Category: Oil and Gas Geology

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GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND PROSPECTS OF OIL-GAS PRESENCE AT THE POHAR PLOT (Folded Carpathians)

Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (185–186) 2021 > 5–15

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (185–186) 2021, 5–15.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2021.03-04.005

Volodymyr SHLAPINSKY, Myroslav PAVLYUK, Yaroslav LAZARUK, Olesya SAVCHAK, Myroslav TERNAVSKY

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: vlash.ukr@gmail.com

Abstract

The Pohar plot is situated in the Skole district of the Lviv Region, 30 km south-west of Skole town, between Pohar and Kryve villages. Tectonically it is located in of junction of the Skybian (Slavske Skyba) and the Krosno covers. At the end of XIX beginning of XX centuries in the region of the village the oil-extracting enterprise was existent. There deposits of Oligocen and Eocene of the Rozluch belt of the Krosno cover and Oligocene of the scale of the Slavske skyba of the Skybian cover were exploited. During two ten-years of exploitation by exploring shafts and shallow boreholes more than 3 thousand ton of oil was extracted. Prospects of the Pohar plot should be connected with sand horizons of the Holovets suite of Oligocen (Klivsky sandstones) that are characterized by satisfactory reservoir properties. They are localized in the immersed part of the Hrosivsky scale of the Krosno cover separated by the Rozluch fault (tectonically screened deposit) from its forkball part, drilled in 1973–1974 1-Pohar borehole (well bottom 1935 m), due to deflection of its hole to the south-east, didn’t expose the Klivsky sandstones and didn’t solve its task. For complete exposition of the Klivsky sandstones of the Holovets suite of Oligocene of the Hrosivsky scale it is necessary to design vertically oriented 2-Pohar borehole of 2300 m in depth. About probable commercial oil-gas saturation of the horizon of the Klivsky sandstones testifies not only to the existence of the oil-extracting enterprise in the past, but the intensive surface oil shows in the stretched area that is controlled by the Rozluch fault. Moreover, taking the prospect of the zone of junction of the given covers in consideration, the seismic survey should be conducted at the Pohar area for the estimation of the geological structure of the deeper horizons and parametric borehole of 4000–5000 m in depth should be designed.

Full Text

Keywords

Skybian and Krosno covers, Rozluch fault, oil extracting enterprise, prospects of oil-gas presence

Referenses

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Kuzovenko, V. V., Glushko, V. V., Myshkin, L. P., & Shlapinskii, V. E. (1990). Izuchenie geologo-geofizicheskikh materialov po Skibovoi i Krosnenskoi zonam Skladchatykh Karpat, s tsel’yu vyyavleniya perspektivnykh na neft’ i gaz ob”ektov za 1988–1990 gg. PGO “Zapadukrgeologiya”. L’vov: Fondy DP “Zakhidukrheolohiia”. [in Russian]

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Temnyuk, F. P. (1952). Otchet o geologicheskikh issledovaniyakh zony Krosno, provedennykh na ploshchadi Il’nik–Komarniki Drogobychskoi oblasti v 1951 g. L’vov: Fondy DP “Zakhidukrheolohiia”. [in Russian]

Wyszyński, O. W., & Obtułowicz, J. (1939). Antyklina Poharu. Budowa geologiczna i złoża ropy. Przemysł naftowy, 3, 65–68.

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COMMERCIAL POTENTIAL FOR COAL PRESENCE IN THE LOWER PART OF CARBONIFEROUS DEPOSITS OF THE LVIV-VOLYN BASIN

Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (185–186) 2021 > 73–91

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (185–186) 2021, 73–91.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2021.03-04.073

Mykhailo MATROFAILO, Iryna BUCHYNSKA, Andriy POBEREZHSKYY, Oksana STUPKA, Ivan YATSENKO, Olena SHEVCHUK, Iryna KUDRYCH

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

On the basis of morphological analysis and detailed studies of lithological-facies composition and formation conditions of coal-bearing deposits the investigations of the lower part of Carboniferous deposits of the Lviv-Volyn Basin of south-western edge of the East European Platform were conducted. In particular, the available geological material was analyzed; the initial conditions of Carbonic coal-forming (Late Tournai – beginning of Late Visean) were studied and positions of the lower boundary of the coal-bearing formation were grounded; the availability of commercial coal-bearing potential (thickness of coal seams 0.6 m and more) of the lower part of Carbonic was studied; commercial coal-bearing potential of the Visean and the lower part of the Serpukhovian stages of the lower subformation of the basin was detected; the influence of intraformational and epigenetic washings and other factors that caused the formation and changes of the lower part of the coal-bearing formation, the morphology were investigated; the possibilities of commercial development of coal seams of the lower horizons were grounded.

