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PROSPECTS OF THE OIL AND GAS POTENTIAL OF THE NORTHERN YAVORIV AREA OF THE BILCHE-VOLYTSIA AREA OF THE FORECARPATHIAN (according to the results of comprehensive geophysical and geochemical research)

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (193–194) 2024 > 69–80

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (193–194) 2024, 69–80

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2024.193-194.069

Stepan DUCHUK1, Sofiia MAKSYMUK2, Anatoliy GALAMAY3


1 Western-Ukrainian Geophysical Exploration Expedition, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: zugre@lviv.farlep.netInstitute of 2, 3 Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: 2 danaarsen@ukr.net; 3 galamaytolik@ukr.net

Abstract

A complex of geophysical and geochemical studies was carried out in the Bilche-Volytsia zone on the Northern Yavoriv area with the aim of detailing the geological structure of Mesozoic and Neogene deposits in the context of identifying oil and gas promising traps of various types and preparing them for deep drilling.

To solve the problem, the following studies were applied: seismic surveying by the common depth point method, electrical surveying by the method of sounding the formation of the field in the near zone, geochemical surveying by the method of gas discharge surveying.

The main resulting material of the performed geophysical and geochemical studies on the Northern Yavoriv area is a structural-tectonic model, seismic and seismogeological sections, maps of longitudinal resistances and geoelectrical sections, maps of geochemical parameters, mapping maps by types of research.

As a result of conducting seismic, electrical, and geochemical studies, the geological structure of the Northern Yavoriv area was detailed. Structural plans by stratigraphic levels are presented: Pre-Neogene surface, Tyrassian of the Badenian age suite, the top of the Lower Dashava subsuite of Sarmatian age, the top of Upper Dashava subsuites of Sarmatian age.

The Pre-Neogene surface is represented by deposits of the Upper Cretaceous and the Upper and Middle Jurassic ages. Along this horizon, there is a dip from the northeast to the southwest. The structural-tectonic model is complicated by thrusts, longitudinal shifts, normal and strike-slip faults, which divide the research area into separate blocks.

According to the structural constructions on the roof of the Tyrassian suite, against the background of the general rise of the horizon to the northeast in this part, a structural nose can be observed, which has a southeast extension.

A syncline can be traced along the Horodok flexure in the southwest along the horizons of the Lower Dashava subsuite and the roof of the Upper Dashava subsuite, within which there is a general coincidence of the structural plans of the mentioned horizons.

The difference in structural plans is observed in the area where the horizons adjoin the plane of the Horodok flexure.

The Northern Yavoriv structure of the semi-anticlinal type is mapped on the reflection seismic horizon of the roof of the Upper Dashava subsuite (VD-10). The structural and tectonic model of this horizon of the Northern Yavoriv area borders the Svydnytsia gas field through a syncline bend. According to the completed structural constructions along this horizon, as well as a complex comparison of methods, this area may represent a certain interest in terms of gas. It is recommended to drill well No. 1 on the Northern Yavoriv structure in order to search for Upper Dashava deposits.

Full Text

Keywords

structure, geoelectric section, geochemical anomaly, hydrocarbons, geological exploration works, Northern Yavoriv area

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PROSPECTS FOR OIL AND GAS PRESENCE IN CARBONATE DEPOSITS OF SILURIAN AGE IN THE BEREZHANY-BUCHACH ZONE OF TECTONIC DISLOCATIONS OF VOLYN-PODILLIA AREA

