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SUBSTANDARD CARBON-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS AND METHODS OF THEIR THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSING

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (183–184) 2021 > 89–109

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (183–184) 2021, 89–109.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2021.01-02.089

Dmytro BRYK, Myroslav PODOLSKYY, Yury KHOKHA, Oleksandr LYUBCHAK, Lesia KULCHYTSKA-ZHYHAYLO, Oleh GVOZDEVYCH

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, e-mail: cencon@ukr.net

Abstract

The analysis of the structure of consumption of primary energy resources in the world and in Ukraine are carried out. It is shown that in recent decades the share of coal is stable at 25–30 % and does not show a tendency to decrease. Similar patterns are observed in Ukraine too. It is established that in Ukraine the energy potential of reserves of substandard carbon-containing raw materials is commensurate with the deposits of conditioned coal and can be used to increase the country’s energy security. At the same time, the deterioration of environmental indicators in the world and in Ukraine requires an increase in the level of environmental safety in the use of carbon-containing raw materials and appropriate environmental modernization of its thermochemical conversion methods.

The paper reviews the methods of thermochemical processing of substandard carbon-containing raw materials (pyrolysis and coking, hydrogenation, gasification) and shows that the gasification process, which allows processing of various substandard fuel resources in terrestrial and underground conditions, is the most promising for environmental safety use. It is shown that developed terrestrial gasification methods are characterized by insufficient productivity of gas generators, significant capital costs for their installation and negative impact on the environment. In addition, terrestrial processing of low-quality coal is not a waste-free technology and does not solve the problem of “secondary” gasification residues recycling . Some of these shortcomings can be eliminated by using the method of underground gasification, in which there is no need to extract coal to the surface, and secondary waste remains underground.

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Keywords

energy resources, carbon-containing raw materials, coal, environmental conversion.

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GEOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF EURASIAN EVAPORITES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF SEAWATER IN PHANEROZOIC

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (183–184) 2021 > 110–129

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (183–184) 2021, 110–129.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2021.01-02.110

Аnatoliy GALAMAY, Andriy POBEREZHSKYY, Sofiya HRYNIV, Serhiy VOVNYUK, Dariya SYDOR, Iaroslava IAREMCHUK, Sofiya MAKSYMUK, Oksana OLIYOVYCH-HLADKA, Lyudmila BILYK

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

Studies of evaporites provide new data to characterize the seawater chemistry in the Early Paleozoic and Middle Mesozoic. In particular, we studied the fluid inclusions in halite from Ordovician (China) and Cretaceous (Laos) evaporites. The corresponding sections on the plot of Ca/SO4 oscillations curve in the Phanerozoic seawater are updated. The calcium content in seawater concentrated to halite precipitation stage was 45.6 mol %, 485 million years ago and 24.3 mol % 112.2–93.5 million years ago.

By analyzing the previously published and new factual material, it is established that in Permian evaporites the sulfur isotopic composition is inversely correlated with the sulfate ion content in evaporite basin brines. Thus, the evolution of seawater chemistry in Permian is confirmed by the evolution of the isotopic composition of dissolved seawater sulfate.

According to the generalization of 38 Phanerozoic marine evaporite formations, it was found that the peculiarities of the clay minerals associations correlate with the change of the seawater chemical type. Clay minerals associations precipitated from the SO4-rich seawater are characterized by a larger set of minerals, among which smectite and mixed- layered minerals often occur; Mg-rich clay minerals (corensite, paligorskite, sepiolite, talc) also occur. Instead, in the associations of evaporite clay minerals formed from the Ca-rich seawater are represented by the smaller amount of minerals, and Mg-rich minerals are extremely rare. The increased content of magnesium in seawater of SO4-rich type is the main factor in the formation of Mg-rich silicates in evaporites.

The composition of clay minerals associations depends on the evaporate basin brine concentration; with its increase, unstable minerals are transformed, which theoretically leads to a decrease in the number of minerals in the associations. However, it was found that evaporite deposits of higher stages of brine concentration often still contain unstable clay minerals – products of incomplete transformation of a significant amount of pyroclastic material from coeval volcanic activity.

