foraminifera – Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals

Posted on July 2024October 2024 by GGCMJournal

CORRELATION OF THE EASTERN SEGMENT OF TETHYAN UPPER JYRASSIC REEF BARRIER AND ADJACENT FACIES (Carpathian-Crimean-Caucasian area)

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (193–194) 2024 > 95–112

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (193–194) 2024, 95–112

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2024.193-194.095

Natalia ZHABINA
Institute of Geological Sciences of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, e-mail: zhabinanatalia@gmail.com

Abstract

The spread of the Oxfordian-Valanginian facial belts of the carbonate shelf is traced on the territory of the eastern segment of Tethyan Upper Jurassic reef barrier by the results of own research and analysis of the published data. It is based on the scheme of distribution of the standard facial belts (D. Wilson, 1980). Complex correlation of the reefogenic and related deposits is done on the basis of comparison of the litofacial and micropaleontological composition. Standard biozonal scheme by Tintinnida and correlative associations of the Foraminifera are used.

Most complete reefogenic deposits are presented in the West Ukrainian (Stryi Jurassic deep), where reefal, reef-front and back-reef facies are distributed. They are overlap by the deposits of the open shelf. This carbonate complex is significantly eroded to the East and represented only by Oxfordian back-reef facies on the Kovel ledge and by biohermic belt in the Belarus Brest cavity. In the Pieniny Klippen Belt in the Ukrainian Carpathians, the fragments of the Oxfordian-Valanginian pelagic facies of carbonate shelf are distributed. In the deep basement of the Ukrainian Transcarpathians, the Upper Tithonian, Berriassian and Valanginian deposits of open shelf are presented.

To the West, the similar Oxfordian-Valanginian facies of the carbonate shelf are spread out on the adjacent territory of Poland, but they are mostly eroded. Reef belt is represented only by Oxfordian bioherms on the Polish Lowland. Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian back-reef facies and Tithonian-Berriassian deposits are more widespread. Reef-front facies are represented only by the Oxfordian. These deposits are overlaped by the Berriassian–Valanginian open shelf sedimens. In the Polish Carpathian Pieniny Klippen Belt and Tatra Mts, the fragments of the Oxfordian–Valanginian pelagic deposits of carbonate shelf are presented. In the Flysch Carpathians, Tithonian-Berriassian reefal limestone and Oxfordian and Tithonian reef-front facies also are presented.

Upper Jurassic reefogenic belt spread on the south-east in Predobrogian deep, where it is very eroded and overlaped by Lower Cretaceous rocks. Reefal facies is represented only by Middle Oxfordian – Lower Kimmeridgian biohermes. Back-reef facies of the Middle Oxfordian – Lower Kimmeridgian and Upper Tithonian – Lower Berriassian are present. Kimmeridgian and Tithonian lagoone-evaporite facies are the most spread. Reef-front facies are represented by the Oxfordian – Lower Kimmeridgian and Upper Tithonian.

In the Crimean Orogen, Upper Jurassic reef barrier is represented by destroyed and insufficiently studied sections, because of that the complete regularity of facial directions is not found. Oxfordian – Lower Kimmeridgian and Upper Tithonian – Lower Berriassian reefal facies, as well as Lower Oxfordian, Upper Kimmeridgian – Lower Berriassian facies are presented.

In Greater Caucasus, the Upper Jurassic – Lower Cretaceous carbonate complex is completed with the Oxfordian and Tithonian reefal facies and Oxfordian-Tithonian back-reef facies and evaporates, as well as by the Oxfordian-Valanginian pelagic deposits. These sections are fragmental, and the complete regularity of facial directions is not found.

So, the eastern segment of Tethyan Upper Jurassic reefogenic complex is spread trough the regions of Carpathian Foredeep, Predobrogean deep, orogens of Carpathians, Crimea and Greater Caucasus. In the orogene structures, this complex is presented fragmentarily, and in the Polish Lowland and Predobrugean deep, it is very eroded. In the Stryi Jurassic deep, the complete complex of reef barrier is presented, and regularity of facial directions are determined. All specified facial belts in these regions are characterized by the similar lithologic composition, as well as by the same associations of Foraminifera and Tintinnida. This made it possible to implement the stratigraphic correlation of the lithofacies formations of the carbonate complex.