The most promising areas for searching commercial coal seams and the plots with workable thickness in deposits of the lower coal-bearing subformation were singled out for the extension of commercial coal-bearing potential and determination of the directions of searching and prospecting for promising coal deposits of the basin. It was noted that within the bounds of such areas (the Kovel area, the Bubnivska area, the Busk field and other) a continental regime was formed for a long time, and in the conditions of the marshy near-sea lowgrounds with a developed river system and dismembered paleorelief the periodical peat accumulation occurred that caused the formation of commercial coal seams.

Reliable prediction of the mining-geological conditions for the development and the assessment of the commercial usability of the coal seams of the lower part of Carbonic deposits in the whole territory of the basin and within the limits of acting mines should ensure the stable development of the Lviv-Volyn Coal Basin.

Full Text

Keywords

coal seam, commercial coal-bearing potential, perspective coal-bearing areas and plots, lower coal-bearing formation, predicted resources, Lviv-Volyn Coal Basin

Referenses

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BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF PALEOCENE-EOCENE DEPOSITS OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS BASED ON PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA

Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (185–186) 2021 > 56–64

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (185–186) 2021, 56–64.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2021.03-04.056

Svitlana HNYLKO

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

Paleogene deposits are the main reservoir of hydrocarbon resources in the Carpathians and creation of the modern stratigraphic scheme of these deposits is the basis for improving the efficiency of geological search works. The reliable stratification is a necessary precondition for the preparation of geological maps. Stratification of the Paleocene–Eocene sediments is provided by foraminifera, nannoplankton, dinocysts, radiolarians, sponge spicules, palynoflora. Planktonic foraminifera is the main stratigraphic group of the Paleogene fauna.

In the predominantly non-calcareous flysch of the Paleocene–Eocene of the Carpathians, mainly agglutinated benthic foraminifera of siliceous composition are developed. Planktonic foraminifera are distributed locally – in calcareous facies. The most complete sequence of Paleocene–Eocene planktonic foraminifera is represented in the Metova Formation (the Vezhany nappe of the Inner Carpathians).

The results of own researches of natural sections of sediments distributed within the Magursky, Monastyretsky and Vezhany nappes of the Ukrainian Carpathians together with the analysis of literature sources are used.

The article presents a generalized biozonal division of the Paleocene–Eocene of the Ukrainian Carpathians by planktonic foraminifera. On the basis of certain correlation levels, a comparison with the Geological Time Scale was made.

The Parvularugoglobigerina eugubina Zone (lowermost Danian), Globoconusa daubjergensis Zone (middle Danian), Praemurica inconstans Zone (upper Danian); Morozovella angulata Zone (lower Selandian); Globanomalina pseudomenardii Zone fnd Acarinina acarinata Zone (upper Selandian–Thanetian); Morozovella subbotinae Zone (lower Ypresian), Morozovella aragonensis Zone (upper Ypresian); Acarinina bullbrooki Zone (lower Lutetian), Acarinina rotundimarginata Zone (upper Lutetian); Hantkenina alabamensis Zone (Bartonian); Globigerinatheka tropicalis Zone (lower Priabonian) and Subbotina corpulenta Zone (upper Priabonian) based on planktonic foraminifera are characterized in studied deposits.

Full Text

Keywords

Ukrainian Carpathians, planktonic foraminifera, biostratigraphy, Paleocene–Eocene

Referenses

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Vyalov, O. S., Gavura, S. P., Danysh, V. V., & Smirnov, S. E. (1987). Opornye pogranichnye razrezy eotsena i oligotsena severnogo sklona Ukrainskikh Karpat. Paleontologicheskii sbornik, 24, 20–27. [in Russian]

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FACIAL FEATURES OF THE PALEOCENE-EOCENE DEPOSITS OF ADVANCED UNITS OF THE SKYBA ZONE OF UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS

Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (185–186) 2021 > 44–55

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (185–186) 2021, 44–55.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2021.03-04.044

Halyna HAVRYSHKIV1, Yuliya HAIEVSKA2

1, 2 Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: 1galinah2404@gmail.com; 2yuhaievska@ukr.net