The main factor determining the composition of clay minerals associations of Phanerozoic evaporites was the seawater (and basin brines) chemical type.

Geochemical studies of scattered organic matter and fluid inclusions with hydrocarbon phase in evaporites of the Upper Pechora Basin (overlying oil and gas deposits) indicate the presence of allochthonous bitumoids and allow to use this method to predict oil and gas potential of other areas. Analysis of the results of oil and gas exploration in a number of areas of the Transcarpathian Trough indicates the presence of fluid-saturated reservoirs and the prospects for the discovery of new accumulations of hydrocarbons. Geochemical studies proved the effectiveness of gas-flow survey method for oil and gas exploration, assessing the prospects for fluid saturation of seismic structures.

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Keywords

fluid inclusions, halit, salt Basin, seawater.

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GEOCHEMISTRY Of FLUIDS: INNOVATIVE SOLUTION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEM

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (183–184) 2021 > 130–148

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (183–184) 2021, 130–148.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2021.01-02.130

Josyp SVOREN

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

First of all, has developed a reliable mass spectrometric method for studying fluid inclusions in minerals (on the basis of the author’s certificate of the USSR No. 454446 of 1974 for the invention of the “device for cleaning the content inclusions of solid materials”). Were created and published new scientific directions: 1. Thermobarometry and geochemistry of gases of veinlet-impregnated mineralization in sediments of oil and gas regions and metallogenic provinces. 2. Bowels of the Earth – natural physicochemical reactor. Was developed a “method (technology) for determining the prospects of oil and gas bearing of the local area” and “a method (technology) of local forecasting of enriched areas of gold-ore fields” (together with M. M. Davydenko). Was established unknown before, but objectively existing phenomenon of the material world: 1) “lack of molecular hydrogen in inclusions in minerals in the bowels of the planet Earth” (together with V. A. Kaliuzhny). Independently were established: 2) previously unknown “property of deep abiogenic methane-termobar high-temperature fluid decompose-convert natural organic residues into layers of coal with their simultaneous methane saturation and its conservation in the earth’s crust of the planet Earth”; 3) previously unknown natural “phenomenon of arbitrary formation of natural carbon methane in the coal layers of the earth’s crust of the planet Earth under the influence of abiogenic methane-containing high-temperature fluid with their conservation in them”; 4) previously unknown different chemical properties of carbon isotopes in natural processes of synthesis-formation of various carbon-containing compounds …; 5) “previously unknown pattern of natural processes of synthesis of perfect diamond crystals from astenospheric carbon dioxide ions…”. Was justified “a new way to determine the calorification of natural gas supplied to consumers and its cubic-metre barometry”.

Full Text

Keywords

geochemistry, fluid inclusions, veinlet-impregnated mineralization, deep abiogenic methane-bearing high-termobaric fluid, searches, new technologies, cubic-metre-barometry, scientific discovery.

Referenses

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Naumko, I. M. (2006). Fliuidnyi rezhym mineralohenezu porodno-rudnykh kompleksiv Ukrainy (za vkliuchenniamy u mineralakh typovykh parahenezysiv) [Extended abstract of Doctorʼs thesis]. Instytut heolohii i heokhimii horiuchykh kopalyn NAN Ukrainy. Lviv. [in Ukrainian]

Naumko, I. M., Bekesha, S. M., & Svoren, Y. M. (2008). Fliuidy hlybynnykh horyzontiv litosfery: zviazok z rodovyshchamy nafty i hazu u zemnii kori (za danymy vyvchennia vkliuchen u mineralakh hlybynnoho pokhodzhennia). Dopovidi Natsionalnoi akademii nauk Ukrainy, 8, 117–120. [in Ukrainian]

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Naumko, I., Kaliuzhnyi, V., Bratus, M., Zinchuk, I., Kovalyshyn, Z., Matviienko, O., Redko, L., & Svoren, Y. (2000). Uchennia pro mineralotvorni fliuidy: priorytetni zavdannia rozvytku na suchasnomu etapi. Mineralohichnyi zbirnyk, 50(2), 22–30. [in Ukrainian]