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (193–194) 2024 > 50–68

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (193–194) 2024, 50–68

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2024.193-194.050

Svitlana HARASYM, Yaroslav LAZARUK

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

The Berezhany-Buchach zone of local uplifts belongs to the Podillia promising district, located in the southern part of the Volyn-Podillia oil and gas region. Most of the local structures of the district are genetically related to tectonic disturbances. The structuring factor of the Berezhany-Buchach zone of tectonic dislocations is a fault of subregional extension, probably of a reverse-thrust character. Organogenic structures of the Silurian age are spatially connected with it. According to the results of lithologic-facies studies, they were deposited in lagoon-shelf conditions in a narrow strip 15–40 km wide, which stretches from the border with Romania in the southeast to the border with Poland in the northwest. According to the predominance of the remains of organisms, coral, stromatopore, crinoid, ostracod, brachiopod and algal species are distinguished among carbonates. They are recrystallized as a result of epigenetic processes. The reservoir rocks are composed of silty-detrital limestones, dolomitized limestones, and dolomites. There are both porous and cavernous, as well as fissure-pore and fissure-cavern collectors. Primary porosity is caused by voids inside and between organisms, and secondary capacity is caused by recrystallization, dolomitization, leaching, cavernous and fissure formation. The open porosity of carbonates varies on average from 4 to 16 %, permeability – from 0.01 to 2 mD. In the southeastern direction, the collector properties of carbonates deteriorate. Industrial deposits of hydrocarbons in the Silurian carbonates of Volyn-Podillia have not been established, however, numerous oil and gas occurrences were recorded during drilling. Based on the materials of lithologic and facies studies, the results of studying the reservoir properties of reservoir rocks, seismological and magnetometric constructions, and data from surface geochemical studies, the probable Berezhany, Dobrovoda, and Buchach objects were identified, their resource base was estimated at 48.6 million tons of oil and 1.3 billion m3 of dissolved gas, and the tasks for 3D seismic exploration were substantiated for the purpose of preparing the mentioned objects for exploratory drilling for oil and gas.

Full Text

Keywords

oil, deposit, oil traps, carbonate reservoir, hydrocarbon reserves

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ON THE PERSPECTIVES OF OIL AND GAS BEARING OF THE PALEOCENE DEPOSITS OF THE BEREHOVA AND ORIV UNITS OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (193–194) 2024 > 32–49

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (193–194) 2024, 32–49

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2024.193-194.032

Halyna HAVRYSHKIV

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: galinah2404@gmail.com

Abstract

On the basis of the analysis of the occurrence of the main Paleocene lithological complexes of the Berehova and Oriv units of the Ukrainian Carpathians, four areas with different distribution of sandstones, siltstones and mudstones were distinguished. The selected areas are promising for the planning of oil and gas prospecting and for the increase of oil and gas reserves. Areas of distribution of lithologically sealed hydrocarbon traps are situated where sandstone formations occur. It is established that sandstones and siltstones of the Yamna suite are represented by both densely and poorly cemented varieties, which differ in cement composition, degree of cementation and porosity. The reservoir properties of the oil and gas bearing Paleocene sediments of the northwestern part of the study area were largely controlled by the factors that contributed to the preservation of high filtration and reservoir properties of the rocks at great depths – the thickness of the layers and the type of cementation of the clastic material. At the same time, the formation of the secondary pore space occurred due to the lithogenetic and tectonic fractures, as well as the decarbonization of sandstone and siltstone cement. The varying degrees of catagenetic changes in the rocks of the northwestern and southeastern parts of the study area indicate that tectonic processes had a significant impact on the lithogenesis of oil and gas bearing deposits and the formation of their reservoir properties.

It is revealed that the most prospective from the point of view of potential reservoir rocks occurrence in the sequence of the Yamna suite, which is represented mainly by sandstones, is the northwestern part of the study area, where the high reservoir properties of the oil- and gas-bearing Paleocene sediments are largely determined by the factors that facilitated their preservation in the rocks at great depths. These factors are the thickness of the layers and the type of cementation of the clastic material.

The complex of obtained results of investigations allowed allocation of the areas of potential reservoir rocks occurrence in the Paleocene sequence prospective for hydrocarbons accumulations.

Full Text

Keywords

Paleocene, Berehova and Oriv units, lithological complexes, petrographic composition of rocks, reservoir properties

Referenses

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Havryshkiv, H. Ya. (2019). Mineraloho-petrohrafichni osoblyvosti paleotsenovykh vidkladiv Berehovoi i Orivskoi skyb Ukrainskykh Karpat v aspekti yikh naftohazonosnosti [Extended abstract of Candidateʼs thesis, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of NAS of Ukraine]. Lviv. [in Ukrainian]

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DISTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL COMPOSITION OF THE DEVONIAN ORGANIC-RICH ROCKS OF THE VOLYN-PODILLIA PLATE