Abstract

There three main types of facies of Paleocene-Eocene complexes: sandy, siltstone and argillite distinguished within the study area by the nature of the distribution of the strata of the forming components were highlighted. Тhey accumulated avalanche at the foot of the continental slope and formed various facial parts of the foehn (Upper, Middle and Lower foehn). In the upper part of the Foehn was accumulated coarse-grained sediments (clusters of deep boulders and other psephyto-psammitic material containing edaphogenic rocks). Under the action of geostrophic and bottom currents, silt streams of pelitic and psammitic material moved in the direction to the south and south-east of the Carpathian sedimentation basin, forming sandy-clay and clay facies (Middle and Lower foehn). During the turbidite movement of a large amount of sediment from the first (shelf) to the second (foot of the continental slope) level of avalanche sedimentation, sorting and distribution of sediments on the continental slope took place. Based on the analysis of the material composition of Paleocene-Eocene sediments of the study area by such criteria as the size of the fragment, sedimentary textures and the ratio of different rocks, 7 facies were identified, which were deposited as gravitational flows down on the continental slope. Reconstructions of Paleocene-Eocene age flysch deposits showed that terrigene material in the studied sedimentation basin came from two sources – one of which was northwest of the study area and was characterized by a predominance of coarse-grained sandy sediments, while the source wear, which was in the central part of the studied basin was characterized by a predominance of clay silt and fine-grained psammitic material. This nature of the distribution of terrigenous material had a decisive influence on the further formation of Paleocene end Eocene sedimentary strata in the process of sedimentogenesis and post-sedimentary transformations of sediments, and on the formation of reservoir rocks and rocks with potential reservoir properties for hydrocarbon exploration. It has been established that the composition of the Psamitolites of the flysch formation of the Paleocene and Eocene ages of the Carpathians was formed on the passive continental margin or in the inland and boundary seas, and their genesis mostly corresponds only to the platform source of material wear.

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Keywords

Paleocene, Eocene, facies, sandstone, flysch, continental slope, sedimentation

Referenses

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PETROPHYSICAL MODELS OF DEPOSITS OF THE MENILITE SUITE OF THE OLIGOCENE FLYSH OF THE CARPATHIANS AND THE PRECARPATHIAN DEEP

Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (185–186) 2021 > 33–43

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (185–186) 2021, 33–43.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2021.03-04.033

Ihor KUROVETS, Ihor HRYTSYK, Oleksandr PRYKHODKO, Pavlo CHEPUSENKO, Zoryana KUCHER, Stepan MYKHALCHUK, Svitlana MELNYCHUK, Yulia LYSAK, Lyudmyla PETELKO

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: i.kurovets@gmail.com

Abstract

Petrophysical and collecting properties of the reservoir rocks of low-porous, low-permeable deposits of the Menilite suite of the Oligocene flysh of the Carpathians and the Precarpathian deep were studied as well as their interconnections and interactions under normal conditions and in conditions that simulated the formation conditions, and their typical geological-geophysical cross-sections were constructed.

Creation of identical petrophysical models of reservoir rocks was based on the system integrated approach with which the reservoir rock is considered as a system formed in the geological time and consists of interconnected and interacted elements. Petrophysical investigation of the reservoir rocks as the system includes the studies of the characteristics of their elements, the character of interconnections between them taking the conditions of their occurrence into consideration.

On the basis of statistical processing and analysis of the results of laboratory studies of core material, the parametric petrophysical models of “core-core”-type were constructed: statistical dependences between porosity factor, permeability factor, water-saturation, specific weight, parameter of porosity, interval time for arriving acoustic waves and parameter of oil-saturation for atmospheric conditions and effective pressures being comparable to formational ones. Using the method of basic components of factor analysis it was possible to study the influence of geological factors upon geophysical parameters of the reservoir rocks in terrigenous sections and the informative value of geophysical methods while singling-out producing seams in the geological section.

Oil- and gas-saturation of the reservoir rocks, their mineralogical composition and porosity of the reservoir rocks have the most influence on the indications of geophysical methods in the boreholes, somewhat lesser: a depth of their occurrence and the thickness of the seams. Producing and water-bearing beds differ in the value of electrical resistance most of all. The influence of lithogeodynamic factors upon the collecting and physical properties of the reservoir rocks was studied. The main geological factors that determine collecting parameters of terrigenous rocks and their physical properties are the following: a mineral composition, a shape, a size of fragmental grains and pores and their mutual position, a type of fluid-saturation, a rate of catagenetic transformations and a thermodynamic state.