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Pavlyshyn, V. I., Bondarenko, S. M., Bryk, O. B., Vozniak, D. K., Yelchenko, K. O., Kalinichenko, A. M., Kvasnytsia, V. M., Kulchytska, H. O., Lupashko, T. M., Naumko, I. M., Semenenko, V. P., Taran, M. M., Tarashchan, A. M., Khomenko, V. M., & Chernysh, D. S. (2018). Mineralohiia u Natsionalnii akademii nauk Ukrainy (do 100-richchia NAN Ukrainy). Mineralohichnyi zhurnal, 40(3), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.40.03.003 [in Ukrainian]

Svoren’, I. M. (1974). Ustroistvo dlya ochistki soderzhimogo vklyuchenii tverdykh materialov (Avtorskoe svidetel’stvo SSSR № 454446). Byulleten’, 47. [in Russian]

Svoren’, I. M. (1984). Primesi gazov v kristallakh mineralov i drugikh tverdykh telakh, ikh sposoby izvlecheniya, sostav, forma nakhozhdeniya i vliyanie na svoistva veshchestv [Extended abstract of сandidateʼs thesis]. Institut geologii i geokhimii goryuchikh iskopaemykh AN USSR. L’vov. [in Russian]

Svoren, Y. M. (1992). Pytannia teorii henezysu pryrodnykh vuhlevodniv ta shliakhy poshuku yikh pokladiv. In Tektohenez i naftohazonosnist nadr Ukrainy: tezy dopovidei naukovoi narady (20–22 zhovtnia 1992 r.) (pp. 143–145). Lviv. [in Ukrainian]

Svoren, Y. M. (2008). Termobarometriia i heokhimiia haziv prozhylkovo-vkraplenoi mineralizatsii u vidkladakh naftohazonosnykh oblastei i metalohenichnykh provintsii: pryroda vuhilnoho metanu. Ugol’ Ukrainy, 8(620), 42–46. [in Ukrainian]

Svoren, Y. (2011a). Nadra Zemli – pryrodnyi fizyko-khimichnyi reaktor: izotopy vuhletsiu pro pokhodzhennia planety Zemlia. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1–2(154–155), 158–159. [in Ukrainian]

Svoren, Y. (2011b). Nadra Zemli – pryrodnyi fizyko-khimichnyi reaktor: pryroda zemletrusu. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1–2(154–155), 160–162. [in Ukrainian]

Svoren, Y. (2017a). Nadra Zemli – pryrodnyi fizyko-khimichnyi reaktor: pryrodnyi vuhlevodnevyi fenomen. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 1–2(170–171), 157–160. [in Ukrainian]

Svoren, Y. (2017b). Yavyshche utvorennia pryrodnykh vuhlemetaniv pid diieiu abiohennoho metanovmistnoho vysokotermobarnoho hlybynnoho fliuidu. In Heolohiia horiuchykh kopalyn: dosiahnennia ta perspektyvy: materialy II Mizhnarodnoi naukovoi konferentsii (Kyiv, 6–8 veresnia 2017 r.) (pp. 225–229). Kyiv. [in Ukrainian]

Svoren, Y. (2019a). Nadra Zemli – pryrodnyi fizyko-khimichnyi reaktor: poshuk pryrodnoho metanu – fundamentalna nauka chy tekhnichna problema? Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 4(181), 104–115. https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2019.04.104 [in Ukrainian]

Svoren, Y. (2019b). Pro novyi pidkhid do vyznachennia teplotvornosti pryrodnoho hazu, yakyi postachaiut spozhyvacham ta yoho kubometrobarometriiu. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 2(179), 84–89. https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2019.02.084 [in Ukrainian]

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Svoren, Y. (2020b). Pro znachennia kubometrobarometrii pryrodnoho hazu, yakyi postachaiut spozhyvacham. In Naftohazova haluz: Perspektyvy naroshchuvannia resursnoi bazy: materialy dopovidei Mizhnarodnoi naukovo-tekhnichnoi konferentsii (Ivano-Frankivsk, 08–09 hrudnia 2020 r.) (pp. 91–94). [in Ukrainian]