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (193–194) 2024 > 22–31

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (193–194) 2024, 22–31

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2024.193-194.022

Natalia RADKOVETS1, Yuriy KOLTUN1, Andrii LOKTIEV2

1 Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: radkov_n@ukr.net
2 LLC “Institute of Geology R and D”, Kyiv, Ukraine

Abstract

The Volyn-Podillia plate is one of the main oil and gas-bearing regions of Ukraine. Despite numerous geological and geophysical studies of these territories, they still remain underexplored, and their oil and gas potential is underestimated. To date, two gas fields, Lokachynske and Velykomostivske, have been discovered within the boundaries of the Volyn-Podillia plate in the Middle Devonian sequence. Despite the established commercial gas bearing, the Devonian strata within the Volyn-Podillia plate are currently not sufficiently studied from the point of view of the occurrence of the organic-rich rocks in the section, which could generate hydrocarbons.

A significant amount of collected core material and geological-geophysical data from numerous wells within the research area made it possible to study the features of distribution and conduct a mineralogical-petrographic and geochemical study of Lower, Middle and Upper Devonian organic-rich rocks.

In the sediments of the Lochkovian stage of the Lower, Eifelian and Givetian stages of the Middle and Frasnian stage of the Upper Devonian, the organic-rich rocks have been established. They are represented by terrigenous, clayey and carbonate strata.

In the section of the Lower Devonian, they are represented by clay-carbonate and carbonate rocks within the Lochkovian stage. The organic carbon content in these rocks reaches 0.45 %. In the Middle Devonian, organic-rich rocks occur in sections of both the Eifelian and Givetian stages, being represented by terrigenous, clayey, and carbonate rocks. The organic carbon content in the rocks of the Eifelian stage reaches 0.65 %, and in the rocks of the Givetian stage – 2.34 %. In the sections of the Frasnian stage of the Upper Devonian, organic-rich rocks are represented by terrigenous, clayey and carbonate layers with organic carbon content of up to 1.43 %.

Given the occurrence of organic-rich rocks in the sections of the Lower (Lochkovian stage), Middle (Eifelian, Givetian stages) and Upper Devonian (Frasnian stage), these deposits can be considered as potentially oil and gas generating, which could have been a component of the Paleozoic petroleum system of the Volyn-Podillia plate.

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Keywords

Volyn-Podillia plate, Devonian, organic-rich rocks, mineralogical and petrographic composition of rocks, organic carbon content in rocks

Referenses

Chebanenko, I. I., Vishnyakov, I. B., Vlasov, B. I., & Volovnik, B. Ya. (1990). Geotektonika Volyno-Podolii. Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]

Kotarba, M. J., Więcław, D., Kosakowski, P., Wróbel, M., Matyszkiewicz, J., Buła, Z., Krajewski, M., Koltun, Y. V., & Tarkowski, J. (2011). Petroleum systems in the Palaeozoic-Mesozoic Basement of the Polish and Ukrainian parts of the Carpathian Foredeep. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 81(3), 487–522. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260564752

Krupskyi, Yu. Z., Kurovets, I. M., Senkovskyi, Yu. M., Mykhailov, V. A., Kurovets, S. S., & Bodlak, V. P. (2014). Netradytsiini dzherela vuhlevodniv Ukrainy: Vol. 2. Zakhidnyi naftohazonosnyi rehion. Kyiv: Nika-Tsentr. [in Ukrainian]

Pomyanovskaya, G. M. (1974). Stratigrafiya devona Volyno-Podolskoy okrainy Vostochno-Evropeyskoy platformy. In Stratigrafiya USSR: Devon (pp. 7–14, 36–83). Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]

Radkovets, N. (2016). Lower Devonian lithofacies and palaeoenvironments in the southwestern margin of the East European Platform (Ukraine, Moldova and Romania). Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 65(4), 207–220. https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2016.18

Radkovets, N., & Koltun, Y. (2022). Dynamics of sedimentation within the southwestern slope of the East European platform in the Silurian-Early Devonian. Geodynamics, 1(32), 36–48. https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2022.02.036

Radkovets, N., Kotarba, M., & Wójcik, K. (2017). Source rock geochemistry, petrography of reservoir horizons and origin of natural gas in the Devonian of the Lublin and Lviv basins (SE Poland and western Ukraine). Geological Quarterly, 61(3), 569–589. https://doi.org/10.7306/gq.1361

