastvorov bikarbonatom kaltciia. Trudy VNIIG, 23, 177–200. [in Russian]

Wang, M., Yang, Z., Liu, C., Xie, Z., Jiao, P., & Li, C. (1997). Potash deposits and their exploitation prospects of saline lakes of the north Qaidam Basin. Beijing: Geological Publishing House. [in Chinese]

Wei, X., Shao, C., Wang, M., Zhao, D., Cai, K., Jiang, J., He, G. & Hu, W. (1993). Material constituents, depositional features and formation conditions of potassium-rich Salt Lakes in western Qaidam Basin. Beijing: Geological Publishing House.

Xu, Y., Cao, Y., & Liu, C. (2021). Whether the Middle Eocene salt-forming brine in the Kuqa Basin reached the potash-forming stage: Quantitative evidence from halite fluid inclusions. Geofluids, 5574772. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5574772

Zhang, X., Fan, Q., Li, Q., Du, Y., Qin, Z., Wei, H., & Shan, F. (2019). The source, distribution, and sedimentary pattern of K-rich brines in the Qaidam Basin, Western China. Minerals, 9(11), 655. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9110655

Zhang, Y., & Xuan, Z. (1996). Economic evaluation of potassium and magnesium solid deposit in Kunteyi and Mahai Salt Lake of Qinghai Province. Journal of Salt Lake Science, 4(1), 36–45. [in Chinese]

Zhou, J., Gong, D., & Li, M. (2015). The characteristic of evaporite, migration of salt basins and its tectonic control in Triassic Sichuan Basin. Acta Geologica Sinica, 11, 1945–1952.

Zimmermann, H. (2000). Tertiary seawater chemistry – implications from primary fluid inclusions in marine halite. American Journal of Science, 300(10), 723–767. https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.300.10.723

Zinchuk, I. M. (2003). Heokhimiia mineraloutvoriuiuchykh rozchyniv zoloto-polimetalevykh rudoproiaviv Tsentralnoho Donbasu (za vkliuchenniamy u mineralakh) [Extended abstract of Candidateʼs thesis, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine]. Lviv. [in Ukrainian]

Received: January 21, 2026
Accepted: February 23, 2026
Published: April 21, 2026

Posted on by

THE FAMOUS UKRAINIAN MINERALOGIST AND THERMOBAROGEOCHEMIST ZENON IVANOVYCH KOVALYSHYN (to the 90th anniversary of his birth)

Home > Archive > No. 1 (201) 2026 > 90–98

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1 (201) 2026, 90–98

ISSN 0869-0774 (Print), ISSN 2786-8621 (Online)

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2026.201.090

Ihor NAUMKO

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine

e-mail: naumko@ukr.net, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3735-047X

Abstract

The life path and creative achievements of the famous Ukrainian scientist in the field of mineralogy and thermobarogeochemistry, a well-known specialist and authoritative researcher of natural mineral formation processes, Zenon Ivanovych Kovalyshyn (28.02.1936–23.07.2006), Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Senior Researcher of the Department of Geochemistry of Deep Fluids and Director of the Research Enterprise of the Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of the NAS of Ukraine, were discussed. The wide range of his research explorations covered mineral deposits of various genetic types in various regions of Ukraine (Ukrainian Shield, Transcarpathia, Dnieper-Donetsk Depression) and the former Soviet Union. The scientist’s precise studies of the composition of volatile components of fluid inclusions in minerals became the basis for elucidating the geochemical and thermobaric features of the processes of endogenous mineralogenesis, a significant contribution to thermobarogeochemistry – the fundamental science of inclusions in minerals. Zenon Kovalyshyn’s creative output includes about 120 scientific works, in particular three monograph. He is the author and co-author of more than 20 research and scientific and production reports, three new methods of prospecting and evaluation of mineral raw materials. The scientist gained well-deserved authority and recognition of the geological community of Ukraine, near and far abroad, worthily represented Ukrainian science at international, all-Union and domestic forums, generously shared his scientific achievements and ideas with young scientists, graduate students, and assisted in choosing the direction of research, interpretation and publication of results. A long-time employee of the Institute – a permanent place of work – Zenon Kovalyshyn worthily went from engineer to senior research associate, candidate of geological and mineralogical sciences, and unexpectedly and prematurely passed away on July 23, 2006. The Yaniv cemetery became the place of his eternal rest. We will preserve the bright memory of the famous scientist, an extraordinary personality, a sincere and sensitive person forever!

Full Text

Keywords

geology, mineralogy, thermobarogeochemistry, Zenon Kovalyshyn, Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Senior Researcher, 90 years old

Referenses

Kaliuzhnyi, V. A. (Ed.). (1971). Mineraloutvoriuiuchi fliuidy ta parahenezysy mineraliv pehmatytiv zanoryshevoho typu Ukrainy (ridki vkliuchennia, termobarometriia, heokhimiia). Kyiv: Naukova dumka. [in Ukrainian]

Kolodii, V. V. (Ed.). (2004). Karpatska naftohazonosna provintsiia. Lviv; Kyiv: Ukrainskyi vydavnychyi tsentr. [in Ukrainian]

Kovalishin, Z. I. (1969). Geokhimicheskie issledovaniia gazov glubinnogo proiskhozhdeniia po vkliucheniiam v mineralakh [Extended abstract of Candidateʼs thesis]. Lvov. [in Russian]

Kovalishin, Z. I. (1978). Soderzhanie uglekisloty v gazovoi faze, kak indikator fiziko-khimicheskikh uslovii mineraloobrazovaniia zanoryshevykh pegmatitov Volyni. In Uglerod i ego soedineniia v endogennykh protcessakh mineraloobrazovaniia (po dannym izucheniia fliuidnykh vkliuchenii v mineralakh) (pp. 78–82). Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]

Kovalishin, Z. I., & Bratus, M. D. (1984). Fliuidnyi rezhim gidrotermalnykh protcessov Zakarpatia. Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]

Kovalishin, Z. I., & Danilovich, L. G. (1982). O sostave glubinnykh fliuidov vulkanicheskikh obrazovanii Zakarpatskogo progiba. Geologiia i geokhimiia goriuchikh iskopaemykh, 58, 39–44. [in Russian]

Kovalishin, Z., Kalyuzhnyi, V., & Naumko, I. (2000). Physico-chemical state of mineral-forming fluid during crystallization of the Volhyn chamber pegmatites, Ukraine. Archiwum mineralogiczne. A journal of geochemistry, mineralogy and petrology, 53(1–2), 133–136.

Kovalishin, Z. I., & Mamchur, G. P. (1990). Izotopnyi sostav ugleroda uglekislogo gaza i metana mineraloobrazuiushchikh fliuidov. Geokhimiia, 12, 1778–1782. [in Russian]

Kovalishin, Z., Naumko, I., & Shkljanka, V. (2001). Gold-bearing manifestations of the Vyshkovo ore field (Transcarpathia, Ukraine). Biuletyn Państwowego Institutu Geologicznego, 396, 85–86.

Kovalyshyn, Z. I., & Naumko, I. M. (1999). Evolution of gaseous components of fluid inclusions in magmatic and postmagmatic rocks of Ukraine. In Terra Nostra, 99/6: European Current Research on Fluid Inclusions ECROFI XV: Abstracts and program (Potsdam, June, 21–24, 1999) (pp. 177–178). Potsdam.

