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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE PRECURSOR COMPOUNDS AND MECHANISMS OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES FORMATION AT THE POST-SEDIMENTATION STAGE OF THE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS EVOLUTION

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (189–190) 2023 > 41–53

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (189–190) 2023, 41–53

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2023.189-190.041

Yurii KHOKHA, Myroslava YAKOVENKO, Oksana SENIV

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: khoha_yury@ukr.net; myroslavakoshil@ukr.net

Abstract

The publication is a review that presents in a concise form information about the chemical composition of living matter components and the mechanisms of their transformations, the result of which is the geopolymers formation. Among geopolymers, humic substances, including humic and fulvic acids, attract our attention. The relevance of this review lies in the importance of understanding multidirectional reactions, the result of which is the secondary polymerization of organic matter chemically active components that have passed the biodegradation barrier at the stage of sedimentation and diagenetic transformations. Humic substances, in their turn, are precursors of kerogen, therefore, an understanding of reaction mechanisms and their products provides complete information about the conditions of various types of kerogen formation, which are characterized by different ability to produce oil and gas. We paid special attention to polyphenols, which have high chemical activity and the ability to react with increasing molecular weight. In addition to the traditional Maillard reaction, among the condensation mechanisms we considered oxidative crosslinking of phenols, oxidative condensation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and esterification of fatty acids with phenols. For each mechanism, the conditions for its implementation and probable contribution to the formation of humic substances are briefly considered. Analysis of probable mechanisms of formation of humic substances showed that condensation reactions can occur under geochemical conditions of sedimentation and early diagenesis. At the same time, their speeds are low, and the precursors necessary for the reactions, formed as a result of biological degradation, are contained in very small concentrations. We conclude that kerogen contains two components – primary, which enters its structure without any significant changes, and secondary, which is the result of a series of complex multidirectional reactions.

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Keywords

organic geochemistry, polycondensation, humic substances, depolymerization, kerogen evolution

Referenses

Chen, Z., Wu, J., Ma, Y., Wang, P., Gu, Z., & Yang, R. (2018). Biosynthesis, metabolic regulation and bioactivity of phenolic acids in plant food materials. Shipin Kexue/Food Science, 39(7), 321–328.

Durand, B. (1980). Sedimentary organic matter and kerogen. Definition and quantitative importance of kerogen. In B. Durand (Ed.), Kerogen, Insoluble Organic Matter from Sedimentary Rocks (pp. 13–34). Paris: Editions Technip.

Harvey, G. R., & Boran, D. A. (1985). Geochemistry of humic substances in seawater. In D. M. McKnight, G. R. Aiken, R. L. Wershaw, P. MacCarthy (Eds.), Humic Substances in Soil, Sediment and Water: Geochemistry, Isolation and Characterization (pp. 233–247). New York, Chichester: Wiley & Sons.

Harvey, G. R., Boran, D. A., Chesal, L. A., & Tokar, J. M. (1983). The structure of marine fulvic and humic acids. Marine Chemistry, 12(2–3), 119–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(83)90075-0

Hatcher, P. G., Breger, I. A., Maciel, G. E., Szeverenyi, N. M. (1985). Geochemistry of humin. In D. M. McKnight, G. R. Aiken, R. L. Wershaw, P. MacCarthy (Eds.), Humic Substances in Soil, Sediment and Water: Geochemistry, Isolation and Characterization (pp. 275–302). New York, Chichester: Wiley & Sons.

Huc, A. Y., & Durand, B. M. (1977). Occurrence and significance of humic acids in ancient sediments. Fuel, 56(1), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(77)90046-1

Jokic, A., Wang, M. C., Liu, C., Frenkel, A. I., & Huang, P. M. (2004). Integration of the polyphenol and Maillard reactions into a unified abiotic pathway for humification in nature: the role of δ-MnO2. Organic Geochemistry, 35(6), 747–762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2004.01.021

Khant, D. (1982). Geokhimiya i geologiya nefti i gaza. Moskva: Mir. [in Russian]

Kononova, M. M. (1963). Organicheskoye veshchestvo pochvy, ego priroda, svoystva i metody izucheniya. Moskva: Izdatelstvo AN SSSR. [in Russian]

Kontorovich, A. E. (2004). Ocherki teorii naftidogeneza. Novosibirsk: IGiG SO AN SSSR. [in Russian]

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Maillard, L.C. (1912). Action des acides aminés sur les sucres: formation des mélanoïdines par voie méthodique. Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, 154, 66–68.

Martin, J. P., & Haider, K. (1971). Microbial activity in relation to soil humus formation. Soil Science, 111(1), 54–63. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-197101000-00007

Romankevich, E. A. (1977). Geokhimiya organicheskogo veshchestva v okeane. Moskva: Nauka. [in Russian]

Schnitzer, M. (1978). Humic substances: chemistry and reactions. In M. Schnitzer & S. U. Khan (Eds.), Developments in Soil Science: Vol. 8. Soil Organic Matter (pp. 1–64). Amsterdam: Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(08)70016-3

Stevenson, F. J. (1994). Humus chemistry: genesis, composition, reactions. John Wiley & Sons.