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Keywords

Upper Jurassic, Lower Cretaceous, reef barrier, Carpathians and Precarpathians, Predobrogean deep, Mountainous Crimea, Greater Caucasus, facial belt, Foraminifera, Tintinnida, stratigraphic correlation

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Posted on July 2024October 2024 by GGCMJournal

THE LATE CRETACEOUS OF THE PIENINY KLIPPEN BELT AND MARMAROSH KLIPPEN ZONE OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS: PALEOCEANOGRAPHY BY FORAMINIFERA

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (193–194) 2024 > 81–94

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (193–194) 2024, 81–94

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2024.193-194.081

Ksenia NAVARIVSKA^{1, 2}, Oleh HNYLKO¹
¹Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: ohnilko@yahoo.com
²Lviv National Ivan Franko University, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: navarivska@gmail.com

Abstract

In presented article, on the basis of foraminiferal analysis and using the sedimentological data, the stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous deposits of the Pieniny Klippen Belt and the Marmarosh Klippen Zone is summarized and clarified, and the features of paleoceanography, in particular the paleobathymetry of sedimentatary basins, were reconstructed. An analysis of the taxonomic composition and morphological features of foraminifera were carried out, as well as of the planktonic/benthic ratio was calculated, on the basis of which the paleoenvironment for foraminifera were reconstructed.

Three types of deep-sea foraminiferal assemblages were identified in the studied sediments based on a comparison of the foraminiferal assemblages with the Upper Cretaceous biofacies of the Western Mediterranian and adjacent areas. The assemblages (1) of agglutinated foraminifera belonging to the deep-water agglutinated foraminifera (DWAF) are indicating a bathyal–abyssal below the calcite compensation depth (CCD). These assemblages were found only in the Marmarosh Klippen Zone in low-thickness (25 m) Turonian–Santonian red argillites in the lower part of the Puchov Formation, as well as in the flysch deposits of the Jarmuta Formation. Small-sized foraminifera with a fine-grained wall texture, which belong to the genera Ammodiscus, Haplophragmoides, Labrospira, Pseudobolivina, Plectorecurvoides, Praecystammina, Uvigerinammina, Gerochammina suggesting pelagic sedimentation below CCD are common in the lower part of the Puchov Formation in the Marmarosh Klippen Zone. The assemblages (2) are characteristic for the basin slope with depths above the CCD, and represented by mixed agglutinated, calcareous benthic and planktonic foraminifera. They are characterized by the predominance of the benthic specimens, which make up 70-80% of foraminiferal remains. Assemblages (2) were also found in sediments of the Marmarosh Klippen Zone, such as the upper part of the Santonian and Campanian sediments of the Puchov Formation. They contain siliceous or calcareous-siliceous DWAF (mainly genera Kalamopsis, Caudammina, Karrerulina, Spiroplectammina, Tritaxia, Dorothia, Marssonella), calcareous benthic foraminifera (mainly genera Pleurostomella, Eponides, Globorotalites, Anomalina, Reussella). Planktonic foraminifera have mainly large keeled shells typical for deep sea areas and belong to the genera Globotruncana, Globotruncanita, and Abathomphalus. The assemblages (3) are plankton-dominated with admixture of the DWAF and calcareous benthic foraminifera. The assemblages are characteristic of marls accumulated at depths above the CCD on continental slopes in the bathyal conditions of the open ocean. They are common in the Upper Cretaceous of the Pieniny Klippen Belt, where were found in the tops of the Tyssalo Formation (Cenomanian), Puchov Formation (Turonian–Maastrichtian), and Jarmuta Formation (Maastrichtian). Planktonic foraminifera have mainly large keeled shells, high species and genera diversity and belong to the family Rotaliporidae (Cenomanian), families Globotruncanidae, Globotruncanellidae (Turonian–Maastrichtian). Benthic foraminifera belong mainly to genera Caudammina, Tritaxia, Dorothia, Marssonella Eponides, Reussella.

The Upper Cretaceous deposits of the Ukrainian segment of the Pieniny Klippen Belt correspond to the sediments of the Czorsztyn sequence of its Polish segment, and were accumulated in the Czorsztyn submerged ridge (probably on its slope) located in the Alpine Tethys Ocean. The Upper Cretaceous deposits of the Marmarosh Klippen Zone were accumulated on the foot (Turonian – Santonian) and slope (uppermost Santonian – Campanian) of the another uplift such as the edge of the ancient Tisza-Dacia microcontinent, of which the Marmarosh Crystalline Massif is a part. Maastrichnian clastic sediments of the Jarmuta Formation were formed in the orogenic environments.