Kovalyshyn, Z. I., Naumko, I. M., & Kovalevych, V. M. (1999). Metodyka ekspresnoho vyznachennia kaliiu v mineralotvornykh fliuidakh dlia rozbrakuvannia zbahachenykh zolotom i bezrudnykh utvoren. In Naukovi osnovy prohnozuvannia, poshukiv ta otsinky rodovyshch zolota: materialy mizhnarodnoi naukovoi konferentsii (Lviv, 27–30 veresnia 1999 r.) (pp. 65–66). Lviv: Vydavnychyi tsentr LDU imeni Ivana Franka. [in Ukrainian]

Matkovskyi, O., Naumko, I., Pavlun, M., & Slyvko, Ye. (2021). Termobaroheokhimiia v Ukraini. Lviv: Prostir-M. [in Ukrainian]

Nazarevych, A. V., Nazarevych, L. Ye., & Kovalyshyn, Z. I. (2001). Pryroda pidzony znyzhenykh shvydkostei u “hranitakh” kory Zakarpattia ta yii perspektyvni resursy. Visnyk Lvivskoho universytetu. Seriia heolohichna, 15, 119–125. [in Ukrainian]

Naumko, I., Kaliuzhnyi, V., Bratus, M., Zinchuk, I., Kovalyshyn, Z., Matviienko, O., Redko, L., & Svoren, Y. (2000). Uchennia pro mineralotvorni fliuidy: priorytetni zavdannia rozvytku na suchasnomu etapi. Mineralohichnyi zbirnyk, 50(2), 22–30. [in Ukrainian]

Naumko, I., Kovalyshyn, Z., & Matviishyn, Z. (2003). Typomorfni oznaky fliuidnykh vkliuchen zolotovmisnykh parahenezysiv rudonosnykh shtokverkovykh til Berehivskoho rudnoho polia (Zakarpattia). Mineralohichnyi zbirnyk, 53(1–2), 70–78. [in Ukrainian]

Naumko, I., Kovalyshyn, Z., Sava, H., Bratus, M., Shashorin, Yu., & Sakhno, B. (2007). Termometrychna i heokhemichna kharakterystyka fliuidiv mineraloutvoriuvalnoho seredovyshcha kvartsovo-zhylnykh rudoproiaviv pivdennoi chastyny Kirovohradskoho bloku Ukrainskoho shchyta. Pratsi Naukovoho tovarystva imeni Shevchenka. Heolohiia, 19, 136–146. [in Ukrainian]

Naumko, I. M., Kovalyshyn, Z. I., Svoren’, J. M., Sakhno, B. E., & Telepko, L. F. (1999). Towards forming conditions of veinlet mineralization in sedimentary oil- and gas-bearing layers of Carpathian region (obtained by data of fluid inclusions research). Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 3(108), 83–91.

Svoren, J. M., Naumko, I. M., Kovalyshyn, Z. I., Bratus, M. D., & Davydenko, M. M. (1999). New technology of local forecast of enriched areas of gold ore fields. In Naukovi osnovy prohnozuvannia, poshukiv ta otsinky rodovyshch zolota: materialy mizhnarodnoi naukovoi konferentsii (Lviv, 27–30 veresnia 1999 r.) (pp. 121–125). Lviv: Vydavnychyi tsentr LDU imeni Ivana Franka.

Received: January 12, 2026
Accepted: January 21, 2026
Published: April 21, 2026

Posted on by

TO THE 90th ANNIVERSARY OF PETRO MYKHAYLOVYCH BILONIZHKA

Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (199–200) 2025 > 82–90

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (199–200) 2025, 82–90

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2025.199-200.082

Ihor NAUMKO, Andriy POBEREZHSKYY, Nataliia BATSEVYCH, Halyna ZANKOVYCH

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: naumko@ukr.net; andriy.poberezhskyy@gmail.com; natalja_bats@ukr.net; zankovuch@gmail.com

Abstract

The pages of the life and scientific and educational activities of Petro Mykhailovych Bilonizhka, a well-known Ukrainian scientist, geologist, mineralogist and educator, candidate of geological and mineralogical sciences (PhD (Geology, Mineralogy)), associate professor of the Department of Mineralogy of the Lviv Ivan Franko National University, full member of the Shevchenko Scientific Society, honorary member of the Ukrainian Mineralogical Society, popularizer of science, expert and propagandist of the national history of Ukraine, active public figure are highlighted. The scientific interests of the hero of the day cover a wide range of issues of geology and mineralogy, terminology in mineralogy and geochemistry, history of science, training of specialists in the field of Earth sciences, which are set out in about 400 printed scientific works: monographs, textbooks, reference and informational and literary and journalistic publications, articles in scientific professional publications of Ukraine and other countries, research projects, reports at International and All-Ukrainian conferences. As a teacher, he skillfully transferred the acquired pedagogical and methodological experience, teaching and developing programs and methodological guidelines in multidisciplinary disciplines. The results of thorough scientific explorations of Petro Bilonizhka became the basis for his election as a full member of the Shevchenko Scientific Society and an honorary member of the Ukrainian Mineralogical Society, awarding him with medals, honorary diplomas, certificates and thanks. The creative partnership of the scientist and teacher with the Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Fuel Fossils of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, which became his first place of work, turned out to be fruitful; he is a co-author of monographs, articles, materials and abstracts of reports with the employees of the Institute, an official opponent of the candidate dissertations of numerous employees of our Institute. A long-time employee of the Geological Faculty, Petro Bilonizhka worthily went from a student to a teacher and a scientist, up to the well-deserved rest. Despite his advanced age, the veteran does not stop his creative work. From Dew and Water to You, dear Petro Mikhailovich, on Many and Blessed Summers in health and prosperity in peaceful unconquered Ukraine! Let him be lucky!

Full Text

Keywords

geology, mineralogy, Petro Bilonizhka, associate professor, candidate of geological and mineralogical sciences (PhD (Geology, Mineralogy)), scientist, teacher, anniversary, 90 years old

Referenses

Bilonizhka, P. (2017a). Heokhimichni zakonomirnosti formuvannia rodovyshch kaliinykh solei Peredkarpattia. Lviv: LNU imeni Ivana Franka. [in Ukrainian]

Bilonizhka, P. (2017b). Narysy z mineralohii Hirskoho Krymu (mezhyrichchia Bodraku i Kachi). Lviv: LNU imeni Ivana Franka. [in Ukrainian]

Bilonizhka, P. (2018). Heokhimiia biosfery. Lviv: LNU imeni Ivana Franka. [in Ukrainian]

Bilonizhka, P. (2019). Heokhimiia izotopiv: navchalnyi posibnyk. Lviv: LNU imeni Ivana Franka. [in Ukrainian]

Bilonizhka, P. (2020). Noosfera ta problemy yii rozvytku. Lviv: LNU imeni Ivana Franka. [in Ukrainian]

Bilonizhka, P. (2025). Voda v nezhyvii i zhyvii pryrodi. Lviv: Prostir-M. [in Ukrainian]

Bilonizhka, P., Matkovskyi, O., Naumko, I., & Slyvko, Ye. (2019). Anhelina Andriivna Yasynska. Lviv: LNU imeni Ivana Franka. [in Ukrainian]

Bilonizhka, P., Matkovskyi, O., Pavlun, M., & Slyvko, Ye. (2008). Heolohichnyi fakultet Lvivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni Ivana Franka (1945–2005): dovidkovo-informatsiine vydannia. Lviv: Vydavnychyi tsentr Lvivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu. [in Ukrainian]

Bilonizhka, P., Matkovskyi, O., Pavlun, M., & Slyvko, Ye. (2010). Heolohichnyi fakultet Lvivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni Ivana Franka (1945–2010): dovidkovo-informatsiine vydannia (Vydannia druhe, pereroblene i dopovnene). Lviv: Vydavnychyi tsentr Lvivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu. [in Ukrainian]

Kushnir, R., & Naumko, I. (2025). Nashi slavni NTShivski yuviliary. Petro Bilonizhka. Visnyk NTSh, 72, 106–137. [in Ukrainian]

Matkovskyi, O. I., Bilonizhka, P. M., Boiko, H. Yu., Vozniak, D. K., Halaburda, Yu. A., Hryniv, S. P., Didenko, O. V., Dudok, I. V., Kovalevych, V. M., Kulchytska, H. O., Skakun, L. Z., Srebrodolskyi, B. I., Khmelivskyi, V. O., Petrychenko, O. Y., Poberezhskyi, A. V., Senkovskyi, A. Yu., Danylovych, Yu. R., Remeshylo, B. H., Balabaieva, S. L., & Biruk, S. V. (2003). Mineraly Ukrainskykh Karpat. Boraty, arsenaty, fosfaty, molibdaty, sulfaty, karbonaty, orhanichni mineraly i mineraloidy (O. I. Matkovskyi, Ed.). Lviv: Vydavnychyi tsentr LNU imeni Ivana Franka. [in Ukrainian]

Matkovskyi, O., Bilonizhka, P., & Pavlyshyn, V. (2005). Akademik Yevhen Lazarenko. Narys pro zhyttievyi i tvorchyi shliakh, spohady, fotoalbom (I. Vakarchuk, Ed.). Lviv: Vydavnychyi tsentr LNU imeni Ivana Franka. [in Ukrainian]