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Vandenbroucke, M. (2003). Kerogen: from types to models of chemical structure. Oil & gas science and technology, 58(2), 243–269. https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst:2003016

Vandenbroucke, M., & Largeau, C. (2007). Kerogen origin, evolution and structure. Organic Geochemistry, 38(5), 719–833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.01.001

Vandenbroucke, M., Pelet, R., & Debyser, Y. (1985). Geochemistry of humic substances in marine sediments. In D. M. McKnight, G. R. Aiken, R. L. Wershaw, P. MacCarthy (Eds.), Humic Substances in Soil, Sediment and Water: Geochemistry, Isolation and Characterization (pp. 249–273). New York, Chichester: Wiley & Sons.

Vassoyevich, N. B. (1986). Izbrannyye trudy: Geokhimiya organicheskogo veshchestva i proiskhozhdeniye nefti. Moskva: Nauka. [in Russian]

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STUDY OF LOW-AMPLITUDE TECTONICS OF COAL FIELDS BY GEOPHYSICAL METHODS

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (189–190) 2023 > 26–40

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (189–190) 2023, 26–40

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2023.189-190.026

Ihor KUROVETS, Ihor HRYTSYK, Oleksandr PRYKHODKO, Pavlo CHEPUSENKO, Stepan MYKHALCHUK, Svitlana MELNYCHUK, Roman-Danylo KUCHER

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

An analysis was made as to the usage of geological-geophysical methods for studying of low-amplitude tectonic dislocations in coal-enclosing massifs. As a result of geophysical researches conducted at coal fields, mine fields and mine workings of the Lviv-Volyn Coal Basin, the methods of field observations by means of natural electromagnetic and electric fields were worked and their results were processed for prediction and diagnostics of tectonic dislocations with a break of continuity and zones of unstressed state. To raise the efficiency of the methods of electromagnetic fields it is recommended to carry out measurements at wide frequency range (from 5 to 50 hz) with orientation of the antenna according to the world sides (azimuthal surveying) and at narrow frequency range (5; 12.5; 17 khz) with the southern orientation of the antenna (frequency sensing). According to azimuthal surveying one can calculate the vector of maximum intensity of electromagnetic radiation. It was ascertained that over distinctive dislocation one can observe the variation in the direction and absolute value of vectors. Displacement of the anomaly of electromagnetic radiation intensity at different frequency range by profile indicates the direction of dipping of the area of displacement of dislocations with a break of continuity. The method of natural electromagnetic impulse field of the Earth fixes both the dislocations, distinguishes by geological-geophysical methods before, and new low-amplitude dislocations and stressed zones.Tectonic dislocations, that are displayed only in Paleozoic deposits, are distinguished by contrast anomalies of electromagnetic radiation in electromagnetic field, but dislocations with a break of continuity that cut the Mesozoic thickness and in most cases are accompanied by zones of rock fracturing in the Cretaceous deposits: by wide destructive anomalies. Plots over worked-out lavas with stressed deformational state are characterized by strongly differential abnormal values of the intensity of natural impulse electromagnetic field of the Earth. The method of natural electric field allows us to detect zones with water-bearing fracturing rocks in the upper part of the geological section. Methods of natural impulse electromagnetic field of the Earth and natural electric field may be used both independently and in the complex with other geophysical methods for detection and tracing of tectonic dislocations and dynamically-unstressed zones. Thus, the optimum apparatus-methodical complex for detection and diagnostics of low-amplitude dislocations with a break of continuity of coal-enclosing series by electromagnetic methods (NIEMF, NEF) was formed and effective methods of field observations, processinf and interpretation of data were developed.

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Keywords

low-amplitude tectonics, natural electric field, impulse electromagnetic field of the Earth, coal-bearing rocks, geophysical profiles

Referenses

Kurovets, I., Hrytsyk, I., Chepusenko, P., Mykhalchuk, S., & Prykhodko, O. (2019). Vyvchennia maloamplitudnoi tektoniky vuhilnykh rodovyshch metodamy elektromahnitnykh poliv. In Heofizyka i heodynamika: prohnozuvannia ta monitorynh heolohichnoho seredovyshcha: tezy VIII Mizhnarodnoi naukovoi konferentsii (Lviv, 24–26 veresnia 2019 r.) (pp. 92–94). Lviv. [in Ukrainian]

Kurovets, I. M., Zubko, O. S., Kosianenko, G. P., & Chepusenko, P. S. (2000). Diagnostics of physical state of hydrotechnical constructions of enterprises by electromagnetic methods. In 4th European coal conference (September 26–28, 2000, Ustron, Poland) (pp. 43–44). PIG.

Lysoon, S. O., Kurovets, I. M., & Prytulkа, G. I. (2000). New prognostification technology of low-amplitude tectonic dislocations of coal seams. In 4th European coal conference (September 26–28, 2000, Ustron, Poland) (p. 45). PIG.