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REINTERPRETATION OF GEOLOGICAL DATA AS TO THE TECTONICS OF SEPARATE COVERS AND SUBCOVERS OF THE OUTER CARPATHIANS (in the context of prospects for oil and gas presence)

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (193–194) 2024 > 5–21

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (193–194) 2024, 5–21

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2024.193-194.005

Volodymyr SHLAPINSKY, Myroslav PAVLYUK, Olesya SAVCHAK, Myroslav TERNAVSKY

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

In spite of a number of preliminary investigations, the Ukrainian portion of the Outer Carpathians continues to be the object for scientific discussions of the modern geologists. Studied area is located in the Rakhiv district of the Transcarpathian Region in the upper stream of the right tributaries of the Tysa River: Mala Shopurka, Middle River and Kosiv. The following covers and subcovers of the Outer Carpathians participate in the geological feature (from souht-west to north-east): Burkut, Duklya, Duklya-Chornohora (Hoverla-Krasnoshora subcover) and Krosno (Bitlya-Svydovets subcover). This area was the study subject for geologists from different organizations. Its geological feature is restorated at modern maps of the Ukrainian Carpathians published relatively not long ago. One of them is geological map at a scale of 1 : 200,000 published at the Polish Geological Institute, Warsaw, in 2 stages in 2004 and 2007. The second group of maps at a scale of 1 : 200,000 of the Carpathian series was published under the aegis of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of Ukraine. It was fulfilled by the workers of NAC “Nadra Ukrainy” of the SE “Zakhidukrgeologia” of the Lviv and Transcarpathian Geological Research Expedition.

The object of our studying is located on the Nadvirna sheet of map, prepared for publication by the group of geologists under the leadership of B. V. Matskiv (2009). Both published maps contain insufficient information on the geological feature of the given plot of the Carpathians. Thus, the necessity has arisen to present the variant of geological map at a scale of 1 : 50,000 of our development. Such geological map was compiled mainly with usage of materials of geological surveying at a scale of 1 : 50,000 executed in 1981–1985 under the leadership of V. O. Vashchenko. Materials of over 1,000 exposures were analyzed. This has enabled us to reconstruct the geological feature of this region more precisely. Covering tectonics of the given area that was represented at the maps of precursors too, was verified and supplemented with the existence of a number of arterial fractures of strike-slip type, the existence of olistostrom horizons in the Upper Cretaceous deposits of the Hoverla-Krasnoshora subcover and Lower Cretaceous Burkut subcover.

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Keywords

covers, subcovers, fractures, flysch, tectonic remnants, olistostrom, diabases

Referenses

Dabagyan, N. V., Lozynyak, P. Yu., Tsarnenko, P. N., & Shlapinskiy, V. E. (1987). Stratigrafiya, foraminifery i radiolyarii melovykh otlozheniy Chernogorskoy zony Sovetskikh Karpat. Doklady AN USSR, seriya B, 6, 77. [in Russian]

Danysh, V., Hnylko, O., Pavlyuk, M., Tsarnenko, P., Jankowski, L., Kopciowski, R., Ryłko, W., Anastasiu, N., Dragan, E., Popa, M., & Roban, R. (2007). Geological Map of the Outer Carpathians: Borderland of Ukraine and Romania. 1 : 200 000 (L. Jankowski, R. Kopciowski & W. Ryłko, Eds.). Warsaw: Polish Geological Institute.

Gabinet, M. P., Kulchitskiy, Ya. O., & Matkovskiy, O. I. (1976). Geologiya i poleznyye iskopayemyye Ukrainskikh Karpat (Part 1). Lvov. [in Russian]

Glushko, V. V., & Kruglov, S. S. (Eds.). (1971). Geologicheskoye stroyeniye i goryuchiye iskopayemyye Sovetskikh Karpat: Trudy UkrNIGRI, 25. [in Russian]

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Kuzovenko, V., & Shlapinskyi, V. (2007). Do pryrody y umov rozmishchennia “skel” neokomskykh diiabaziv u Burkutskomu pokrovi Ukrainskykh Karpat. Pratsi Naukovoho tovarystva imeni T. Shevchenka. Heolohichnyi zbirnyk, 19, 40–49. [in Ukrainian]