Matkovskyi, O., Bilonizhka, P., & Pavlyshyn, V. (2012). Yevhen Lazarenko – vydatna postat KhKh stolittia (I. Vakarchuk, Ed.). Lviv: LNU imeni Ivana Franka. [in Ukrainian]

Matkovskyi, O., Bilonizhka, P., Skakun, L., & Slyvko, Ye. (2004). Kafedra mineralohii Lvivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni Ivana Franka (1864–2004): dovidkovo-informatsiine vydannia. Lviv: Vydavnychyi tsentr Lvivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu. [in Ukrainian]

Matkovskyi, O., Bilonizhka, P., Vozniak, D., Diakiv, V., Kovalchuk, M., Naumko, I., Popp, I., Semenenko, V., Skakun, L., Slyvko, Ye., Slovotenko, N., Stepanov, V., Tsikhon, S., & Kril, S. (2014). Mineraly Ukrainskykh Karpat. Protsesy mineraloutvorennia (O. Matkovskyi, Ed.). Lviv: LNU imeni Ivana Franka. [in Ukrainian]

Matkovskyi, O., Kvasnytsia, V., Naumko, I., Bilonizhka, P., Hrechanovska, O., Kvasnytsia, I., Melnykov, V., Popp, I., Skakun, L., Slyvko, Ye., Slovotenko, N., Bondar, R., Manchur, B., Matviishyn, Z., & Shemiakina, T. (2011). Mineraly Ukrainskykh Karpat. Sylikaty (O. Matkovskyi, Ed.). Lviv: LNU imeni Ivana Franka. [in Ukrainian]

Posted on by

PROFESSOR TADEUSH MAREK PERYT (to the 75th anniversary of his birthday)

Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (199–200) 2025 > 73–81

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (199–200) 2025, 73–81

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2025.199-200.073

Andriy POBEREZHSKYY, Ihor NAUMKO

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: andriy.poberezhskyy@gmail.com; naumko@ukr.net

Abstract

The life and creative path of Professor Tadeusz Marek Peryt, an outstanding Polish scientist, long-time director of the State Geological Institute of Poland, Corresponding Member of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences as well as Foreign Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, is briefly described. Doctor habilitated Tadeusz Perytʼs scientific interests cover a wide range of fundamental problems of sedimentology, lithology, geochemistry, bio- and lithostratigraphy, geodynamics of the Phanerozoic as the basis for the search and exploration of oil and gas deposits, copper, salts, gypsum, sulfur, and other minerals, which he has covered in over 300 scientific papers, mainly in the scientometric databases Web of Science and Scopus, with a total number of citations exceeding 5760. Professor Tadeusz Marek Peryt is well known for his active international scientific and organizational activities. He has done a lot for the development of Polish geological periodicals, public organizations and scientific societies. Among the numerous awards of the outstanding geologist and scientist are also state-level awards, in particular, the Order of Polonia Restituta. Professor Tadeusz Marek Peryt has made and continues to make significant efforts to develop scientific cooperation between Polish and Ukrainian geologists, as an organizer of Ukrainian-Polish projects, internships of Ukrainian scientists in Poland, preparation of joint publications, conferences. The scientistʼs creative partnership with the Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, primarily with the Department of Geochemistry of Sedimentary Strata of Oil and Gas Provinces, and his work as a member of the editorial board of the Instituteʼs scientific journal “Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals” turned out to be especially fruitful. A great friend of Ukraine, the hero of the day unconditionally supported our state in the first days of the full-scale Russian invasion and continues to contribute to the stabilization of Polish-Ukrainian scientific contacts, which were complicated by the Russian-Ukrainian war, and we express our sincere gratitude to him for his words and the effectiveness of his support. “Many and Blessed Years!” “A hundred years, a hundred years, let him live, live for us. A hundred years, a hundred years, let him live, live for us. Once again, once again let him live, live for us. Let him live for us!”

Full Text

Keywords

geology, Tadeusz Marek Peryt, Professor, Doctor habilitated, Corresponding Member of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, Foreign Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, anniversary, 75 years

Referenses

García-Veigas, J., Cendón, D. I., Pueyo, J. J., & Peryt, T. M. (2011). Zechstein saline brines in Poland, evidence of overturned anoxic ocean during the Late Permian mass extinction event. Chemical Geology, 290(3–4), 189–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.09.016

Kiersnowski, H., Paul, J., Peryt, T., & Smith, D. (1995). Facies, paleogeography, and sedimentary history of the Southern Permian Basin in Europe. In P. A. Scholle, T. M. Peryt, D. S. Ulmer-Scholle (Eds.), The Permian of Northern Pangea: Vol. 2. Sedimentary Basins and Economic Resources (pp. 119–136). Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78590-0_7

Kiersnowski, H., Peryt, T. M., Buniak, A., & Mikołajewski, Z. (2010). From the intra-desert ridges to the marine carbonate island chain: middle to late Permian (Upper Rotliegend–Lower Zechstein) of the Wolsztyn–Pogorzela high, west Poland. Geological Journal, 45(2–3), 319–335. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.1189

Kovalevich, V. M., Peryt, T. M., & Petrichenko, O. I. (1998). Secular variation in seawater chemistry during the Phanerozoic as indicated by brine inclusions in halite. Journal of Geology, 106(6), 695–712. https://doi.org/10.1086/516054

Kovalevych, V. M., Marshall, T., Peryt, T. M., Petrychenko, O. Y., & Zhukova, S. A. (2006). Chemical composition of seawater in Neoproterozoic: Results of fluid inclusion study of halite from Salt Range (Pakistan) and Amadeus Basin (Australia). Precambrian Research, 144, 39–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2005.10.004

Oszczypko, N., Krzywiec, P., Popadyuk, I., & Peryt, T. (2006). Carpathian Foredeep Basin (Poland and Ukraine): its sedimentary, structural, and geodynamic evolution. In J. Golonka, F. J. Picha (Eds.), The Carpathians and Their Foreland: Geology and Hydrocarbon Resources: AAPG Memoir, 84, 293–350. https://doi.org/10.1306/985612M843072

Peryt, T. M. (Ed.). (1983). Coated Grains. Berlin: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68869-0

Peryt, T. M. (1984). Sedimentation and early diagenesis of the Zechstein Limestone in western Poland. Prace Instytutu Geologicznego, 109, 1–80.

Peryt, T. M. (1996). Sedimentology of Badenian (middle Miocene) gypsum in eastern Galicia, Podolia and Bukovina (West Ukraine). Sedimentology, 43(3), 571–588. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.1996.d01-26.x

Peryt, T. M. (2001). Gypsum facies transitions in basin-marginal evaporites: middle Miocene (Badenian) of west Ukraine. Sedimentology, 48(5), 1103–1119. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2001.00410.x

Peryt, T. M. (2006). The beginning, development and termination of the Middle Miocene Badenian salinity crisis in Central Para-tethys. Sedimentary Geology, 188–189, 379–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.03.014

Peryt, T. M. (2018a). Audiatur et altera pars: on the issue of the execution of geological survey tasks – polemics. Przegląd Geologiczny, 66(10), 624–628.

Peryt, T. M. (2018b). Science and the national geological survey. Przegląd Geologiczny, 66(8), 475–476.

Peryt, T. M. (2019). Polish Geological Institute as the national geological survey – hundred years at the service for Poland. Przegląd Geologiczny, 67(7), 519–534.

Peryt, T. M., Geluk, M. C., Mathiesen, A., Paul, J., & Smith, K. (2010). Zechstein. In Petroleum geological atlas of the Southern Permian Basin area (pp. 123–147).

Peryt, T., & Gluszyński, A. (2020). Science in the national geological survey. Przegląd Geologiczny, 68(5), 312–318.

Peryt, T. M., Hałas, S., & Hryniv, S. P. (2010). Sulphur and oxygen isotope signatures of late Permian Zechstein anhydrites, West Poland: seawater evolution and diagenetic constraints. Geological Quarterly, 54(4), 387–400.