Pavliuk, M. I. et al. (2016). Heoekolohichni problemy Zakhodu Ukrainy (na prykladi terytorii Lvivskoi oblasti) (B-II-02-12) [Research report]. Lviv. [in Ukrainian]

Zabigaylo, V. E. (1991). K razvitiyu issledovaniy po prognozu maloamplitudnoy tektoniki. In Maloamplitudnaya tektonika. Metody i rezultaty prognozirovaniya: tezisy dokladov (pp. 3–7). Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]

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ON KUZIAN SUITE OF THE MARMAROSH NAPPE OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (189–190) 2023 > 17–25

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (189–190) 2023, 17–25

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2023.189-190.017

Volodymyr SHLAPINSKY, Myroslav TERNAVSKY

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

In 1957, L. G. Tkachuk and D. V. Gurzhiy have singled out the Upper Paleozoic Kuzian suite in the north-western part of the Marmarosh crystalline massif at the Rachiv area. It consists of phyllites, limestones, quartzites and dolomites. The suite is widely distributed in the Dilovets subcover of the Marmarosh nappe at the Rakhiv and Chyvchynian areas. There are two alternative points of view upon the age of the Kuzian suite. Some geologists attribute it to Paleozoic time (Upper Devonian-Lower Carboniferous), the others attribute its lower part to the Upper Paleozoic, and the upper one: to Triassic. One can notice the existence of the different estimation of the lithological composition and different estimation of the lithological composition and the volume of the Kuzian suite.Thus, in 1970 A. K. Boiko has devided it into Muntselulska (Lower) phyllite-quartzite one of Paleozoic age and Upper (Triassic) phyllite-carbonate one for which he saved the name Kuzian suite. The important is that a stratigraphic interruption was fixed between the above-mentioned units. The phyllite-carbonate Kuzian suite is dated on the basis of transgressive occurrence of the middle Triassic dolomites on it, discovery of the post-Paleozoic mosses in its lower part at the Soimul Mountain, and in the upper one: the complex of spores and pollen of Mesozoic age. Geologists, that do not recognize the idea of belonging of the part of suite to Mesozoic, indicate the next contradiction. If we accept the Mesozoic age of the Kuzian suite, so we must affirm that carbonate series of Middle Triassic-Jurassic were deposited on the massif at the same time, and 5–8 km southerly, the regional metamorphism of the Kuzian suite occurred within that zone (by the way, according to some facts at an interval of 148–178 and 175–181 mln years, and according to another information: at an interval of 196–221 mln years. This remark is not correct because the age of the Kuzian suite is Lower Triassic (251.9–247.2 mln years), but metamorphism occurred much later. In those sections where the Kuzian suite lies on the Muntselulska one, basal conglomerates consisting of pebbles and quartzitic fragments of underling suite are present in its bottom. Rocks of the Muntselulska and Kuzian suite are similar by their metamorphism intensity. For the Mesozoic Kuzian suite the manifestations of the main magmatism are characteristic, unlike the Upper Paleozoic acids. The facts testify to that the Mesozoic Kusian suite is existing, but there is a certain indefinity as to its finer dividing, stratigraphic volume and correlation with deposits of Middle Triassic. To avoid confusion, it is expedient to alter the name of the Mesozoic Kuzian suite and to name it, for example, Neo-Kuzian.

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Keywords

Kuzian, Muntselulska, suite, Triassic, Paleozoic, Marmarosh nappe, Dilovets subcover, metamorphism

Referenses

Belov, A. A. (1981). Tektonicheskoye razvitiye alpiyskoy skladchatoy zony v paleozoye. Moskva: Nauka. [in Russian]

Boiko, A. K., Ivanchenko, A. I., & Kuriachyi, L. K. (1964). Pro vik kuzynskoi svity Rakhivskoho masyvu. Dopovidi Akademii nauk URSR, 8, 1095–1098. [in Ukrainian]

Boyko, A. K. (1970). Doverkhnepaleozoyskiy kompleks severo-zapadnogo okonchaniya Marmaroshskogo massiva (Vostochnyye Karpaty). Lvov: Izdatelstvo Lvovskogo universiteta. [in Russian]

Boyko, A. K. (1975). Voprosy drevney geologicheskoy istorii Vostochnykh i Zapadnykh Karpat i radiometricheskoye datirovaniye. Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]

Danіlovich, Yu. R. (1989). Metamorfizm kristallicheskogo fundamenta i domelovogo chekhla Ukrainskikh Karpat. In Geologiya Sovetskikh Karpat: sbornik nauchnykh trudov (pp. 48–56). Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]

Gabinet, M. P., Kulchitskiy, Ya. O., & Matkovskiy, O. I. (1976). Geologiya i poleznyye iskopayemyye Ukrainskikh Karpat (Part 2). Lvov: Vyshcha shkola. [in Russian]

Glushko, V. V., & Kruglov, S. S. (Eds.). (1971). Geologicheskoye stroyeniye i goryuchiye iskopayemyye Ukrainskikh Karpat. Trudy UkrNIGRI, 25. [in Russian]

Kruhlov, S. S. (2009). Heolohiia Ukrainy: Vol. 3. Heolohiia i metaloheniia Ukrainskykh Karpat. Kyiv: UkrDHRI.