Matskiv, B. V., Pukach, B. D., Vorobkanych, V. M., Pastukhanov, S. V., & Hnylko, O. M. (2009). Derzhavna heolohichna karta Ukrainy. Masshtab 1 : 200 000. Karpatska seriia. Arkushi: M-34-XXXVI (Khust), L-34-VI (Baia-Mare), M-35-XXXI (Nadvirna), L-35-I (Visheu-De-Sus). Kyiv. [in Ukrainian]

Tsarnenko, P. N. (1969). Do stratyhrafii kreidianykh vidkladiv Chornohorskoi zony v raioni s. Yasinia. Dopovidi AN URSR. Seriia B. Heolohiia, heohrafiia, khimiia. [in Ukrainian]

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Tsarnenko, P. N. (1989). O nakhodkakh novykh tektonicheskikh ostantsov v Ukrainskikh Karpatakh. In XIV kongress KBGA (pp. 458–461). Sofiya. [in Russian]

Shlapinskyi, V. Ye. (2009). Mikrofauna v olistostromovykh utvorenniakh verkhnoi kreidy Hoverlianskoho subpokrovu v raioni Yasini. In P. F. Hozhyk (Ed.), Vykopna fauna i flora Ukrainy: paleoekolohichnyi ta stratyhrafichnyi aspekty: zbirnyk naukovykh prats Instytutu heolohichnykh nauk NAN Ukrainy (pp. 179–183). Kyiv. [in Ukrainian]

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Shlapinskyi, V. E. (2018). Pokuttia deep fault and its influence on tectonics and the oil- and gas-bearing of the south-eastern segment of the Carpathians. Geodynamics, 2(25), 53–69.

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Vashchenko, V. A. (1985). Otchet po gruppovoy geologicheskoy syemke massshtaba 1 : 50 000 teritorii Ivano-Frankovskoy i Zakarpatskoy oblastey USSR za 1981–1985 gg. (Vol. 1) [Research report]. Kiev: Fondy DP “Zakhidukrheolohiia”. [in Russian]

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Vyalov, O. S., Gavura, S. P., Danysh, V. V., Lemishko, O. D., Leshchukh, R. I., Ponomareva, L. D., Romaniv, A. M., Smirnov, S. E., Smolinskaya, N. I., & Tsarnenko, P. N. (1988). Stratotipy melovykh i paleogenovykh otlozheniy Ukrainskikh Karpat. Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]

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ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF NATURAL CARBONATES IN THE PROCESSES OF SYNTHESIS AND GENESIS OF HYDROCARBONS IN THE EARTH’S LITHOSPHERE

Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (191–192) 2023 > 135–142

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (191–192) 2023, 135–142

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2023.191-192.135

Josyp SVOREN’

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

The fundamental importance of studies of the processes of synthesis and genesis of hydrocarbons in the Earth’s lithosphere has been confirmed and the prospects of the chosen direction for advanced research have been demonstrated, as well as for the thorough development of genetic principles of physical and chemical conditions of the formation of hydrocarbons deposits in various geological minds, focusing on the role of natural carbonate formation in this process. It is shown in this connection that one of the most striking natural phenomena of the Earth’s lithosphere is the obvious manifestations of veinlet-impregnated carbonate mineralization. This has been discussed in detail in the case of some areas of the Ukrainian Carpathians and Pre-Сarpathians, where the original carbonate veinlets of hydrothermal origin with traces of hydrocarbons migration are often happened, but industrial research works is rarely carried out because of their low (as expected) prospects for gas and oil deposits. We pay attention to the areas of development of the calcite veinlets with rare, perfectly faceted crystals of quartz – “Marmarosh diamonds” among the Cretaceous and Paleogene deposits of the South-Western slope of the Carpathians.

As a result, supporting materials on the importance of natural carbonates in the processes of synthesis and genesis of hydrocarbons in the Earth’s lithosphere are given. It consists in the revealed previously unknown property of natural carbonates, mainly calcium carbonate, under the action of abiogenic high-thermobaric deep fluid to decompose and be an additional source of carbon with different isotopic compositions in the processes of synthesis and genesis of hydrocarbons: gas, oil, bitumen as well as a carrier of these compounds in time of their migration and conservation in new creations in the deposits of oil and gas-bearing areas and metallogenic provinces: deposits-fields, veins, fluid inclusions, veinlet-impregnated mineralization.