Peryt, T. M., & Kasprzyk, A. (1992). Earthquake-induced resedimentation in the Badenian (Middle Miocene) gypsum of southern Poland. Sedimentology, 39(2), 235–249. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1992.tb01036.x

Peryt, T. M., & Kovalevich, V. M. (1997). Association of redeposited salt breccias and potash evaporites in the Lower Miocene of Stebnyk (Carpathian Foredeep, West Ukraine). Journal of Sedimentary Research, 67(5), 913–922. https://doi.org/10.1306/D4268676-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D

Peryt, T. M., Peryt, D., Jasionowski, M., Poberezhsky, A. V., & Durakiewicz, T. (2004). Post-evaporitic restricted deposition in the Middle Miocene Chokrakian-Karaganian of East Crimea (Ukraine). Sedimentary Geology, 170(1–2), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2004.04.003

Peryt, T. M., Poberezskі, A. W., Jasionowski, M., Petrіchenko, O. І., Peryt, D., & Ryka, W. (1994). Facje gypsów badeńskich Ponidzia i Naddniestrza. Przegląd Geologiczny, 42(9), 771–776.

Peryt, T. M., Poberezhskyi, A. V., Yasonovskyi, M., Petrychenko, O. Y., Lyzun, S. O., & Turchynov, I. I. (2004). Koreliatsiia badenskykh sulfatnykh vidkladiv Naddnistrovia. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1, 56–69. [in Ukrainian]

Peryt, T. M., Raczyński, P., Peryt, D., & Chłódek, K. (2012). Upper Permian reef complex in the basinal facies of the Zechstein Limestone (Ca1), western Poland. Geological Journal, 47(5), 537–552. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.2440

Petrychenko, O. Y. (1995). Mizhnarodnyi sympozium “Miotsenovi evaporyty Tsentralnoho Paratetysu: fatsii, korysni kopalyn, problemy ekolohii”. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1–2(90–91), 119–120. [in Ukrainian]

Petrychenko, O. Y., & Peryt, T. M. (2004). Geochemical conditions of deposition in the Upper Devonian Prypiac’ and Dnipro-Donets evaporite basins (Belarus and Ukraine). Journal of Geology, 112, 577–592. https://doi.org/10.1086/422667

Petrychenko, O. Y., Peryt, T. M., & Kovalevych, V. M. (2001). Vplyv khimichnoho skladu i mineralizatsii morskykh vod na intensyvnist nahromadzhennia bituminoznykh i fosfatonosnykh osadkiv v epikontynentalnykh baseinakh fanerozoiu. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 2, 75–89. [in Ukrainian]

Petrychenko, O. Y., Peryt, T. M., & Poberezhskyi, A. V. (1996). Informatyvnist rezultativ doslidzhen mikroorhanizmiv u krystalakh hipsu Peredkarpatskoho prohynu. Dopovidi NAN Ukrainy, 12, 130–134. [in Ukrainian]

Rosell, L., Orti, F., Kasprzyk, A., Playa, E., & Peryt, T. M. (1998). Strontium geochemistry of Miocene primary gypsum: Messinian of southeastern Spain and Sicily and Badenian of Poland. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 68(1), 63–79. https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.68.63

Scholle, P. A., Peryt, T. M., & Ulmer-Scholle, D. S. (Eds.). (1995). The Permian of Northern Pangea. Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer.

Wołkowicz, S., & Peryt, T. M. (2019). One hundred years of the Polish Geological Institute – an outline of the material history. Przegląd Geologiczny, 67(7), 507–518.

Posted on by

ASSESSMENT OF THE ECOLOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL STATUS OF GROUNDWATER IN THE BORYSLAV-POKUTTIA ZONE OF THE CARPATHIAN FOREDEEP

Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (199–200) 2025 > 58–72

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (199–200) 2025, 58–72

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2025.199-200.058

Olha TELEHUZ, Halyna MEDVID, Vasyl HARASYMCHUK

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: olga_teleguz@ukr.net

Abstract

Introduction. Assessment and study of the ecological and geochemical characteristics of groundwater and determination of their compliance with environmental standards is a relevant area of research, as these waters are used by the population for domestic and drinking purposes.

Purpose of the article. Analysis and assessment of ecological and geochemical indicators of groundwater within the Boryslav-Pokuttia Zone of the Carpathian Foredeep, identification of natural and anthropogenic influences, and determination of their compliance with environmental standards.

Research methods. The results of analytical determinations of 35 water samples from shallow wells and boreholes used by the population for domestic and drinking purposes are presented. To establish the status of groundwater, the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) standards for sanitary and chemical indicators of drinking water safety and quality, as well as indicators of physiological compliance with the mineral composition of drinking water, were utilized. Statistical, analytical, and graphical visualization methods were used to process and interpret the results of water analyses.

Results. The composition of the studied waters varies from hydrocarbonate calcium to chloride calcium-sodium. Statistical analysis of the data on the content of macroelements in groundwater showed abnormal variation in the concentrations of chlorine, sodium and potassium, mineralization and magnesium.

A close linear positive correlation between Pearsonʼs correlation coefficients between mineralization and concentrations of Na+ + K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl− and permanganate oxidability was established, indicating the presence of a single process of groundwater enrichment with these ions.

It has been established that the main processes affecting the geochemical composition of groundwater are water-rock interaction and evaporation, which is particularly clearly illustrated by two samples from wells in the Volia Blazhivska village.

The graphs showing the interdependence of sodium and chlorine concentrations demonstrate increased concentrations of these ions in groundwater, which are caused by the dissolution of halite and the amount of atmospheric precipitation. The graph of the ratio (HCO3− + SO42−) and (Ca2+ + Mg2+) indicates the dominance of cation exchange processes in the studied aquifer.

Conclusions. It has been established that the main factors influencing the chemical composition of groundwater within the Boryslav-Pokuttia Zone of the Carpathian Foredeep are water-rock interaction, evaporative concentration and anthropogenic impact. Exceedances of sanitary and chemical safety and quality standards for drinking water have been identified in terms of total hardness, permanganate oxidisability, chloride content, total salt content and nitrate content. Non-compliance with the standards for the physiological adequacy of the mineral composition of drinking water is recorded for calcium, potassium, sodium, total salt content, total hardness, alkalinity and magnesium content, which makes them of limited suitability for human consumption. However, the majority of samples showed no deviations from the normative values for the indicators assessed.

Full Text

Keywords

macrocomponent composition, ecological and geochemical indicators, water quality, oil and gas bearing area

Referenses

Aghazadeh, N., Chitsazan, M. & Golestan, Y. (2017). Hydrochemistry and quality assessment of groundwater in the Ardabil area, Iran. Applied Water Science, 7, 3599–3616. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-016-0498-9

Chushkina, I. V., Maksymova, N. M., & Bordalova, A. Yu. (2020). Otsinka vidpovidnosti yakosti vodnykh resursiv s. Mala Belozirka vymoham standartiv. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats ΛΌГOΣ, 79–83. https://doi.org/10.36074/11.12.2020.v2.23 [in Ukrainian]

Dyrektyva Yevropeiskoho Parlamentu i Rady 2000/60/IeS “Pro vstanovlennia ramok zakhodiv Spivtovarystva v haluzi vodnoi polityky”. (2000). Retrieved 30.10.2025 from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/994_962#Text [in Ukrainian]

El-Wahed, M. A., El-Horiny, M. M., Ashmawy, M., & El Kereem, S. A. (2022). Multivariate statistical analysis and structural sovereignty for geochemical assessment and groundwater Prevalence in Bahariya Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt. Sustainability, 14(12), 6962. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14126962

Gibbs, R. J. (1970). Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry. Science, 170(3962), 1088–1090. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.170.3962.1088

Harasymchuk, V., Pankiv, R., & Kaminetska, B. (2013). Hidrodynamichne modeliuvannia ta otsinka ekoloho-heokhimichnykh kharakterystyk gruntovykh vod silskoi mistsevosti (na prykladi s. Novosilka Lvivskoi oblasti). Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1–2, 78–87. http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/giggk_2013_1-2_10 [in Ukrainian]

Hihiienichni vymohy do vody pytnoi, pryznachenoi dlia spozhyvannia liudynoiu (DSanPiN 2.2.4-171-10). (2010). Kyiv. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0452-10#Text [in Ukrainian]

Ivaniuta, M. M. (Ed.). (1998). Atlas rodovyshch nafty i hazu Ukrainy: Vol. 4. Zakhidnyi naftohazonosnyi rehion. Lviv: Tsentr Yevropy. [in Ukrainian]