Lashmanov, V. I. (1973). K stratigrafii drevnemezozoyskikh otlozheniy Marmaroshskogo massiva. Geologicheskiy sbornik Lvovskogo geologicheskogo obshchestva, 14, 28–34. [in Russian]

Lyashkevich, Z. M., Medvedev, A. P., Krupskiy, Yu. Z., Varichev, A. S., Timoshchuk, V. R., & Stupka, O. O. (1995). Tektono-magmaticheskaya evolyutsiya Karpat. Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]

Matkovskiy, O. I., Malayeva, I. P., & Akimova, K. G. (1973). Stratiformnyye kolchedan-polimetallicheskiye mestorozhdeniya i rudoproyavleniya v Marmaroshskom massive Vostochnykh Karpat. Geologicheskiy sbornik Lvovskogo geologicheskogo obshchestva, 4, 36–48. [in Russian]

Matskiv, B. V., Pukach, B. D., Vorobkanych, V. M., Pastukhanov, S. V., & Hnylko, O. M. (2009). Derzhavna heolohichna karta Ukrainy. Masshtab 1 : 200 000. Karpatska seriia.  Arkushi: M-34-XXXVI (Khust), L-34-VI (Baia-Mare), M-35-XXXI (Nadvirna), L-35-I (Visheu-De-Sus). Kyiv. [in Ukrainian]

Nenchuk, I. F. (1967). O metamorfizme porod kuzinskoy svity Rakhovskogo massiva. In Voprosy geologii Karpat (pp. 165–167). Lvov: Izdatelstvo Lvovskogo universiteta. [in Russian]

Slavin, V. I. (1963). Triasovyye i yurskiye otlozheniya Vostochnykh Karpat i Pannonskogo sredinnogo massiva. Moskva: Gosgeoltekhizdat. [in Russian]

Solovyev, V. O. (2011). Khronologiya tektonicheskikh dvizheniy: fazy, epokhi, tsikly tektogeneza. Kharkov. [in Russian]

Tkachuk, L. H., & Danilovych, Yu. R. (1965). Metamorfizm krystalichnykh slantsiv Skhidnykh Ukrainskykh Karpat. Heolohichnyi zhurnal AN URSR, 25(6). [in Ukrainian]

Tkachuk, L. G., & Gurzhiy, D. V. (1957). Rakhovskiy kristallicheskiy massiv. Kiev: Izdatelstvo AN USSR. [in Russian]

Voloshin, A. A. (1981). Geologicheskoye stroyeniye i rudonosnost severo-zapadnogo okonchaniya Marmaroshskogo massiva. Kiev: Naukova dumka. [in Russian]

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PROSPECTS OF DISCOVERY OF GAS DEPOSITS AT SHALLY DEPTHS IN THE EAST OF THE DNIPRO-DONETS BASIN OF UKRAINE

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (189–190) 2023 > 5–16

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (189–190) 2023, 5–16

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2023.189-190.005

Yaroslav LAZARUK

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

The object of research was the Ustynivka area, which is located in the north-eastern part of the Dnipro-Donets basin on the border between the northern board and axial part of the region.

The geological structure of the area is illuminated from positions of gravitational tectogenesis. Two echelons of brachianticlinal uplifts, genetically related to the Krasnoritsk and Muratove-Tuba discharges, have been identified in the Carboniferous deposits. They were formed in nonconsolidated strata under conditions of stretching and rapid lowering of the Dnipro-Donets graben. Seismic surveys have revealed seven anticlines. Their feature is the orientation of structures along arcuate tectonic faults, asymmetry and displacement of anticlines with a depth to the southwest. According to the geomorphological features of the river valley of the Siverskyi Donets, a new uplift is predicted in the lowered block of the Tuba fault.

In the Voronove anticline, three gas deposits have been established in the Bashkirian stratum. Nearby are Borivske, Muratove, Yevgeniivka, Krasnopopivka and other gas-condensate fields. Therefore, the gravigenic structures of the Ustynivka area are promising for the discovery of new deposits. Promising horizons of the Bashkirian stratum are at shallow depths: from 2 to 2.5 km. Our estimated gas reserves and resources of the Ustynivka area are 262 and 2100 million m3, respectively.

Recommendations are given to clarify the form of gravigenic tectonic faults and related anticlines. The tasks for detailed seismic surveys and drilling are defined. The location of exploration and prospecting boreholes is proposed. Considering the displacement of the vaults of gravigenic structures with depth, to open the productive stratum in the apical parts of the uplifts, we recommend drilling inclined boreholes in the southwestern direction. Tasks for industrial development of deposits of Voronove structure are defined.