Svoren’, J. M. (2020c). Subsoil Natural Physico-Chemical Reactor: Regularity of Natural Processes of Synthesis of Perfect Diamond Crystals. Journal of Geological Resource and Engineering, 8, 133–136. https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2193/2020.04.005

Svoren’, J. M. (2020d). Various Chemical Properties of Carbon Isotopes in Natural Synthesis of Different Compounds. Journal of Geological Resource and Engineering, 8, 20–23. https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2193/2020.01.002

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CLAY MINERALS FROM ROCK SALT OF BAHADUR KHEL FORMATION, EOCENE, PAKISTAN

Home > Archive > No. 1 (182) 2020 > 87-100

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1 (182) 2020, 87-100.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2020.01.087

Yaroslava YAREMCHUK, Serhiy VOVNYUK

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, е-mail: slava.yaremchuk@gmail.com

Mohammad TARIQ

Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Quetta, Pakistan

Abstract

According to studies of the pelitic fraction of the water-insoluble residue of 10 samples of Eocene rock salt of the Bahadur Khel Formation (Pakistan), it was determined that the clay minerals association contains swelling chlorite, chlorite-smectite, illite and kaolinite; chlorite was identified in three samples. Non-clay minerals are represented by quartz, dolomite, less often – magnesite; one sample contains impurities of both carbonates. Swelling chlorite, chlorite and mixed-layer minerals are trioctahedral, and illite and kaolinite are dioctahedral. All identified clay minerals, with the exception of kaolinite, are authigenic.

The presence of swelling chlorite in Eocene rock salt is probably caused by changes in the concentration of brines in the basin against the background of complex geological processes of this era (climate change from thermal maximum to global cooling, changes in water circulation in oceans, changes in isotopic composition of carbonates).

The association of clay minerals of Eocene rock salt, taking into account the peculiarities of its composition and the presence of swelling chlorite in it, we attributed to that formed during the SO4-rich seawater chemical type. This is also confirmed by two finds of swelling chlorite in the Triassic evaporites (rock salt of the Western Moroccan Basin, Midland marl) described in the literature, which are known to have been deposited from SO4-rich seawater.

The presence of kaolinite in almost all samples is caused by its largest accumulation in sediments of this time period – terrigenous kaolinite came in large quantities from dry land and did not transform even at the stage halite precipitation.

Full Text

Keywords

clay minerals, swelling chlorite, rock salt, Eocene, Bahadur Khel Salt, Pakistan.

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GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF RIVER AND GROUND WATERS (OUTER ZONE OF THE PRECARPATHIAN DEEP)

Home > Archive > No. 1 (182) 2020 > 76-86

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1 (182) 2020, 76-86.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2020.01.076

Maria KOST’, Halyna MEDVID, Vasyl HARASYMCHUK,Olga TELEGUZ, Iryna SAKHNYUK, Orysia MAYKUT

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

Geochemical peculiarities of river and groundwaters of the Outer zone of the Precarpathian deep have been established. It is revealed that the main feature of the distribution of salt composition indicators in the Dniester River and its influxes is hydrochemical zonality, which does not depend on the flow direction of the rivers, but is consistent with the physics-geographical and geological features of the area to which the man-made factor is imposed.

There is an increase in concentrations of sulfate, calcium in the left bank confluent of the river Shchyrka. The waters from the Tysmenytsya, Kolodnitsa and Dniester rivers in the village Kolodrubi are characterized by the highest amounts of sodium and chlorides and are sodium chloride-hydrocarbonate composition. The water composition of the Dniester River (Rozvadiv village), its confluents Bystrytsia and Letnyanka are hydrocarbonate calcium (sodium-magnesium-calcium), Shchyrka, Vereshchitsa – sulfate-hydrocarbonate calcium (magnesium-calcium). The index of biochemical oxygen consumption for 5 days in the waters of Tysmenytsya River reached 4.5 mg O2/dm3, while in other rivers it was 0.70‒3.20 mg O2/dm3. The content of O2 soluble in the waters of the river Vereshchytsya was 0.29 mg/dm3, the value of biochemical oxygen consumption was 11.4 mg O2/dm3.