Kost, M., Medvid, H., Harasymchuk, V., Telehuz, O., Sakhniuk, I., & Maikut, O. (2020). Heokhimichna kharakterystyka richkovykh ta gruntovykh vod (Zovnishnia zona Peredkarpatskoho prohynu). Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1(182), 76–87. https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2020.01.076 [in Ukrainian]

Li, X., Wu, H., Qian, H., & Gao, Y. (2018). Groundwater chemistry regulated by hydrochemical processes and geological structures: A case study in Tongchuan, China. Water, 10(3), 338. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10030338

Liutyi, H. H., Liuta, N. H., & Sanina, I. V. (2021). Otsinka zmin yakosti pidzemnykh vod vodonosnykh horyzontiv Dniprovsko-Donetskoho artezianskoho baseinu. Mineralni resursy Ukrainy, 3, 20–23. https://doi.org/10.31996/mru.2021.3.20-23 [in Ukrainian]

Marandi, A., & Shand, P. (2018). Groundwater chemistry and the Gibbs Diagram. Applied Geochemistry, 97, 209–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.07.009

Medvid, H. B., Kost, M. V., Telehuz, O. V., Sakhniuk, I. I., & Kalmuk, S. D. (2023). Osoblyvosti formuvannia heokhimichnoho skladu gruntovykh vod v mezhakh pivnichno-zakhidnoi chastyny Boryslavsko-Pokutskoho naftohazonosnoho raionu. In Nadrokorystuvannia v Ukraini. Perspektyvy investuvannia (pp. 489–493). Kyiv: DKZ. https://conf.dkz.gov.ua/files/2023_materials_net.pdf [in Ukrainian]

Melkonian, D. V., Cherkez, Ye. A., & Tiuremyna, V. H. (2021). Ekoloho-heokhimichna kharakterystyka gruntovykh vod mezhyrichchia Pivdennyi Buh – Syniukha. Visnyk Odeskoho natsionalnoho universytetu. Heohrafichni ta heolohichni nauky, 26(1(38), 149–168. https://doi.org/10.18524/2303-9914.2021.1(38).234688 [in Ukrainian]

Musa, A., Oluwafemi, A., Changlai, X., & Xuijuan, L. (2019). Hydrogeochemistry of groundwater from Kazaure Area, NW Nigeria using multivariate statistics. E3S Web of Conferences, 98, 07001. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199807001

Pankiv, R. P., Kost, M. V., Sakhniuk, I. I., Maikut, O. M., Mandzia, O. B., Navrotska, I. P., & Kozak, R. P. (2016). Heokhimichni osoblyvosti gruntovykh vod v mezhakh terytorii Lvivskoho prohynu. Voda i vodoochysni tekhnolohii. Naukovo-tekhnichni visti, 1, 23–30. http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Vvt_2016_1_5 [in Ukrainian]

Pavliuk, V. (2010). Vplyv heolohichnykh faktoriv na ekzohenni protsesy miotsenovykh solenosnykh vidkladiv Ukrainskoho Peredkarpattia. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 2(151), 89–104. [in Ukrainian]

Piper, A. M. (1944). A graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water-analyses. Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 25(6), 914–928. https://doi.org/10.1029/TR025i006p00914

Pro okhoronu navkolyshnoho pryrodnoho seredovyshcha (Zakon Ukrainy № 1268–XII). (1991). Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy, 41, 546. Retrieved 30.10.2025 from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1264-12#Text [in Ukrainian]

Pro pytnu vodu ta pytne vodopostachannia (Zakon Ukrainy № 2887–IX). (2002). Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy, 16, 112. Retrieved 30.10.2025 from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2918-14#Text [in Ukrainian]

Ravikumar, P., Somashekar, R. K., & Prakash, K. L. (2015). A comparative study on usage of Durov and Piper diagrams to interpret hydrochemical processes in groundwater from SRLIS river basin, Karnataka, India. Elixir Earth Sci., 80, 31073–31077. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273886861

Romaniuk, O. I., & Shevchyk, L. Z. (2013). Kompleksnyi ekolohichnyi monitorynh naftozabrudnenykh terytorii na prykladi m. Boryslava. Visnyk Vinnytskoho politekhnichnoho instytutu, 5, 19–22. [in Ukrainian]

Sajil Kumar, P. J. (2013). Interpretation of groundwater chemistry using Piper and Chadha’s diagrams: a comparative study from Perambalur Taluk. Elixir Geoscience, 54, 12208–12211. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234128522

Skrypnyk, V. S. (2010). Cystema ekolohichnoho monitorynhu ta zakhody stabilizatsii stanu dovkillia Nadvirnianskoho naftohazopromyslovoho raionu. Ekolohichna bezpeka ta zbalansovane resursokorystuvannia, 1, 16–26. [in Ukrainian]

Sun, Q., Yang, K., Li, C., Li, C., Ling, X., & Yang, D. (2024). Analysis on the chemical characteristics and genesis of drinking groundwater in rural areas of Suihua City, Northeast China. Environmental Forensics, 25(6), 614–625. https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2023.2297871

Toteva, А., & Shanov, S. (2021). Chemical composition of groundwater in the zone of slow water exchange of the Upper Pontian aquifer, Northwestern Bulgaria. Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 35, 23–30. https://doi.org/10.52321/igh.35.1.23

Trapeznikova, L. V., Monych, I. I., & Khrypta, Yu. V. (2013). Ekolohichnyi stan poverkhnevykh ta gruntovykh vod baseinu r. Irshava. Naukovyi visnyk Uzhhorodskoho universytetu. Khimiia, 1(29), 87–93. [in Ukrainian]

Varol, S., & Davraz, A. (2016). Evaluation of potential human health risk and investigation of drinking water quality in Isparta city center (Turkey). Journal of Water and Health, 14(3), 471–488. https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2015.187

Xiao, Y., Gu, X., Yin, S., Pan, X., Shao, J., & Cui, Y. (2017). Investigation of geochemical characteristics and controlling processes of groundwater in a typical long-term reclaimed water use area. Water, 9(10), 800. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9100800

Posted on by

ASSESSMENT OF SANITARY AND CHEMICAL INDICATORS OF SPRING WATERS OF THE CITY OF LVIV AND ITS SURROUNDINGS

Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (199–200) 2025 > 44–57

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (199–200) 2025, 44–57

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2025.199-200.044

Solomiia KALMUK, Halyna MEDVID, Vasyl HARASYMCHUK, Olha TELEHUZ, Iryna SAKHNIUK, Orysia MAYKUT

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: solomiya.kalmuk@gmail.com

Abstract

In this article, the authors examined 15 sources in Lviv and the surrounding area. Sanitary-chemical indicators and quality of spring waters were assessed. It is established that in 2024 оnly 2 springs are suitable for human consumption: “Spartak” and the source in Bryukhovychy. In all other springs many water quality indicators exceed the maximum permissible concentration (MPC): mineralisation, hardness, sulfates, calcium and nitrates. In two sources (High Castle and “Green Eye”) we observe an excess of nitrates. In the spring on Bilogorshcha we observe a slight excess of the mineralization index. Мost of the investigated waters are very hard, source “Spartak” – moderately hard. Nitrite and ammonium content was not detected in any water sample. The concentration of sodium ions in all sources of the city of Lviv and its surroundings is within normal limits and does not exceed the MPC. Chlorides are determined within normal limits in all selected samples, no exceedance of the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) is observed. Sulfates are present in all samples, but only in the source on Bilogorshcha they exceed the MPC norm by 1.5 times. Most of Lviv’s springs are calcium bicarbonate in composition. And only the source on Bilogorshcha is atypical in chemical composition – calcium sulfate. Such indicators are probably related to water-bearing rocks – gypsoanhydrite deposits of the Tyrrhenian Badenian aquifer.

A comparative analysis of ten popular sources in the city of Lviv was conducted over 14–15 years. The “Spartak” spring has remained suitable for human consumption for 18 years and the water from this spring meets the requirements for drinking water. The source in front of Vynnyky Lake was suitable for human consumption in 2010, but in 2024, due to an excess of calcium ions, it became unfit for consumption. Other springs also remain unfit for human consumption. Significant changes are observed in the nitrate content in the spring in Stryisky Park: over the past 15 years, the concentration of nitrates has decreased sixfold and no longer exceeds the MPC. Positive dynamics in the purification of the mineral composition of groundwater are observed in the springs at High Castle (the content of Calcium and nitrates is still above the MPC) and in Stryisky Park (the concentration of Calcium and hardness is above the MPC). The spring in Kleparov would have good characteristics, but the high calcium content excludes it from being suitable for human consumption and provokes an increase in hardness.