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Keywords

gas-bearing prospects, Dnipro-Donets basin, gravitational structures, oil and gas traps, hydrocarbon reserves

Referenses

Babadagly, V. A., Lazaruk, Ya. G., Kucheruk, E. V., & Kelbas, B. I. (1981). Osobennosti geologicheskogo stroyeniya zony melkoy skladchatosti Severnogo Donbassa. Geologiya nefti i gaza, 1, 34–39. [in Russian]

Ivaniuta, M. M. (Ed.). (1998). Atlas rodovyshch nafty i hazu Ukrainy (Vol. 1). Lviv: Tsentr Yevropy. [in Ukrainian]

Lazaruk, Ya. H., & Kreidenkov, V. H. (1995). Novyi typ pastok vuhlevodniv u vidkladakh karbonu Dniprovsko-Donetskoi zapadyny. Mineralni resursy Ukrainy, 3–4, 42–46. [in Ukrainian]

Lukin, O. (2008). Vuhlevodnevyi potentsial nadr Ukrainy ta osnovni napriamy yoho osvoiennia. Visnyk Natsionalnoi akademii nauk Ukrainy, 4, 56–67. [in Ukrainian]

Myroshnychenko, R., Polokhov, V., & Borodulin, Ye. (2018). Zvit pro rezultaty seismorozviduvalnykh robit 2D na Ustynivskii diliantsi Sievierodonetskoi ploshchi. Prydniprovska heofizychna rozviduvalna ekspedytsiia DHP “Ukrheofizyka”. Novomoskovsk. [in Ukrainian]

Prior, D. B., & Coleman, J. M. (1982). Active slides and flows in underconsolidated marine sediments on the slopes of the Mississippi delta. In S. Saxov & J. K. Nieuwenhuis (Eds.), Marine slides and other mass movements (pp. 21–49). New York: Plenum press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3362-3_3

Rudko H. I., Liakhu, M. V., Lovyniukov, V. I., Bahniuk, M. M., & Hryhil, V. H. (2016). Pidrakhunok zapasiv nafty i hazu. Kyiv: Bukrek. [in Ukrainian]

Somin, O., Aksonov, V., & Pysmennyi, I. (2016). Utochnenyi proiekt promyslovoi rozrobky Borivskoho hazokondensatnoho rodovyshcha [Research report]. UkrNDIHaz PAT “Ukrhazvydobuvannia”. Kharkiv. [in Ukrainian]

Tovstiuk, Z. M., Yefimenko, T. A., & Titarenko, O. V. (2014). Novitnia rozlomno-blokova tektonika Dniprovsko-Donetskoi zapadyny. Ukrainskyi zhurnal dystantsiinoho zonduvannia Zemli, 2, 4–13. [in Ukrainian]

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ECOLOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF NATURAL WATERS WITHIN THE INFLUENCE LIMITS OF THE DOBRIVLYANY GAS CONDENSATE FIELD (PRECARPATHIA)

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (187–188) 2022 > 115–126

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (187–188) 2022, 115–126.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2022.01-02.115

Halyna MEDVID1, Oleg СHEBAN2, Maria KOST’1, Olga TELEGUZ1, Vasyl HARASYMCHUK1, Iryna SAKHNYUK1, Orysia MAYKUT1, Solomia KALMUK1

1 Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua
2 LLC “Stryinaftogaz”, Stryi, Lviv Region, Ukraine, e-mail: ovcheb2015@gmail.com

Abstract

A study of natural waters within the influence of the Dobrivlyany gas condensate field, located in the Dobryany and Dobrivlyany area village councils of the Stryi district of the Lviv Region of Ukraine, was conducted.

The purpose of the work is to evaluate the geochemical indicators of natural waters based on our own research, to find out the role of natural and man-made factors in the formation of the chemical composition of waters.

The objects of the research are surface waters and groundwaters within the influence of the Dobrivlyany gas condensate field.

Research results. In the research area, as well as in the Bilche-Volytsia zone in general, there are unfavorable conditions for active water exchange and the formation of fresh infiltration waters, since the upper part of the geological section is characterized by clayey Neogene deposits. The depth of penetration of fresh hydrocarbonate-calcium waters here does not exceed 70 m. The small thickness of the zone of active water exchange is one of the indicators of difficult water exchange in the subsoil, therefore, favourable conditions for the preservation of hydrocarbon deposits.

As a result of exploratory work, the Dobrivlyany gas condensate field was opened in 2016. During 2016–2019, 7 boreholes were drilled, and industrial gas inflows were received from horizons LD-9, LD-12, and N1kr+K2. In tectonic terms, the deposit is confined to the northwestern part of the Kosiv-Ugersko subzone of the Bilche-Volytsia zone of the Carpathian Foredeep.