In the chemical composition of river waters, there is an increase in the concentrations of sodium, potassium and chloride ions from the left bank to the right bank confluents of the Dniester. In the left-bank confluents, in the chemical composition of water dominate the contents of calcium and hydrocarbons ions.

The heterogeneity of the lithological composition, the instability of the thickness of the aquifer both in the horizontal and vertical directions, and the different technogenic influence form the irregularity of pollution and its local distribution in groundwater.

Full Text

Keywords

river waters, groundwaters, geochemical features, geochemical zonality, Outer zone, Precarpathian deep.

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GEOCHEMISTRY AND THERMOBAROMOMETRY OF MINERAL-FORMING FLUIDS AND THERMOBAROGEOCHEMISTRY OF EVAPORITES – WORLD-FAMOUS SCIENTIFIC SCHOOLS

Home > Archive > No. 1 (182) 2020 > 62-75

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1 (182) 2020, 62-75.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2020.01.062

Ihor NAUMKO, Myroslav PAVLYUK, Andriy POBEREZHSKYY

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

Fundamental and applied achievements in the fields of geochemistry and thermobarometry of mineral-forming fluids and thermobarogeochemistry of evaporites are summarized as the basis of the corresponding world-famous scientific thermobarogeochemical schools established by professors V. A. Kalyuzhny and O. Yo. Petrychenko at the Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine on the basis of creative development of ideas of predecessors with the support of academicians Ye. K. Lazarenko, V. S. Sobolyev, H. N. Dolenko. Emphasis is placed on the contribution of schools to geological science, which is determined by the formed knowledge base on geochemical and thermobaric parameters of fluid environments of mineral-ore- naphthidogenesis in the Earth’s lithosphere (according to data of fluid inclusions research). In this context, in view of the enormous array of available data, the composition, physicochemical properties, genesis of fluids of the upper mantle and crust are briefly discussed and it is shown that the course of processes of petro-, mineral-, ore-, naphthidogenesis and formation fields of hydrocarbon, ore and non-ore minerals is determined by the peculiarities of degassing (defluidization) of the Earth and its influence on the conversion of carbon compounds during terrigenous, organogenic, hemogenic sedimentation and on the processes of diagenesis of sediments of various origins. The obtained data on the reproduction of the evolution of the fluid regime of rock complexes contribute to solving the fundamental problem of geochemistry of carbon and hydrogen (hydrocarbon-hydrogen matter) and deep (endogenous) fluid flows in the Earth’s lithosphere as an important basis for mineralofluidological model of the planet. They played a decisive role in substantiating at the Institute on the basis of abiogenic-biogenic dualism universal approaches to the processes of synthesis and genesis of natural hydrocarbons in the form of a new fundamental paradigm of oil and gas geology and geochemistry, the polygenesis of natural hydrocarbons in the Earth’s bowels, which increases the potential of oil and gas resources of promising regions, including Ukraine. This creates the preconditions for the identification of promising rock complexes for hydrocarbon, ore and non-ore minerals by applying the obtained fundamental thermobarogeochemical data in forecasting, exploration and operational practice on the basis of developing of new non-traditional geotechnologies for assessment and exploration of hydrocarbons and minerals.

Full Text

Keywords

fluid inclusions, geochemistry, thermobarometry, fluids, fluid media, mineral-ore-naphthidogenesis, Earth’s lithosphere.

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KEROGEN AMOUNT CALCULATION REQUIRED FOR THE FORMATION OF HYDROCARBON DEPOSITS IN THE WESTERN OIL AND GAS REGION OF UKRAINE

Home > Archive > No. 1 (182) 2020 > 52-61

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1 (182) 2020, 52-61.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2020.01.052

Yurii KHOKHA, Oleksandr LYUBCHAK, Myroslava YAKOVENKO, Dmytro BRYK

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv

Abstract

This paper considers the issue of determining the maximum hydrocarbons amount that can be generated by kerogen using thermodynamic methods. It is shown that the chemical composition of natural gas or gas condensate contains information about the generative capacity of kerogen from which it was formed. Based on experiments of type II and I kerogen pyrolysis and thermodynamic calculations by entropy maximization method, we propose a new method for determining the amount of kerogen from which gas was formed, which contains 1 dm3 of methane at a given ratio of butane isomers. The obtained data are interpreted as an indicator of kerogen maturity in the context of the depth of its destruction.