Full Text

Keywords

aquifer, sanitary and chemical indicators, hydrogen index, mineralisation, water hardness, drinking water, springs of Lviv and its surroundings

Referenses

Andreichuk, Yu. M., Voloshyn, P. K., Savka, H. S., Shandra, Yu. Ya., & Shushniak, V. M. (2020). Nova spetsialna hidroheolohichna karta Lvova. In Resursy pryrodnykh vod Karpatskoho rehionu (Problemy okhorony ta ratsionalnoho vykorystannia): zbirnyk naukovykh statei XIX Mizhnarodnoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii (Lviv, 8–9 zhovtnia 2020 r.) (pp. 6–9). Lviv. [in Ukrainian]

Didula, R. P., & Kondratiuk, Ye. I. (2018). Otsinka yakosti vody populiarnykh dzherel Lvivshchyny. In Resursy pryrodnykh vod Karpatskoho rehionu (Problemy okhorony ta ratsionalnoho vykorystannia): zbirnyk naukovykh statei XVII Mizhnarodnoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii (Lviv, 24–25 travnia 2018 r.) (pp. 88–93). Lviv. [in Ukrainian]

Didula R. P., Kondratiuk, Ye. I., Blavatskyi, Yu. B., Usov, V. Yu., & Pylypovych, O. V. (2018). Otsinka sanitarno-khimichnykh pokaznykiv bezpechnosti ta yakosti vody populiarnykh dzherel riznykh heostrukturnykh zon Lvivshchyny. Hidrolohiia, hidrokhimiia i hidroekolohiia, 4(51), 87–101. http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/glghge_2018_4_8 [in Ukrainian]

Dyrektyva Rady 98/83/IeS vid 3 lystopada 1998 r. pro yakist vody, pryznachenoi dlia spozhyvannia liudynoiu. (1998). https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/994_963#Text [in Ukrainian]

Hihiienichni vymohy do vody pytnoi, pryznachenoi dlia spozhyvannia liudynoiu (DSanPiN 2.2.4-171-10). (2010). Kyiv. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0452-10#Text [in Ukrainian]

Kolodii, V. V., Kolodii, I. V., & Maievskyi, B. Y. (2009). Naftohazova hidroheolohiia. Ivano-Frankivsk: Fakel. [in Ukrainian]

Kolodii, V., Pankiv, R., & Maikut, O. (2007). Do hidroheolohii i hidroheokhemii Lvova y okolyts. Pratsi naukovoho tovarystva im. Shevchenka. Heolohichnyi zbirnyk, 19, 175–181. http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/73811 [in Ukrainian]

Kondratiuk, Ye., Didula, R., Blavatskyi, Yu., & Tryhuba, L. (2012). Vyvchennia yakosti hospodarsko-pytnykh vod mista Lvova. Sut ta aktualnist problemy. Medychna hidrolohiia ta reabilitatsiia, 10(4). http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/MedGid_2012_10_4_12 [in Ukrainian]

Mandziuk, M. I., Pylypovych, O. V., Hrytsaniuk, V. V., Didula, R. P., Kostenko, Ye. A., & Ilchenko, V. A. (2024). Otsinka sanitarno-khimichnykh pokaznykiv bezpechnosti ta yakosti vody populiarnykh sakralnykh dzherel Lvivshchyny. In Nadrokorystuvannia v Ukraini. Perspektyvy investuvannia: materialy IX Mizhnarodnoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii (Lviv, 7–11 zhovtnia 2024 r.) (pp. 567–573). Lviv. https://sci.ldubgd.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/14028 [in Ukrainian]

Pankiv, R. P., Liekh, D., Vysotska, I., Lishevska, M., Maikut, O. M., & Datsiuk, O. I. (2010). Osoblyvosti heokhimii mikroelementiv dzherelnykh vod m. Lvova. In Resursy pryrodnykh vod Karpatskoho rehionu (Problemy okhorony ta ratsionalnoho vykorystannia): zbirnyk naukovykh statei IX Mizhnarodnoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii (Lviv, 27–28 travnia 2010 r.) (pp. 147–150). Lviv. [in Ukrainian]

Pankiv, R. P., & Maikut, O. M. (2003). Heokhimichni osoblyvosti dzherelnykh vod m. Lvova. In Resursy pryrodnykh vod Karpatskoho rehionu (Problemy okhorony ta ratsionalnoho vykorystannia): zbirnyk naukovykh statei II Mizhnarodnoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii (Lviv, 15–16 travnia 2003 r.) (pp. 212–216). Lviv. [in Ukrainian]

Pankiv, R. P., & Maikut, O. M. (2005). Hidroheokhimiia mikroelementiv u dzherelnykh vodakh m. Lvova. In Resursy pryrodnykh vod Karpatskoho rehionu (Problemy okhorony ta ratsionalnoho vykorystannia): zbirnyk naukovykh statei IV Mizhnarodnoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii (Lviv, 26–27 travnia 2005 r.) (pp. 213–216). Lviv. [in Ukrainian]

Pidlisna, O. (2016). Dzherela pidzemnykh vod Lvova yak pamiatky nezhyvoi pryrody. In Heoturyzm: praktyka i dosvid: materialy II mizhnarodnoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii (Lviv, 5–7 travnia 2016 r.) (pp. 111–112). Lviv. https://geography.lnu.edu.ua/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/geotourism_Lviv_2016.pdf [in Ukrainian]

Shestopalov, V. M. (2022). Problemy zberezhennia ta efektyvnoho vykorystannia yakisnykh pidzemnykh vod u konteksti vodnoi bezpeky Ukrainy. Stenohrama dopovidi na zasidanni Prezydii NAN Ukrainy 11 travnia 2022 roku. Visnyk NAN Ukrainy, 7, 69–74. https://doi.org/10.15407/visn2022.07.069 [in Ukrainian]

Shmaliei, S. (2003). Kryterii otsinky yakosti vody dlia rekreatsiinykh ta estetychnykh tsilei. In Resursy pryrodnykh vod Karpatskoho rehionu (Problemy okhorony ta ratsionalnoho vykorystannia): zbirnyk naukovykh statei II Mizhnarodnoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii (Lviv, 15–16 travnia 2003 r.) (pp. 170–178). Lviv. [in Ukrainian]

Voda pytna. Hihiienichni vymohy i kontrol za yakistiu (HOST 2874-82). (1982). Moskva. https://online.budstandart.com/ua/catalog/doc-page?id_doc=52582 [in Ukrainian]

Voloshyn, P. K. (2004). Monitorynh pidzemnykh vod tsentralnoi chastyny m. Lvova. In Resursy pryrodnykh vod Karpatskoho rehionu (Problemy okhorony ta ratsionalnoho vykorystannia): zbirnyk naukovykh statei III Mizhnarodnoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii (Lviv, 15–16 chervnia 2004 r.) (pp. 126–133). Lviv. [in Ukrainian]

Posted on by

GEOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF MOBILE FORMS OF Pb, Cd, As, and Hg IN PEATLANDS OF THE LVIV REGION

Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (199–200) 2025 > 25–43

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (199–200) 2025, 25–43

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2025.199-200.025

Myroslav PAVLYUK1, Myroslava YAKOVENKO2, Yurii KHOKHA3, Olga SERDІUKOVA4

1, 2, 3 Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: 1pavlyuk.myroslav@gmail.com; 2myroslavakoshil@ukr.net; 3khoha_yury@ukr.net
4 V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, e-mail: serd.64@ukr.net

Abstract

The aim of the work was to quantitatively characterize the spatial‑stratigraphic variability of mobile forms of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) in peatlands of the Lviv Region and to identify the main physicochemical factors of their accumulation.

Materials and methods. 26 samples from six peatlands (Bilohorshcha, Honchary, Hamaliivka, Artyshchiv, Polonychna, Sknylivok) were studied along profiles 0–140 cm at 20 cm intervals. Mobile forms of Pb, Cd, As were determined by ICP AES after extraction with 0.2 M HCl, whereas Hg was measured by direct thermal decomposition-amalgamation AAS (NIC MA 3 Solo) without prior wet extraction. pH, ash content (Ash), moisture content (W), and organic matter content were measured. Statistical processing included descriptive statistics, geoaccumulation index (GI), Spearman correlations, hierarchical clustering (Ward) and PCA with varimax rotation.