Observation of the macro component composition of groundwater from the wells of the Dobrivlyany gas condensate field indicates the stability of the hydrodynamic conditions of the deposit and, accordingly, the low variability of their geochemical characteristics. Direct hydrogeochemical zonation is clearly manifested in the increase in water mineralization with depth: for the LD-9 horizon at depths of 800–840 m, it varies within the range of 34.74–48.55 g/dm3, for LD-12 at depths of 995–1010 m – 33.82–73.70 g/dm3 and for N1kr+K2 at 1131–1158 m – 67.49–100.31 g/dm3. The content of Br and J doubles with depth. All waters are of the chloride-calcium type (according to Sulin), and genetic indicators vary within narrow limits (rNa/rCl – 0.82–0.91; Cl/Br – 216–315; rSO4 ∙ 100/rCl – 0.003–0.5) and indicate their thalassogenic sedimentogenic origin. The analysis of research results showed that underground waters belong to a single hydrodynamic system, and are characterized by the same type of water according to their chemical composition.

According to the qualitative characteristics of groundwater from an ecological borehole and a well in the Dobrivlyany village remain clean and meets regulatory requirements for drinking water. At the same time, water from a well in Vivnya village is characterized by a high content of nitrates (2.28 maximum permissible concentration), which is caused by the location of the pig complex “Halychyna-Zakhid” LLC on the outskirts. Increased content of organic substances in the waters of two wells of the Railiv village was also established, in which the permanganate oxidizability reaches 1.08–1.24 maximum permissible concentration, and, according to Hygienic requirements for drinking water intended for human consumption, is unfit for consumption. The waters of the Kolodnytsia River are chloride-hydrocarbonate sodium-calcium (calcium-sodium) in composition, while the waters of the Stryi River and the Zhizhava River are calcium bicarbonate.

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Keywords

surface waters, groundwaters, ecological and geochemical characteristic, Dobrivlyany gas condensate field

Referenses

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NON-ORE MINERALS OF VEINLET-IMPREGNATED MINERALIZATION IN THE DEPOSITS OF THE KROSNO ZONE OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS (district of the new Beskydy railway tunnel)

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (187–188) 2022 > 103–114

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (187–188) 2022, 103–114.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2022.01-02.103

Ihor NAUMKO1, Halyna ZANKOVYCH1, Oksana KOКHAN1, Olexandеr VOVK2, Yaroslav KUZEMKO1, Bohdan SAКHNO1, Roman SERKIZ3

1 Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua
2 Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Lutsk, Ukraine, е-mail: geologygeochemistry@gmail.com
3 Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine, е-mail: rserkiz@gmail.com

Abstract

The construction of the new Beskydy railway tunnel, which revealed the indigenous deposits of the Krosno formation of the Ukrainian Carpathians, provided an opportunity to obtain new results from the study of another prospective oil and gas-bearing areas of the flysch formation within the Krosno structural-facies unit. There is a second tunnel in length in Ukraine and passes under the Verkhovyna watershed ridge of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Its section is represented by the rocks of the Krosno formation, namely the stratification of sandstones, argillites and silt stones. There are two fracture zones have been indentified here, in which developed veinle-impregnated mineralization of ore (sulfides) and non-ore (calcite and quartz type of the “Marmarosh diamonds”) minerals. Calcite and quartz formas monominerals veins and in paragenesis calcite-quartz type of the “Marmarosh diamonds” ‒ sulfides. Quartz occurs in the form of splice sand well-faceted crystals, transparent, in yellow, brown, black, green colour. Calcite of a milky, translucent colour in the form of veins, veinlets, impregnation, powder on quartz, druz. Contains significant impurities of magnesium, manganese and iron which means the presence of a rhodochrosite-magnesite-siderite component. Hydrocarbon fluids are present in all calcite and quartz crystals of the “Marmarosh diamonds” type. By chemical composition, it is methane with impurities of higher hydrocarbons (up to hexane). Sometimes the manifestations of the outflow of a black substance with the smell of oil from the cracks in the veinlet-impregnated mineralization are recorded studied rock complexes of the flysch formation of the Krosno zone of the Ukrainian Carpathians (construction area of the new branch of the Beskydy railway tunnel), which acquires an important genetic significance.

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Keywords

veinlet-impregnated mineralization, calcite, “Marmarosh diamonds”, new Beskydy railway tunnel, Krosno zone, Ukrainian Carpathians

Referenses

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Hnylko, O. (2010). Pro pivnichno-skhidnu hranytsiu Krosnenskoi tektonichnoi zony v Ukrainskykh Karpatakh. Heolohiia i heokhimiia horiuchykh kopalyn, 2(151), 44–57. [in Ukrainian]

Hulii, V., Kuzemko, Ya., Stepanov, V., Petruniak, H., Menshov, O., & Ohorilko, R. (2015). Heoloho-strukturni osoblyvosti ta rechovynnyi sklad porid Krosnenskoi zony v raioni novoho Beskydskoho tuneliu. In Fundamentalne znachennia i prykladna rol heolohichnoi osvity i nauky: tezy dopovidei Mizhnarodnoi naukovoi konferentsii, prysviachenoi 70-richchiu heolohichnoho fakultetu Lvivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni Ivana Franka (Lviv, 7–9 zhovtnia 2015 r.) (pp. 69–71). Lviv: Vydavnychyi tsentr LNU imeni Ivana Franka. [in Ukrainian]