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Keywords

Precarpathian deep, Menilite suite, petrophysical models, low-porous, low-permeable deposits

Referenses

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PROSPECTS FOR OIL AND GAS PRESENCE OF LOWER SARMATIAN DEPOSITS IN THE NORTH-WESTERN PART OF THE OUTER ZONE OF THE CARPATHIAN FOREDEEP (by hydrogeochemical and hydrodynamic indicators)

Home > Archive > No. 3–4 (185–186) 2021 > 16–32

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 3–4 (185–186) 2021, 16–32.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2021.03-04.016

Halyna MEDVID, Olga TELEGUZ, Vasyl HARASYMCHUK, Maria KOST’, Solomiya KALMUK

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

The hydrogeochemical parameters of the Lower Sarmatian aquifer of the north-western part of the Outer Zone of the Carpathian Foredeep have been studied. The waters of the chloride-calcium type (according to the classification of V. O. Sulin) are dominated. Other types of water are distributed locally. On the basis of the calculated genetic coefficients, the conclusion on sedimentogenic conditions of their forming during a geological history of the region is made.

It is established that the general tendency for the deposits of the Outer Zone is increasing of TDS of water with depth and stratigraphy. The waters of the north-western part of the Outer Zone are characterized by reduced values of sulfate content and sulfation coefficient rSO42– · 100/rCl–, indicating the conditions of hydrogeological closed structures.

The genetic index of formation water metamorphism (rNa+/rCl–) is mainly inversely dependent on TDS. Its values greater than one are inherent in waters of hydrocarbonate-sodium and sulfate-sodium types, which are not typical for the hydrocarbon deposits. The nature of fluctuations in the values of the chlorine-bromine coefficient is fully consistent with other hydrochemical parameters and the results of paleohydrodynamic reconstructions.

A detailed analysis of the current hydrodynamic situation of Lower Sarmatian aquifer in combination with geochemical features and paleohydrodynamic reconstructions allowed to identify the perspective structures of the studying region. Our forecasts for the gas potential of the Krukenychy depression are consistent with the forecasts of researchers of Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas. The results of their research are based on gravitational field anomalies.

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Keywords

hydrogeological criteria, hydrogeochemical features, hydrocarbons, Outer Zone, Carpathian Foredeep

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THE FORMATION AND CRITERIA OF OIL- AND GAS-BEARING POTENTIAL OF HYDROCARBON ACCUMULATIONS OF THE WESTERN OIL-GAS REGION OF UKRAINE

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (183–184) 2021 > 14–44

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (183–184) 2021, 14–44.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2021.01-02.014

Myroslav PAVLYUK, Yaroslav LAZARUK, Volodymyr SHLAPINSKY, Olesya SAVCHAK, Ivanna KOLODIY, Myroslav TERNAVSKY, Halyna HRYVNIAK, Lyubov HUZARSKA, Natalia KOVALCHUK

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

In the paper we have analysed hydrocarbon deposits of the Western region according to their belonging to the tectonic zones, stratigraphic complexes, types and depths of occurrence. The law-governed nature of alteration in physical-chemical properties of oil and gas, hydrogeological and geochemical peculiarities of productive thickness were studied, haloes of the distribution of gas of hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon composition outcrops of fluids were mapped. Problems of the formation of hydrocarbon accumulations were considered. According to the results of integrated analysis of different geological factors, besides the main factors of oil and gas presence – structure, reservoir, cover – additional criteria were proposed. In the direction to the deposit, the nitric-methane gases are changed into sufficiently methane and hydrocarbon-methane ones, and values of saturation pressure are comparable to the formation pressure. Indication of oil-gas presence are water-soluble organic matters of oil origin: bitumen, phenols, hydrocarbons, naphthenic acids as well as the presence of condensation waters or their mixture with formational waters. Probable indicators of hydrocarbon accumulations are sulfides of zinc, lead, copper in rocks. For the existence of the deposits the hydrogeological closing of the bowels is necessary: small velocities of the formational waters, their high mineralization, metamorphism intensity, chlorine-calcium type of waters. Natural oil-gas showings as a reflection of deposits that occur at a depth serve as criterion for estimation of prospects of the oil-gas presence in the open territories. The example of substation of prospecting objects is given according to criteria of the oil-gas presence in the platform autochthone under the overthrust of Pokuttia-Bukovyna Carpathians.