Results. The studied peat deposits of the Lviv Region are characterized by a high proportion of organic matter (median = 83.95 %), variable ash content (9.69–37.08 %) and an acidic-to-weakly neutral environment (pH = 4.40–7.69). Mobile forms of Pb, Cd, As and Hg show high spatial stratigraphic variability and lognormal distributions; coefficients of variation are ≈ 236–263–136 % for Pb, Cd and Hg, respectively, while As has moderately high variability (≈ 82 %). According to the averaged concentration coefficients normalized to the median, the geochemical spectrum is: Cd (3.57) > Pb (3.02) > Hg (1.28) > As (1.20). Comparison with lithospheric and soil reference levels indicates persistent enrichment in Cd, whereas Hg is generally at background to subbackground levels (Igeo ≤ 0), with Pb and As mostly not exceeding background except for local anomalies. The vertical structure is mosaic: Hg shows modest near-surface increases with no stable deep maxima and no significant geoaccumulation (Igeo < 0); Pb frequently peaks near the surface but exhibits a deep maximum in the Honchary profile (60–80 cm); Cd forms contrasting intraprofile anomalies (Honchary, 60–80 cm), and As combines near-surface increases with a deep peak (Hamaliivka, 120–140 cm), indicating the role of redox gradients and mineral admixture. Multivariate analyses (correlation, clustering, PCA) before and after ash normalization consistently reveal a stable cationic Pb–Cd block, organic control of As, and moisture-redox-acid-base control on Hg, separating the roles of organic and mineral phases in forming profile anomalies and providing a basis for further monitoring.

Full Text

Keywords

peat, geochemistry, mobile forms, lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, Lviv Region

Referenses

Borówka, R. K., Sławińska, J., Okupny, D., Osóch, P., & Tomkowiak, J. (2022). Mercury in the sediments of selected peatlands in Małopolska region. Acta Geographica Lodziensia, 112, 61–76. https://doi.org/10.26485/AGL/2022/112/5

Bowen H. J. M. (1979). Environment Chemistry of the Elements. London; New York; Toronto; Sydney; San Francisco: Academic Press.

Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł, B., Smieja-Król, B., & Palowski, B. (2011). Heavy metal accumulation in two peat bogs from southern Poland. Studia Quaternaria, 28, 17–24.

Instytut gruntoznavstva ta ahrokhimii imeni O. N. Sokolovskoho Ukrainskoi akademii ahrarnykh nauk. (2006). Yakist gruntu. Vyznachennia rukhomykh spoluk fosforu i kaliiu za metodom Kirsanova v modyfikatsii NNTs IHA (DSTU 4405:2005). Kyiv: Derzhspozhyvstandart Ukrainy. [in Ukrainian]

Instytut gruntoznavstva ta ahrokhimii imeni O. N. Sokolovskoho Ukrainskoi akademii ahrarnykh nauk. (2008). Melioranty gruntu ta seredovyshcha rostu. Hotuvannia prob do khimichnoho ta fizychnoho analizu, vyznachennia vmistu sukhoi rechovyny, vmistu volohy ta laboratorno ushchilnenoi nasypnoi shchilnosti (DSTU EN 13040:2005). Kyiv. [in Ukrainian]

Instytut silskohospodarskoi mikrobiolohii ta ahropromyslovoho vyrobnytstva NAAN (2016). Torf i produkty yoho pereroblennia dlia silskoho hospodarstva. Metody vyznachennia obminnoi y aktyvnoi kyslotnosti (DSTU 7882:2015). Kyiv. [in Ukrainian]

Jensen, A. (1997). Historical deposition rates of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in Norway and Sweden estimated by 210Pb dating and measurement of trace elements in cores of peat bogs. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 95(1), 205–220. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02406166

Kempter, H., & Frenzel, B. (1999). The local nature of anthropogenic emission sources on the elemental content of nearby ombrotrophic peat bogs, Vulkaneifel, Germany. Science of the Total Environment, 241(1–3), 117–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00331-9

Klos, V. R., Birke, M., Zhovynskyi, E. Ya., Akinfiiev, H. O., Amashukeli, Yu. A., & Klamens, R. (2012). Rehionalni heokhimichni doslidzhennia gruntiv Ukrainy v ramkakh mizhnarodnoho proektu z heokhimichnoho kartuvannia silskohospodarskykh ta pasovyshchnykh zemel Yevropy (GEMAS). Poshukova ta ekolohichna heokhimiia, 1(12), 51–66. [in Ukrainian]

Miszczak, E., Stefaniak, S., Michczyński, A., Steinnes, E., & Twardowska, I. (2020). A novel approach to peatlands as archives of total cumulative spatial pollution loads from atmospheric deposition of airborne elements complementary to EMEP data: priority pollutants (Pb, Cd, Hg). Science of the Total Environment, 705, 135776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135776

Nieminen, T. M., Ukonmaanaho, L., & Shotyk, W. (2002). Enrichment of Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and As in an ombrotrophic peat bog near a Cu–Ni smelter in Southwest Finland. Science of the Total Environment, 292(1–2), 81–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00028-1

Tekhnichnyi komitet standartyzatsii “Gruntoznavstvo” (TK 142) ta Natsionalnyi naukovyi tsentr “Instytut gruntoznavstva ta ahrokhimii im. O. N. Sokolovskoho” (2015). Yakist gruntu. Vyznachennia zolnosti torfu i torfovoho gruntu (DSTU 7942:2015). Kyiv. [in Ukrainian]

Ukonmaanaho, L., Nieminen, T. M., Rausch, N., & Shotyk, W. (2004). Heavy Metal and Arsenic Profiles in Ombrogenous Peat Cores from Four Differently Loaded Areas in Finland. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 158, 277–294. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:WATE.0000044860.70055.32

Vile, M. A., Wieder, R. K., & Novák, M. (1999). Mobility of Pb in Sphagnum-derived peat. Biogeochemistry, 45(1), 35–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00992872

Voitkevich, G. V., Miroshnikov, A. E., Povarennykh, A. S., & Prokhorov, V. G. (1970). Kratkii spravochnik po geokhimii. Moskva: Nedra. [in Russian]

Posted on by

SEDIMENTATION AND POSTSEDIMENTATION TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE MIOCENE ROCK COMPLEX OF THE OUTER ZONE OF THE PRECARPATHIAN TROUGH

Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (199–200) 2025 > 13–24

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (199–200) 2025, 13–24

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2025.199-200.013

Ihor MYKHAILOVSKYI

LLC “BURPROEKT”, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: igormykhailovskyi@ukr.net

Abstract

The aim of the research is to clarify the influence of the Badenian-Sarmatian sedimentary accumulation on the autochthonous part of the Precarpathian trough and the nature of consolidation and postsedimentation dislocations in the middle of the upper molasses. The research methods are based on a detailed correlation of well sections within individual megablocks of the Outer zone of the trough and a comparison of the obtained results, establishing the connections of the sedimentary accumulation with the paleogeomorphological features of the pre-Neogene erosional surface. The Miocene epoch of the development of the Outer zone of the Precarpathian trough was accompanied by regional transgression with the accumulation of a thick layer of Badenian-Sarmatian, mainly terrigenous sediments. The erosion system created in the early Miocene in areas not involved in the processes of the late Alpine orogenesis, preserved its main structural features under the layer of the upper molasses. The lithofacies features of the latter were directly dependent on a number of factors, the main of which are the lithological composition of the supply sources, the distance from the zone of active erosion processes, the mechanisms and routes of sedimentary material transportation, the mobility of the sedimentation basin and post-sedimentary transformations at different stages of sediment consolidation. The granulometric composition, the degree of sorting and the heterogeneity of the clastic material were largely controlled by the paleorelief of the bottom of the sedimentation basin and its dynamics. The main factor in the formation of discontinuous and plicative dislocations within the upper molasse complex were the forces of gravity, which were especially activated in areas with significant slope steepness. This led to the formation of regional and local slip-landslides, which were accompanied by antithetical (compensatory) disturbances.