Naumko, I. M., Zankovych, H. O., Kuzemko, Ya. D., Diakiv, V. O., Sakhno, B. E. (2017). Vuhlevodnevi hazy fliuidnykh vkliuchen u “marmaroskykh diamantakh” z zhyl u vidkladakh flishovoi formatsii raionu novoho Beskydskoho tuneliu (Krosnenska zona Ukrainskykh Karpat). Dopovidi NAN Ukrainy, 10, 70–77. https://doi.org/10.15407/dopovidi2017.10.070 [in Ukrainian]

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LITHOLOGY AND SEDIMENTATION CONDITIONS OF PALEOCENE DEPOSITS OF THE SOUTH SLOPE OF THE KARKINITE DEPRESSION (BLACK SEA COAST)

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (187–188) 2022 > 71–81

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (187–188) 2022, 71–81.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2022.01-02.071

Kostyantyn HRYGORCHUK1, Volodymyr HNIDETS2, Lina BALANDYUK

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: 1kosagri@ukr.net; 2vgnidets53@gmail.com

Abstract

According to the results of lithological studies of the Paleocene sediments of the southern side of the Karkinite Depression, the lateral lithological-lithmological and facial variability of the sediments is characterized, which is manifested both in the whole section of the Paleocene and its individual epochs. It is shown that the role of limestone formations clearly decreases from the beginning to the end of the period with their maximum development in Zealand time. Sediments of the Tanetian epoch are characterized by dominance in the section of marl-clay formations and the development of siltstone-sand bodies in the area of the Odesa structure. Sediments are represented by three types of section: terrigenous (well Odeska-2), carbonate (wells Hamburtseva-2, Selskogo-40), carbonate-clay (wells Crimean-1, Shtormova-5, Centralna-1, Arkhangelskogo-1). In different areas, each type of section is characterized by a certain specificity of the internal structure. Lithological heterogeneity of sediments is associated with spatial and age variability of biofacial zones: biogerms, inland biogerm lagoons, plumes of destruction of bioherms, the outer shelf. In the sediments of the Danian age, small limestone bodies are localized in the Shtormova and Odesa structures. Zealand strata in the area from well Hamburtseva-2 to well Centralna-1 are characterized by significant development of bioherms, which are replaced in the direction of the Odesa structure by plumes of destruction and sediments of basin plains. The development of bioherm formations in the axial part of the depression is predicted, which is associated with the sedimentary manifestation of the Central Mikhailovsky uplift. This significantly expands the prospects for oil and gas in this part of the study area. During the Tanetian period, rising sea levels caused an increase in the area of distribution of the outer shelf in the axial zone of depression. At the same time, in the area of the structures of Hamburtseva, Selskogo, Centralna inheritedly (despite the transgression) were developed biohermic massifs, which was caused by upward movements within the Black Sea-Kalamitsky uplift.

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Keywords

lithology, facies, sedimentation conditions, Paleocene, Karkinite Depression

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LITHOGEOCHEMISTRY OF BLACK SHALES OF THE PHANEROZOIC OF THE WESTERN UKRAINE – UNCONVENTIONAL HYDROCARBON RESERVOIRS

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (187–188) 2022 > 82–102

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (187–188) 2022, 82–102.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2022.01-02.082

Ihor POPP, Petro MOROZ, Mykhaylo SHAPOVALOV

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: itpopp@ukr.net

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to compare the lithological, geochemical and mineralogical features of carbonaceous clayey and siliceous-clay rocks of Cretaceous-Paleogene flysch of the Ukrainian Carpathians and Lower Silurian of the Volyn-Podillya edge of the East European Platform and to determine the factors that contributed to the formation of zones of “unconventional reservoirs” in these sedimentary strata of cracked and mixed types.

Data from the lithology, geochemistry and mineralogy of bituminous siliceous-clay rocks and siliceous rocks of Lower Cretaceous and Oligocene of the Carpathians and black argillites of Lower Silurian of the Volyn-Podillya edge of the East European Platform are presented.

Sedimentogenesis of Lower Cretaceous and Oligocene bituminous deposits of the Carpathians and Lower Silurian deposits of Volyn-Podillya took place in anoxic conditions (phases of oceanic anoxic events: OAE-1 (Barrem–Albian), OAE-4 (Oligocene) and at the border of Ordovician and Silurian. Paleoceanographic conditions of their sedimentation differed significantly. The first are deep-sea formations at the foot of the continental slope of the Carpathian segment of the Tethys Ocean, the second were accumulated in the warm shallow sea on the eastern shelf of the West European Sea Basin.