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Keywords

fluid inclusions, carbonates, veins, hydrocarbons, deposits, gas and oil, mass spectrometric studies, supposed scientific discovery

Referenses

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Naumko I., Bratus M., Dudok I., Kaliuzhnyi V., Kovalyshyn Z., Sakhno B., Svoren Y., & Telepko L. (2004). Fliuidnyi rezhym katahenno-hidrotermalnoho protsesu periodu formuvannia zhylnoi, prozhylkovoi i prozhylkovo-vkraplenoi mineralizatsii v osadovykh tovshchakh. In V. V. Kolodii (Ed.), Karpatska naftohazonosna provintsiia (pp. 308–345). Lviv; Kyiv: Ukrainskyi vydavnychyi tsentr. [in Ukrainian]

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Svoren, I. M. (1984). Primesi gazov v kristallakh mineralov i drugikh tverdykh telakh, ikh sposoby izvlecheniya, sostav, forma nakhozhdeniya i vliyaniye na svoystva veshchestv [Extended abstract of Candidateʼs thesis. Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine]. Lvov. [in Russian]

Svoren, I. M. (1988). Formy nakhozhdeniya vodoroda v nekotorykh tverdykh materialakh razlichnogo proiskhozhdeniya soglasno fiziko-khimicheskoy modeli navodorozhivaniya tverdykh tel. In Geokhimiya i termobarometriya endogennykh flyuidov (pp. 95–103). Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]

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THE INFLUENCE OF MARINE AND CONTINENTAL WATERS ON THE CLAY MINERALS TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES OF EVAPORITE DEPOSITS (on the example of the Kalush-Holin’ deposit, Carpathian Foredeep)

Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (191–192) 2023 > 122–134

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (191–192) 2023, 122–134

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2023.191-192.122

Sofiya HRYNIV, Yaroslava YAREMCHUK, Natalia RADKOVETS

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: sophia_hryniv@ukr.net

Abstract

The influence of the chemical composition of marine and continental waters on the formation and transformation of clay minerals is considered on the example of evaporites of the Kalush-Holin’ potash deposit of the Carpathian Foredeep. Clay minerals under variable physical and chemical conditions become unstable and transformed, adapting to new conditions. The main factor that causes changes in their composition and structure is the concentration of brines.

The increased concentration of brines at the stage of deposition of potassium salts contributed to the aggradational transformation of clay minerals, the transformation of labile minerals into illite and chlorite that are stable in the hipersaline environment. These two minerals – illite and chlorite are characteristic of the Kalush-Holin’ potash deposit. Further arrangement of the structure leads to the transformation of part of the illite into mica. On the clay fraction diffractograms of some potash rocks, the basal reflex 001 is wide and bifurcated at the top on a line with interplanar distances of 0.99 and 1.0 nm, this indicates the presence of structurally similar minerals – mica and illite.

Under conditions of hypergenesis, when evaporite deposits are washed away by fresh surface waters, a reverse process (degradational transformation) takes place, which occurs in the leaching of potassium from the interlayer space of a part of illite and the formation of labile clay structures. The clay mineral association of the gypsum-clay caprock of evaporite deposits, in addition to illite and chlorite, also contains mixed-layer illite-smectite and kaolinite – the appearance of these clay minerals in hypergenic deposits is the result of degradational transformation (illite-smectite) and formation de novo (kaolinite) under conditions of decreased saline brine concentration.

Capture of potassium by the structure of the mixed-layer illite-smectite and its transition into illite (aggradational transformation) occurs more easily than the reverse process – potassium leaching and transformation of illite into a mixed-layer illite-smectite (degradational transformation).

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Keywords

clay minerals, aggradational and degradational transformation, evaporite deposits, hypergenesis zone, gypsum-clay caprock

Referenses

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LITHOGENESIS OF UPPER JURASSIC DEPOSITS OF OUTER ZONE OF THE CARPATHIAN FOREDEEP

Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (191–192) 2023 > 105–121

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (191–192) 2023, 105–121

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2023.191-192.105

Marta MOROZ

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: martamgv69@gmail.com

Abstract

Geological- and biological-paleogeographical conditions of sedimentogenesis within the Carpathian segment of Tethys ocean during Tithonian were considered. The rock-forming organisms with calcic function (flora and fauna), which compose main lithological types of carbonate rocks were identified.