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Keywords

oil, gas, criteria of oil-gas presence, formation of fields, indications of oil-gas presence

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TECTONIC-SEDIMENTARY EVOLUTION OF THE FRONTAL PART OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIAN NAPPE STRUCTURE

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (183–184) 2021 > 45–59

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (183–184) 2021, 45–59.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2021.01-02.045

Oleh HNYLKO, Svitlana HNYLKO, Maria KULYANDA, Romana MARCHENKO

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, e-mail: igggk@mail.lviv.ua

Abstract

For the first time in the Ukrainian Carpathians, the depths and tectono-sedimentation processes in the north-eastern part of the Outer Carpathian Basin (Skyba and Boryslav-Pokuttya units) have been restored on the base of sedimentological and microfaunistic studies. It was established that in the Cretaceous-Eocene time, the deep-water (near Calcite Compensation Depth) turbidite and similar sedimentation (turbidites with Bouma textures, grainites, debris-flow deposits), which periodically alternated with (hemi)pelagic sedimentation (red, green and black shales) was dominant here. Sedimentation took place on the continental margin of the the Carpathian branch of the Tethys, where deep-water fans were formed. Cretaceous-Eocene background red and green shales are enriched in buried in situ benthic foraminifera which are similar in taxonomic composition and morphological features to the microfauna of the Carpathian-Alpine and Atlantic regions (deep-water agglutinated foraminifera), which indicate lower bathyal – abyssal depths of flysch sedimentation. Latest Eocene Globigerina Marl horizon contains the foraminiferal assemblage with plankton dominance, which indicates a general shallowing of the Outer Carpathian Basin (middle-upper bathyal conditions above a calcite compensation depth). Oligocene – lowermost Miocene Menilite-Krosno and Polyanytsia formations were accumulated in the Skyba and Boryslav-Pokuttya sub-basins. In the Miocene, shallow-water molasses were accumulated here. Probably, the tectonic uproot of flysch deposits from its substrate and their synsedymentary thrusting towards the platform caused a significant shallowing of the Skyba and Boryslav-Pokuttya sub-basins starting from the latest Eocene. These processes reflected the growth of the Carpathian frontal nappes at the final orogen formation stage.

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Keywords

Ukrainian Carpathians, Skyba and Boryslav-Pokuttya nappes, foraminifera, turbidites

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DYNAMICS OF LITHOGENESIS OF PHANEROZOIC SEDIMENTARY SEQUENCE OF THE CARPATHIAN-BLACK SEA REGION IN THE ASPECT OF THEIR OIL- AND GAS-BEARING POTENTIAL

Home > Archive > No. 1–2 (183–184) 2021 > 60–75

Geology & Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals No. 1–2 (183–184) 2021, 60–75.

https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2021.01-02.060

Nataliya RADKOVETS, Kostyantyn HRYGORCHUK, Yuriy KOLTUN, Volodymyr HNIDETS, Ihor POPP, Marta MOROZ, Yuliya HAYEVSKA, Halyna HAVRYSHKIV, Oksana KOKHAN, Oksana CHEREMISSKA, Petro MOROZ, Lesya KOSHIL, Lina BALANDYUK, Mykhaylo SHAPOVALOV, Anastasiya REVER

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, e-mail: radkov_n@ukr.net

Abstract

The objective of this work was to study the environments and processes of ancient sedimentation in the epi- and mesopelagic basins of the Carpathian-Black Sea region and to clarify the conditions of oil and gas basins formation within the study region as well as the main aspects of hydrocarbon generation.

The burial history of the basins, some aspects of their fluid regime, issues of lithogenetic record, features of transformation of sedimentary basins into the rock-formation basins and the development of the latter during the Phanerozoic are considered. The spatial and temporal peculiarities of the evolution of epi-mesopelogic systems and their influence on the formation of oil- and gas-bearing strata within the Carpathian-Black Sea region have been studied.

It has been established that in the sedimentary basins of the Carpathian-Black Sea continental margin of the Tethys Ocean during the long geological history the different intensity structural and morphological changes took place: changes of the subsidence rate of the basin bottom, inversion uplifts, sedimentation pauses, deformation of the sedimentary fill. This was reflected both in the peculiarities of the development of sedimentary environments and in the processes of substance differentiation with the formation of certain post-sedimentary mineral-structural parageneses. It was proved that discrete processes of differentiated compaction and defluidization of sediments cause a number of deformation phenomena, which can be reflected in the features of the morphology of the sedimentary basin bottom, influencing the nature of sediment transportation and accumulation. On the basis of the conducted investigations a number of practical results were obtained which will allow forming new approaches to criteria of hydrocarbons prospecting, in particular the lithophysical aspect which is concentrated on the reservoir properties of rocks; sedimentary reconstructions and the diversity of cyclicity of the studied sediments as a factor of the establishment of prospective areas, reconstruction of the burial history, which provides an information on the state of transformation of organic matter and hydrocarbons, and therefore the range of prospective depths for oil and gas occurrence.

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Keywords

geological paleoceanography, sedimentary-rock basins, Tethys Ocean, sedimento-lithogenesis, black shale strata, oil and gas bearing.

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