The layered texture of carbonaceous deposits, as well as the catagenetic transformation of rock-forming clay and siliceous minerals and their hydrophobization, played a significant role in the formation of the filtration capacity properties of “unconventional reservoirs”. In Cretaceous-Paleogene flysch deposits of the Carpathians, “unconventional reservoirs” are usually terrigenous-clay or siliceous-clay rocks with shale and layered texture or compacted sandstones localized in conventional oil, gas or condensate deposits. Lower Silurian clay deposits of Volyn-Podillya are promising for the search for “shale gas”.

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Keywords

unconventional reservoirs, black shales, shale gas, clay minerals, organic carbon

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GEOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF STRONTIUM ACCUMULATION AND MIGRATION IN THE PEATS OF THE LVIV REGION

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (187–188) 2022 > 58–70

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (187–188) 2022, 58–70.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2022.01-02.058

Myroslava YAKOVENKO

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: myroslavakoshil@ukr.net

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of geochemical characteristics of the distribution, accumulation and migration of strontium in the lowland peats of the Lviv Region, both laterally and vertically, and to identify the main factors influencing the formation of its concentrations.

A significant uneven distribution of concentration, high dispersion and variability (coefficient of variation – 116.61, standard deviation – 564.11) of Sr in peats within deposits, districts and regions both with depth and area of distribution and high content indicators were established Sr relative to clarks of the lithosphere, soils, plant ash (CC relative to the lithosphere = 1.42; CC relative to soil clarks = 1.94; Сs relative to background values in the soils of Ukraine = 4.56; CK relative to clarks of terrestrial plants = 1.61).

The content of Sr in the peat of the Lviv Region ranges from 40–3190 mg/kg (average content 483.75 mg/kg, median content (background content) – 250 mg/kg), which is due to natural-climatic, geological, lithological, hydrogeochemical and anthropogenic factors.

The features of the distribution and the degree of concentration of Sr in the peatlands of the Lviv Region are mainly influenced by the chemical-mineralogical-petrographic composition of the bedrocks of the wear area during their weathering; terrain, climatic, geomorphological, tectonic and hydrogeological conditions of the area, which determine the of the weathering processes of the rocks in the wear areas, the degree of transformation of terrigenous material in the weathering processes, the rate of accumulation of biomass and the rate of its decomposition; features of water and mineral nutrition of the peatland.

High concentrations of strontium in the peat of the Lviv Region reflect the local regional processes of the concentration of the element in the mass of peat and may indicate the accumulation of Sr of both natural and anthropogenic origin in the upper layers of peat profiles. There is an enrichment of Sr in the upper intervals of deposits (0–1 m) of deposits in the northeastern part of the Lviv Region (Malopoliska peat region) is observed.

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Keywords

peat, peat deposit, strontium, microelement composition, concentration, Clark concentration, accumulation, migration

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DEFORMATIONS IN THE THRUST ZONE BETWEEN THE ZELEMIANKA AND PARASHKA SKYBAS OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIAN SKYBA NAPPE (HREBENIV QUARRY)

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (187–188) 2022 > 48–57

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (187–188) 2022, 48–57.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2022.01-02.048

Milena BOGDANOVA

Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: milena_bogdanova@ukr.net

Abstract

In the article, based on own field observations, the deformation structures into the thrust zone of the Zelemianka Skyba (=thrust-sheet) onto the Parashka Skyba (the Ukrainian Carpathian Skyba Nappe) are described. They are exposed in the Hrebeniv quarry located in the Opir River basin (Lviv Region, Skole district). The tectonically disintegrated Stryi Formation (Upper-Cretaceous–Paleocene flysch) characterized by the rigid sandstone blocks (formed mainly as a result of boudinage) placed in a ductile clay matrix is represented in the Hrebeniv quarry. This formation is proposed to be classified as a “broken formation”, which is strongly tectonized, but retain their lithological and stratigraphic identity. It is a transitional element between the weakly deformed strata and tectonic mélange. Their characteristic features are: linearity of the distribution zone; significant monomictic composition and absence of exotic formations; the presence of an intensively tectonized matrix with clastolites (blocks) of less tectonized rocks of the same lithostratum (formation, series); the presence of newly formed hydrothermal minerals in clastolite cracks; the upper and lower contacts limiting the broken formation have a tectonic nature. An intensely tectonized matrix and a weakly tectonized rigid blocks belong to the same stratigraphic unit in a broken formation. The structural features suggest a brittle deformations in the studied rocks. Tectonic processes occurred in the completely lithified deposits. Thrust processes were accompanied by the formation of the duplexes, including antiformal stack duplexes, which are well expressed in the quarry. Duplexes are observed in different parts of the quarry, and the most representative ones are developed in its central section. Horses in the duplexes are characterized by a size of 1 to 3 meters here. They are generally subparallel, which is consistent with monoclinal bedding, however, they sometimes acquire an antiform appearance as a result of tectonic thrusting.

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Keywords

Ukrainian Carpathians, Skyba Nappe, broken formation, thrust zone, deformations, duplexes

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