This method is applied to theWestern oil and gas region of Ukraine hydrocarbon deposits. The analysis of kerogen transformations in the region sedimentary strata, using criteria of the GASTAR diagram, is carried out. We assessed the trends of kerogen conversion in the region in the areas of “maturity” and “biodegradation” in the ratio of ethane/propane (C2/C3) to ethane/isobutane (C2/i-C4). It is shown that the majority of deposits in the Western oil and gas region developed in the direction of maturation and only a small group of gas deposits – biodegradation.

To establish the gases genesis in the region, we built a graph of the two geochemical indicators dependence – the methane/ethane ratio (C1/C2) and ethane/propane ratio (C2/C3). It is shown that some of the gas fields is formed due to the conversion of organic material of oil deposits. At the same time, gas condensate fields in the region, with few exceptions, are formed due to the primary destruction of kerogen.

Based on the results of the calculations, maps of the methane (generated by type II kerogen) amount distribution were constructed. It is established that kerogen, which was the source material for hydrocarbon deposits of Boryslav-Pokuts oil and gas region, has practically exhausted its gas generation potential. Instead, kerogen from gas and gas condensate fields in the Bilche-Volytska oil and gas district still retains the potential to generate hydrocarbons.

Full Text

Keywords

kerogen, butane isomers, thermodynamic modelling, gas-generating potential.

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COLLISION DEFORMATIONS OF THE DNIEPER-DONETS DEPRESSION Article 3. Geodynamic model of tectonic inversion

Home > Archive > No. 1 (182) 2020 > 40-51

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1 (182) 2020, 40-51.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2020.01.040

Оleksiy BARTASHCHUK

Ukrainian Research Institute of Natural Gases, Kharkiv, e-mail: alekseybart@gmail.соm

Abstract

The article concludes the trilogy on post-strip deformations of the Dnieper-Donets Basin. The results of tectonophysical analysis of collision deformations of the platform cover of the south-eastern part of the Dnieper-Donets Basin are summarized. Using the original method of reconstruction of stress and strain fields and tectonophysical analysis of geostructures, the system organization of inversion structural deformations of the Dnieper-Donets Basin and Donbass was studied.

The tectonic inversion of the Dnieper-Donets Basin began in the Late Hercynian epoch in the situation of a general-plate collision under the influence of the inversion rise of the Donbas. Structural and kinematic analysis of deformations shows that the folds in the depression and linear anti- and synforms of the Donets Foldbelt were formed by the natural mechanism of longitudinal bending as a result of collisional warping of horizons in the geodynamic mode of transformation. In the late Mesozoic–­­Cenozoic inversion continued in the field of right-hand horizontal-shear deformations with a variable compressive component. This mode caused the advancing and pushing of sedimentary geomass from the Donets Foldbelt to the Hercynian neo-autochthonous and syneclise autochthonous of the South-Eastern Dnieper-Donets Basin. Due to the influence of the tectonic stamp of the Donets Foldbelt, the West Donets wedge-shaped segment was formed – the orocline of geomass tectonic wedging. Geodynamic bands of injection and displacement of sedimentary geomass were formed in the front of the invasion and in the axial zone of the orocline, where the main folded zones were formed. In Forland, at the ends of the main thrusts – “tectonic rails” of the wedging, an advanced scaly compression fan was formed. In the hinterland of the orocline, folded suture zones are formed by the roots of the covers of thrusting.

The original geodynamic model of tectonic inversion provides for the destruction of the riftogenic structure in the Southeast of the Dnieper-Donets Basin by thrusting echelons of scaly covers and coulisses-articulated upliftt-folding. They compose a segment of the insertion of the geomasses of the Paleozoic cover into the territory of the West Donets Graben from the side of the Donets Foldbelt. The intrusion of the tectonic segment led to the formation of an inversion structure of a regional scale – the West Donets Cover-Folded Region.