Full Text

Keywords

deflection, depression, abutment, tectonic disturbances, denudation, erosion surface

Referenses

Andreichuk, M. M. (2006). Do pytannia osadonahromadzhennia verkhnobadenskykh porid u Kolomyiskii systemi paleovriziv Zovnishnoi zony Peredkarpatskoho prohynu. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1, 66–76. [in Ukrainian]

Andreichuk, M. M. (2012). Rol doneohenovykh eroziinykh protsesiv u formuvanni strukturnykh elementiv Zovnishnoi zony Peredkarpatskoho prohynu. Visnyk Lvivskoho universytetu. Seriia heolohichna, 26, 212–220. [in Ukrainian]

Andreichuk, M. M. (2013). Osoblyvosti heolohichnoi budovy i pastky vuhlevodniv Zovnishnoi zony Peredkarpatskoho prohynu [Extended abstract of Candidateʼs thesis]. Lviv. [in Ukrainian]

Cheban, O. V. (2000). Osoblyvosti budovy hazovykh rodovyshch Zovnishnoi zony Peredkarpatskoho prohynu i napriamky yikh dorozvidky. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 4, 106–108. [in Ukrainian]

Cheban, O. V. (2004). Vplyv dyziunktyvnykh porushen na umovy formuvannia pokladiv vuhlevodniv pivnichno-zakhidnoi chastyny Zovnishnoi zony Peredkarpatskoho prohynu [Extended abstract of Candidateʼs thesis]. Lviv. [in Ukrainian]

Halamai, A. R. (2001). Fizyko-khimichni umovy formuvannia evaporytovykh vidkladiv Karpatskoho rehionu [Extended abstract of Candidateʼs thesis]. Lviv. [in Ukrainian]

Krupskyi, Yu. (2001). Heodynamichni umovy formuvannia i naftohazonosnist Karpatskoho ta Volyno-Podilskoho rehioniv Ukrainy. Kyiv: UkrDHRI. [in Ukrainian]

Krupskyi, Yu. (2020). Heolohiia i naftohazonosnist Zakhidnoho rehionu Ukrainy. Lviv: SPOLOM. [in Ukrainian]

Krupskyi, Yu. Z., Andreichuk, M. M., & Chepil, P. M. (2006). Obstanovky osadkonahromadzhennia v miotseni Zovnishnoi zony Peredkarpatskoho prohynu i naftohazonosnist. Heolohichnyi zhurnal, 1(315), 27–41. [in Ukrainian]

Lazaruk, Ya., Zaiats, Kh., & Pobihun, I. (2013). Hravitatsiinyi tektohenez Bilche-Volytskoi zony Peredkarpatskoho prohynu. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1–2(162–163), 5–16. [in Ukrainian]

Pavliukh, O. (2009). Osoblyvosti heolohichnoi budovy ta formuvannia pokladiv hazu v Zovnishnii zoni Peredkarpatskoho prohynu. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 3–4(148–149), 31–43. [in Ukrainian]

Pelipchak, B. P. (1985). Zonalnyi prognoz neftegazonosnosti baden-sarmatskikh otlozhenii Bilche-Volitckoi zony Predkarpatskogo progiba [Extended abstract of Candidateʼs thesis]. Lvov. [in Russian]

Pobihun, I., & Hryvniak, H. (2011). Osoblyvosti rozryvnoi tektoniky Zovnishnoi zony Peredkarpatskoho prohynu i Volyno-Podilskoi plyty. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1–2(154–155), 139–140. [in Ukrainian]

Smyrnov, S. Ye., Samarska, O. V., Smoholiuk, N. V., & Trofymovych, N. A. (1994). Tyraski hipsy Peredkarpattia – hlybokovodni utvorennia. Novyi pohliad na problemu. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1–2(86–87), 65–71. [in Ukrainian]

Zaiats, Kh. B. (2004). Novi pohliady na perspektyvy hazonosnosti badenskykh vidkladiv pivdennoho skhodu Bilche-Volytskoi zony Peredkarpatskoho prohynu. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1, 102–105. [in Ukrainian]

Zaiats, Kh. (2013). Hlybynna budova nadr Zakhidnoho rehionu Ukrainy na osnovi seismichnykh doslidzhen i napriamky poshukovykh robit na naftu ta haz. Lviv: Tsentr Yevropy. [in Ukrainian]

Zaiats, Kh. B., Moroshan, R. P., & Dovhyi, I. I. (2000). Osoblyvosti davnoho eroziinoho reliefu mezopaleozoiskoi osnovy Peredkarpatskoho prohynu za seismichnymy danymy. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1, 60–64. [in Ukrainian]

Posted on by

INCREASE OF HYDROCARBON PRODUCTION FROM RESERVOIR ROCKS FORMED IN THIN-LAYERED NEOGENE DEPOSITS OF THE BILCHE-VOLYTSKA AREA OF THE FORECARPATHIAN

Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (199–200) 2025 > 5–12

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (199–200) 2025, 5–12

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2025.199-200.005

Dmytro FEDORYSHYN1, Oleksandr TRUBENKO2, Serhii FEDORYSHYN3, Taras LINKO4

1, 2, 3 Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine,
e-mail: 1dmytro.fedoryshyn@nung.edu.ua; 2geotom@nung.edu.ua; 3serhii.fedoryshyn@nung.edu.ua
4 JSC “Tysmenytsiagas”, Tysmenytsia, Ukraine,
e-mail: 4taras.lenko-a103-23@nung.edu.ua

Abstract

The paper addresses to the topical scientific and practical issue of enhancing the efficiency of hydrocarbon recovery from reservoir rocks formed in thin-bedded Neogene deposits of the Bilche-Volytska zone in the Precarpathian Basin. The reservoirs in this region are characterized by complex lithological structure, significant layering, variability in granulometric composition, and generally low filtration and storage properties. An additional complicating factor is the high heterogeneity of the strata, which manifests itself in both horizontal and vertical directions, significantly affecting the efficiency of oil and gas extraction using traditional methods.

The paper provides a detailed analysis of the geological prerequisites for the formation of thin-bedded sandstone-siltstone complexes, including their petrophysical characteristics, such as porosity, permeability, cementation type, and fluid saturation degree. Considerable attention is paid to the study of the filtration properties of rocks in the context of the spatial variability of reservoir parameters that determine the productive potential of wells. The influence of structural and tectonic factors on the formation of traps and the distribution of reservoir zones is considered separately.

The main factors limiting well yields in such geological conditions are analyzed, and possible ways to optimize development are considered. Improving geological and geophysical models, applying modern intensification methods, in particular hydraulic fracturing and acid treatment, as well as introducing technologies for detailed zoning of productive intervals, are promising areas for improving production efficiency. The work emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive approach that combines geological analysis, laboratory research, and modelling of filtration processes to ensure the rational and efficient development of resources in this complex category of reservoirs.

Full Text

Keywords

rock, pore space, porosity, electrical resistivity, clay content

Referenses

Fedyshyn, V. O. (2005). Nyzkoporysti porody-kolektory hazu promyslovoho pryznachennia. Kyiv: UkrDHRI. [in Ukrainian]

Fedoryshyn, D. D., Fedoryshyn, S. D., Starostin, A. V., & Koval, Ya. M. (2006). Prychyny nyzkoomnosti porid-kolektoriv ta otsinka kharakteru yikh nasychennia v umovakh naftohazovykh rodovyshch Ukrainy. Rozvidka ta rozrobka naftovykh i hazovykh rodovyshch, 3, 35–40. [in Ukrainian]

Hrytsyshyn, V. I. (1987). Kompleksne vyvchennia kolektoriv naftovykh i hazovykh rodovyshch Prykarpattia (№ 195/88). IFINH. Ivano-Frankivsk. [in Ukrainian]

Hrytsyshyn, V. I. (2012). Petrofizychna kharakterystyka kolektoriv naftovykh i hazovykh rodovyshch Karpatskoho rehionu i Dniprovsko-Donetskoi zapadyny. Ivano-Frankivsk: NTSh, Ivano-Frankivskyi oseredok. [in Ukrainian]

Nesterenko, M. Yu. (2010). Petrofizychni osnovy obgruntuvannia fliuidonasychennia porid-kolektoriv. Kyiv: UkrDHRI. [in Ukrainian]

Petkevych, H. I., Sheremeta, O. V., & Prytulko, H. I. (1979). Metodyka petrofizychnoho vyvchennia kolektoriv nafty i hazu, v umovakh modeliuvannia plastiv. Kyiv: Naukova dumka. [in Ukrainian]