On the base of biological-paleoceanographical and lithological investigation of different genetic types of Upper Jurassic carbonate rocks of the Outer zone of the Carpathian Foredeep and analysis of literature data on modern carbonate sediments, the structural classification of Late Jurassis epipelagic sediments of the Carpathian segment of the Meso-Tethys was made. In that classification pelitic, aleuritic, psammitic and ruditic fractions of sediments were distingnished.

Geological-paleogeographical model of occurrence of the Tithonian sediments within the Carpathian segment of the Meso-Tethys (the Outer zone of the Carpathian Foredeep) was built by the author. That model presents areals of biogenic and abiogenic epipelagic sediments and depicts their facial variations.

Geological-paleogeographical study of Upper Jurassic sediment complexes of epipelagic part of the Meso-Tethys has shown that they were formed within widespread interior shelf, probably, with small inclination of the sea bottom. In Upper Jurassic there was abundant growth of the benthos with calcic function and avalanchecal sedimentation of their skeletal remains took place with forming of biogenic carbonate sediments. The coral-algae biocoenosis there were biological indicators of considered parts of Tethys region. In modern basins of the World ocean analogous processes take place at the depths of about 50 m, in temperature conditions about 23–25 °C and the salinity of the sea waters about 2.7–3.8 ‰.

The manifestations of diagenetic and katagenetic processes in the Upper Jurassic carbonate rocks of Outer zone of the Carpathian Foredeep have been investigated and their influence of the formation of the reservoir properties of rocks has been found out.

During the diagenesis, the rocks were recrystallized, micritizated and cemented. From the mineralogical point of view, the changes consisted in the transformation of primary aragonite and magnesium-calcite skeletal remains of organisms into calcite, as well as processes of dolomitization, ferruginization and silicification. At the stage of diagenesis, Fe-containing minerals ̶ glauconite and pyrite ̶ has been formed. The dolomitization of Jurassic organogenic limestones of Outer zone of the Carpathian Foredeep has been caused by the mixing of the fresh meteoric waters with buried marine pore waters in the underground phreatic zone adjacent to the ancient coastline. Silicification is a consequence of the metasomatic substitution of the carbonate substance by silicate, which has been caused by decrease of the pH occurred after dolomitization.

Katagenetic transformation of the rocks are manifested in the dissolution of the remains of organisms, grains of carbonate cement and the late cementation of pores and microfractures. Changes of carbonate rocks are associated with the bringing of certain substances in the sediment (sulphatization, celestinization) or their removal (dedolomitization, decementation). Neoplasm minerals of the katagenesis stages are represented by anhydrite and celestine.

The proceses of recrystallization of carbonate rocks at different stages of katagenesis contributed to the selective leaching of limestones and dolomites and led to formation of secondary cavities and caverns, different in shape and size. The predominance of cavities of certain types determines the type of reservoir, among which are distinguished pores, pore-caverns and joint caverns. The processes of diagenesis and katagenesis are associated with the dissolution of carbonate material, which differently affects the reservoir properties of sediments. Authigenous mineral formation, with the exception of dolomitization, impairs the reservoir properties of the Upper Jurassic carbonate rocks, and recrystallization improves.

Burial of carbonate rocks at depth contributes to the preservation and even improvement of their reservoir properties both due to dissolution and textural heterogeneity (jointing develops at the boundary of the elements of textural heterogeneity). Observations show that the most favourable in this respect are organogenic and detrital varieties of carbonate rocks. The presence of clay minerals in the composition of their cement increases the textural heterogeneity and, as a consequence, the ability to formation of joints.