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Keywords

Ukrainian Carpathians, Pieniny Klippen Belt, Marmarosh Klippen Zone, Late Cretaceous, foraminifera, paleoceanography

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Posted on June 2022August 2023 by GGCMJournal

AGE AND SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS OF THE PALEOCENE DEPOSITS IN THE CARPATHIAN SKYBA NAPPE BASED ON MICROPALEONTOLOGICAL AND SEDIMENTOLOGICAL DATA

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (187–188) 2022 > 36–47

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (187–188) 2022, 36–47.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2022.01-02.036

Oleh HNYLKO, Aida ANDREEVA-GRIGOROVICH, Svitlana HNYLKO
Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

The results of micropaleontological and sedimentological studies of the Paleocene sediments such as the Upper Member of the Stryi Formation and the Yamna Formation located in the Skyba Nappe in the Ukrainian Outer (Flysh) Carpathians are represented. Sedimentological features of the flysch successions (including the sedimentary succession along the Prut River in the city of Yaremche) proved that the Upper Member of the Stryi Formation is represented mainly by turbidites; the lower part of the Yamna Formation (variegated Yaremcha Horizon) is composed of red and green clay hemipelagites and turbidites, and the upper part of the Yamna Formation (Yamna sandstone) consists of deposits of high-density turbidite currents and grain flows.

The calcareous nannoplankton: NP1, NP2, NP3 and NP4 zones as well as the foraminifera: planktonic Globoconusa daubjergensis Zone (Danian Stage) and benthic Rzehakina epigona Subzone of Rzehakina fissistomata Zone, s. l. (the early Paleocene) are identified in the Upper Member of the Stryi Formation. The calcareous nannoplanktonic NP4, NP5, NP6 zones are distinguished in the Yaremcha Horizon and NP6, NP8, NP9 zones are identified in the Yamna sandstone. The agglutinated foraminifera including Rzehakina fissistomatа, Rz. epigona, Caudammina ovula, Hormosina velascoense, Glomospirella grzybowskii, Saccammina placenta, Paratrochamminoides irregularis are dominated in the Yamna Formation. The age of the Stryi Formation (Upper Member) is established as Danian–partly Zealandian, and the age of the Yamna Formation is Zealandian–Thanetian based on nannoplankton and foraminifera data.

Deep-water agglutinated foraminifera (DWAF) belonging to the genera Rhabdammina, Hyperammina, Dendrophrya, Ammodiscus, Glomospira, Hormosina, Reophax, Haplophragmoides, Recurvoides, Trochamminoides, Paratrochamminoides, Spiroplectammina, Karreriella are dominated in the background hemipelagic clay deposits and make up to 100% of the tests in the microfaunal associations, that suggests the lower bathyal-abyssal depths of the sedimentary paleobasin The channel deposits (Yamna sandstone) and interchannel sediments (Upper Member of the Stryi Formation) of the ancient deep-sea fan are identified in the Paleogene flysch.

Full Text

Keywords

Ukrainian Carpathians, Skyba Nappe, Paleocene, foraminifera, nannoplankton, sedimentation

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Posted on June 2021November 2021 by GGCMJournal

TECTONIC-SEDIMENTARY EVOLUTION OF THE FRONTAL PART OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIAN NAPPE STRUCTURE

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (183–184) 2021 > 45–59

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (183–184) 2021, 45–59.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2021.01-02.045

Oleh HNYLKO, Svitlana HNYLKO, Maria KULYANDA, Romana MARCHENKO
Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

For the first time in the Ukrainian Carpathians, the depths and tectono-sedimentation processes in the north-eastern part of the Outer Carpathian Basin (Skyba and Boryslav-Pokuttya units) have been restored on the base of sedimentological and microfaunistic studies. It was established that in the Cretaceous-Eocene time, the deep-water (near Calcite Compensation Depth) turbidite and similar sedimentation (turbidites with Bouma textures, grainites, debris-flow deposits), which periodically alternated with (hemi)pelagic sedimentation (red, green and black shales) was dominant here. Sedimentation took place on the continental margin of the the Carpathian branch of the Tethys, where deep-water fans were formed. Cretaceous-Eocene background red and green shales are enriched in buried in situ benthic foraminifera which are similar in taxonomic composition and morphological features to the microfauna of the Carpathian-Alpine and Atlantic regions (deep-water agglutinated foraminifera), which indicate lower bathyal – abyssal depths of flysch sedimentation. Latest Eocene Globigerina Marl horizon contains the foraminiferal assemblage with plankton dominance, which indicates a general shallowing of the Outer Carpathian Basin (middle-upper bathyal conditions above a calcite compensation depth). Oligocene – lowermost Miocene Menilite-Krosno and Polyanytsia formations were accumulated in the Skyba and Boryslav-Pokuttya sub-basins. In the Miocene, shallow-water molasses were accumulated here. Probably, the tectonic uproot of flysch deposits from its substrate and their synsedymentary thrusting towards the platform caused a significant shallowing of the Skyba and Boryslav-Pokuttya sub-basins starting from the latest Eocene. These processes reflected the growth of the Carpathian frontal nappes at the final orogen formation stage.

Full Text

Keywords

Ukrainian Carpathians, Skyba and Boryslav-Pokuttya nappes, foraminifera, turbidites

Referenses

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