Full Text

Keywords

geodynamic model, tectonic inversion, waves of longitudinal deformations, West-Donets Cover-Folded Region.

Referenses

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CRITICAL CONSIDERATION OF PROBLEMATIC QUESTIONS OF STRATIGRAPHY AND TECTONICS OF THE FOLDED CARPATHIANS AND ADJACENT TERRITORIES ON THE PATTERN OF STATE GEOLOGICAL MAP – 200

Home > Archive > No. 1 (182) 2020 > 5-39

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1 (182) 2020, 5-39.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2020.01.005

Volodymyr SHLAPINSKY, Myroslav PAVLYUK, Myroslav TERNAVSKY

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

The paper gives a critical appreciation of a number of principles containing in materials of the State geological map at a scale of 1 : 200 000 (Carpathian series of sheets) published in 2003–2009. Its scientific and practical value is recognized as a source of knowledge of the structure and natural resources of the Carpathians. At the same time, numerous inaccuracies are noted in the sphere of stratigraphy and tectonics, but revealed in the reviewed work. This was negatively depicted on the quality of geological and tectonical maps of the Folded Carpathians, presented in it, that in its turn may have an influence on the appreciation of the prospects of oil and gas presence in the region, may be not for the best. On the basis of the analysis of considerable amount of factual material, including that one received after the publication of State geological map – 200, the authors have corrected revealed defects. The attention was paid to the possibility to create the latest, more perfect map of the Outer Carpathians at a scale of 1 : 100 000. Its base version is already existent.

Full Text

Keywords

Folded, Outer Carpathians, stratigraphy and tectonics, legend of the State geological map – 200, tectonics regioning, nappes, subnappes.

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LITHOLOGICAL-GEOCHEMICAL TYPES OF DEPOSITS OF CRETACEOUS-PALEOGENE FLYSCH OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS AND CONDITIONS OF THEIR FORMAITION

Home > Archive > No. 4 (181) 2019 > 116-133

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 4 (181) 2019, 116-133.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2019.04.116

Ihor Popp, Petro Moroz, Mykhailo Shapovalov

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine,
e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

The results of lithological, mineralogical and geochemical investigation of Cretaceous-Paleogene flysch deposits of the Ukrainian Carpathians are cited here. There are three main lithological-geochemical types of these deposits which differ in the composition of rock-forming ingredients of biogenic origin (SiO2 biog, CaCO3, Corg): grey limestone-clayey-terrigenous (type-I), non-carbonate or low-carbonate-clayey-terrigenous (type-II), and black carbonate-silica-terrigenous-clayey (type-III). The deposits of the first type are attributed to alkaline-oxic (oxic-calcitic), the second – to acid and low-alcaline oxic (oxic with redeposited glauconite), the third – to reducing (siderite, dolomite or ferrodolomite and low-reducing calcitic) and strong by reducing (primary-sulfidic or hydrogen sulfidic) mineralogical-geochemical facies. The forming of the Barremian-Albian (Shypot suite; Spas suite) and Oligocene (Menilite suite; Dusynska suite) organic-rich sediments in the Ukrainian Carpathians we associate with the phase of oceanic anoxic events OAE-1 and OAE-4 in the Carpathian segment of the Tethys, where anoxic reducing environments favoured to fossilization of huge amount of the dispersed organic matter. The structural-fabric features and composition of separate lithological types of silicites and diagenetic concretions of the Lower Cretaceous and Oligocene of the Ukrainian Carpathians show that their sedimentogenesis and diagenesis took place in conditions of strong oxygen deficit. The studied siliceous rocks can be considered as indicators of the anoxic events in the Carpathian segment of Tethys ocean. It is shown, that alcaline-reducting environments which was the most favourable for the diagenetic transformation of sedimentary organic matter in to petroleum hydrocarbons, prevailed in the organic-rich deposits of Oligocene age.

Full Text

Keywords

sedimentogenesis, diagenesis, silica, carbonate, sulfides, organic matter, mineralogical-geochemical facies, Cretaceous-Paleocene flysch, Ukrainian Carpathians.

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