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Keywords

carbonate rocks, sedimentogenesis, diagenesis, katagenesis, reservoir properties, Upper Jurassic, Carpathian Foredeep

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EVOLUTION OF CONDITIONS OF SEDIMENTOGENESIS IN THE CARPATHIAN FLYSCH BASIN IN THE CRETACEOUS-PALEOGENE

Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (191–192) 2023 > 86–104

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (191–192) 2023, 86–104

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2023.191-192.086

Ihor POPP, Halyna HAVRYSHKIV, Yulia HAIEVSKA, Petro MOROZ, Mykhailo SHAPOVALOV

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, е-mail: itpopp @ukr.net

Abstract

The aim of this work is to show the evolution of geological-paleoceanographic and geochemical conditions of sedimentation in the segment of Carpathians of the Tethys Ocean. And also, selection of the basic stages of sedimentogenesis, to which the formation of oil and gas parent and oil- and gas-bearing deposits is timed.

In the article, the authors showed the lithologic-genetic classification of the Cretaceous-Paleogene flysch of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Authors distinguished the lithologic-geochemical types of sedimentation son the basis of geochemical terms of sedimentation, and also lithologic-facies types of sedimentation on the basis of features of terrigenous sedimentation.

Four stages of sedimentogenesis in the history of geological and paleoceanographic development of the Carpathian sedimentary basinare described in the article: Early Cretaceous (stage I), Late Cretaceous (stage II), Paleocene-Eocene (stage III), Oligocene-Early Miocene (stage IV), each of which has specific geochemical conditions of sedimentogenesis and diagenesis.

It is shown that forming of Cretaceous-Paleogene flysch deposits of Ukrainian Carpathians took place under action of very changeable geological-paleoceanographic and geochemical factors the joint action of that stipulated oil and gas capacity of this sedimentary complex. The thick series of psamitolites were formed in periods of avalanche terrigenous sedimentation, that are the reservoirs of hydrocarbons. Formation of bituminous parent-rocks-of-oil siliceous-clayed sedimentation is related to deceleration of processes of terrigenous sedimentation and phases of ocean anoxic events of ОАЕ-1 (Barremian–Albian) and ОАЕ-4 (Oligocene).

Full Text

Keywords

Carpathian flysch basin, sedimentogenesis, flysch, geological-paleoceanographic and geochemical conditions, oil and gas potential

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HETEROGENEITY OF LITHOGENESIS OF THE SILURIAN SEDIMENTS OF VOLYNO-PODILLYA

Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (191–192) 2023 > 74–85

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (191–192) 2023, 74–85

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2023.191-192.074

Volodymyr HNIDETS1, Kostjantin HRIGORCHUK2, Lina BALANDIUK

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: 1vgnidets53@gmail.com; 2kosagri@ukr.net

Abstract

The paper examines the features of the lithological-lithmological structure and the regime of catagenesis of the Silurian sediments of the Lishchynska and Rava-Ruska sections of Volyno-Podillya. It is shown that in the direction from the southwest to the northeast, the role of carbonate rocks in the composition of the stratum increases, which is connected with the established facies zonation. However, the structure of the section in these areas is different: in Rava-Ruska, it is more thinly layered. The sediments are also characterized by the spatial and age heterogeneity of the distribution of carbonate lithmites: in the first case, they tend to the boundary of the Upper and Lower and the middle of the Upper Silurian, and in the second case, they are developed in the tops of the Lower, in the lower, middle, and upper parts of the Upper Silurian. Attention is drawn to the significant role of clay and the absence of marl formations in the deposits of the Rava-Ruska-1 well, which testifies to the heterogeneity of sedimentation conditions in the mesopelagial of the Silurian basin. The cyclic nature of Silurian sedimentation is established. At the same time, four regressive episodes are recorded in the Lishchynska area, and five in Rava-Ruska, which may indicate a certain specificity of sedimentation conditions in different parts of the basin. The latter directly affects the peculiarity of the spatial-age distribution of reservoir rocks and aquifers. It is shown that the post-sedimentation transformations are mainly related to the development of authigenic silica and calcite, which is found in both clayey and carbonate rocks. A significant difference in the history of the formation of the oil and gas systems of the Lishchynska and Rava-Ruska areas has been established, which allows us to assess their prospects differently. Thus, in the first case, the generation potential of organic matter of Silurian sediments was largely exhausted by the end of the Mesozoic. In the second, large-scale processes of generation and migration of hydrocarbon fluids began only in Paleogene-Neogene time.

Full Text

Keywords

Volynо-Podillya, Silurian sediments, lithological structure, cyclicity, catagenesis

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